The mysterious world of underwater caves | Jill Heinerth

Prevoditelj: Sonja Žarić Recezent: Ivan Stamenković

I'm an underwater explorer,

Ja sam podvodni istraživač,

more specifically a cave diver.

točnije špiljski ronioc.

I wanted to be an astronaut when I was a little kid,

Kao dijete željela sam biti astronaut,

but growing up in Canada as a young girl, that wasn't really available to me.

no odrastajući u Kanadi kao mlada djevojka, to mi nije bilo dostupno.

But as it turns out, we know a lot more about space

No, ispada da znamo više o svemiru

than we do about the underground waterways coursing through our planet,

nego o podvodnim tokovima koji protječu našim planetom,

the very lifeblood of Mother Earth.

upravo životna snaga Majke Zemlje.

So I decided to do something that was even more remarkable.

Tako da sam odlučila napraviti nešto još izvanrednije.

Instead of exploring outer space,

Umjesto da istražujem svemir,

I wanted to explore the wonders of inner space.

htjela sam istraživati čuda unutrašnjeg prostora.

Now, a lot of people will tell you

Većina ljudi će vam reći

that cave diving is perhaps one of the most dangerous endeavors.

da je špiljsko ronjenje jedan od najopasnijih pothvata.

I mean, imagine yourself here in this room,

Mislim, zamislite se ovdje u ovoj prostoriji,

if you were suddenly plunged into blackness,

da ste odjednom uronjeni u crnilo,

with your only job to find the exit,

s jedinim zadatkom da pronađete izlaz,

sometimes swimming through these large spaces,

ponekad plivajući kroz ovaj ogromni prostor,

and at other times crawling beneath the seats,

a ponekad pužući iza sjedala,

following a thin guideline,

prateći tanke smjernice,

just waiting for the life support to provide your very next breath.

čekajući na sustav za održavanje života za sljedeći udah.

Well, that's my workplace.

To je moje radno mjesto.

But what I want to teach you today

No želim vas naučiti danas

is that our world is not one big solid rock.

da naš svijet nije jedna velika čvrsta stijena.

It's a whole lot more like a sponge.

Više je kao spužva.

I can swim through a lot of the pores in our earth's sponge,

Mogu plivati kroz mnoštvo pora u zemaljskoj spužvi,

but where I can't,

a tamo gdje ne mogu,

other life-forms and other materials can make that journey without me.

drugi oblici života i drugi materijali mogu bez mene.

And my voice is the one that's going to teach you

Moj glas je onaj koji će vas naučiti

about the inside of Mother Earth.

o unutrašnjosti Majke Zemlje.

There was no guidebook available to me

Nije mi bio dostupan vodič

when I decided to be the first person to cave dive inside Antarctic icebergs.

kad sam odlučila biti prva osoba koja će zaroniti u ledenjake Antarktika.

In 2000, this was the largest moving object on the planet.

2000. godine, ovo je bio najveći pokretni objekt na planetu.

It calved off the Ross Ice Shelf,

Odvalio se od Rossovog ledenog šelfa,

and we went down there to explore ice edge ecology

i mi smo otišli tamo da bi istražili ekologiju ledenog ruba

and search for life-forms beneath the ice.

i tražili oblike života ispod leda.

We use a technology called rebreathers.

Koristimo tehnologiju koja se zove ponovno disanje.

It's an awful lot like the same technology that is used for space walks.

Jako je slično istoj tehnologiji koja se koristi pri svemirskim šetnjama.

This technology enables us to go deeper

Ova tehnologija nam omogućava da odemo dublje

than we could've imagined even 10 years ago.

nego što smo mogli zamisliti prije 10 godina.

We use exotic gases,

Koristimo egzotične plinove,

and we can make missions even up to 20 hours long underwater.

i uzvodimo misije i do 20 sati pod vodom.

I work with biologists.

Ja radim s biolozima.

It turns out that caves are repositories of amazing life-forms,

Ispada da su špilje skladišta za nevjerojatne oblike života,

species that we never knew existed before.

vrste za koje nismo znali da postoje.

Many of these life-forms live in unusual ways.

Mnogi od ovih oblika života žive na neobične načine.

They have no pigment and no eyes in many cases,

Nemaju pigment niti oči u mnogim slučajevima,

and these animals are also extremely long-lived.

i ove životinje ekstremno dugo žive.

In fact, animals swimming in these caves today

Zapravo, životinje koje plivaju u ovim špiljama danas

are identical in the fossil record

su identične fosilima

that predates the extinction of the dinosaurs.

koji prethode izumiranje dinosaura.

So imagine that: these are like little swimming dinosaurs.

Zamislite, to su kao mali plivajući dinosauri.

What can they teach us about evolution and survival?

Što nas mogu naučiti o evoluciji i opstanku?

When we look at an animal like this remipede swimming in the jar,

Kada pogledamo životinju kao ova remipidia što pliva u staklenci,

he has giant fangs with venom.

ima ogromne otrovne zube.

He can actually attack something 40 times his size and kill it.

Može zapravo napasti nešto 40 puta svoje veličine i ubiti ga.

If he were the size of a cat,

Kad bi bila veličine mačke,

he'd be the most dangerous thing on our planet.

bila bi najopasnija stvar na planetu.

And these animals live in remarkably beautiful places,

Ove životinje žive u izvanredno lijepim mjestima,

and in some cases, caves like this, that are very young,

u nekim slučajevima, špilje kao ova, koja je vrlo mlada,

yet the animals are ancient.

životinje su drevne.

How did they get there?

Kako su došle ovdje?

I also work with physicists,

Također, radim s fizičarima,

and they're interested oftentimes in global climate change.

koji su često zainteresirani za globalne klimatske promjene.

They can take rocks within the caves,

Uzmu kamenje iz špilja,

and they can slice them and look at the layers within with rocks,

presjeku ih i gledaju slojeve unutar kamena,

much like the rings of a tree,

slično kao godovi kod drveta,

and they can count back in history

i mogu izbrojati unazad u povijest

and learn about the climate on our planet at very different times.

i naučiti o klimi na našem planetu kroz različita doba.

The red that you see in this photograph

Ovo crveno što vidite na ovoj fotografiji

is actually dust from the Sahara Desert.

je zapravo prašina iz Sahare.

So it's been picked up by wind, blown across the Atlantic Ocean.

Pokupio ju je vjetar koji puše preko Atlantskog oceana.

It's rained down in this case on the island of Abaco in the Bahamas.

Putem kiše je pala u ovom slučaju na otok Abaco na Bahamima.

It soaks in through the ground

Natapa se kroz tlo

and deposits itself in the rocks within these caves.

i taloži u stijenju unutar ovih špilja.

And when we look back in the layers of these rocks, we can find times

I kad pogledamo slojeve u ovom kamenju, možemo pronaći doba

when the climate was very, very dry on earth,

kada je klima na zemlji bila veoma, veoma suha,

and we can go back many hundreds of thousands of years.

i možemo otići natrag mnogo stotina i tisuća godina.

Paleoclimatologists are also interested

Paleoklimatolozi su, također, zainteresirani

in where the sea level stands were at other times on earth.

gdje je razina mora bila u drukčije doba na zemlji.

Here in Bermuda, my team and I embarked

Ovdje na Bermudi, moj tim i ja se ukrcavamo

on the deepest manned dives ever conducted in the region,

na najdublje ronjenje ikad izvedeno u regiji,

and we were looking for places

i tražimo mjesta

where the sea level used to lap up against the shoreline,

gdje je morska razina bila u odnosu na obalu,

many hundreds of feet below current levels.

mnogo stotina stopa ispod sadašnje razine.

I also get to work with paleontologists and archaeologists.

Također, imam priliku raditi sa paleontolozima i arheolozima.

In places like Mexico, in the Bahamas, and even in Cuba,

U mjestima kao što su Meksiko, Bahami čak i Kuba,

we're looking at cultural remains and also human remains in caves,

proučavamo kulturnu ostavštinu i ljudske ostatke u špiljama,

and they tell us a lot

koji nam govore mnogo

about some of the earliest inhabitants of these regions.

o nekima od najranijih stanovnicima ovih područja.

But my very favorite project of all was over 15 years ago,

No, meni najdraži projekt od svih je bio prije preko 15 godina,

when I was a part of the team that made the very first

kad sam bila dio tima koji je napravio prvu

accurate, three-dimensional map of a subterranean surface.

točnu, trodimenzionalnu mapu podzemne površine.

This device that I'm driving through the cave

Ovaj uređaj koji vozim kroz špilju

was actually creating a three-dimensional model as we drove it.

je zapravo stvarao trodimenzionalni model dok sam upravljala.

We also used ultra low frequency radio

Također, koristimo niskofrekventni radio

to broadcast back to the surface our exact position within the cave.

koji odašilje natrag na površinu naš precizan položaj unutar špilje.

So I swam under houses and businesses and bowling alleys and golf courses,

Tako da sam plivala ispod kuća, tvrtki i kuglana i golf terena,

and even under a Sonny's BBQ Restaurant,

čak i ispod Sonnyjevog BBQ restorana.

Pretty remarkable, and what that taught me

Prilično izvanredno, i ono što sam naučila

was that everything we do on the surface of our earth

je da sve što radimo na površini zemlje

will be returned to us to drink.

će nam se vratiti u obliku pića.

Our water planet is not just rivers, lakes and oceans,

Naš vodeni planet nisu samo rijeke, jezera i oceani,

but it's this vast network of groundwater that knits us all together.

nego i prostrana mreža podzemnih voda koja nas sve spaja.

It's a shared resource from which we all drink.

To je zajednički resurs iz kojeg svi pijemo.

And when we can understand our human connections with our groundwater

Kad budemo razumjeli naše ljudske veze s podzemnim vodama

and all of our water resources on this planet,

i svim izvorima vode na ovom planetu,

then we'll be working on the problem

onda ćemo raditi na problemu

that's probably the most important issue of this century.

koji je vjerojatno najvažniji problem ovog stoljeća.

So I never got to be that astronaut that I always wanted to be,

Nikad nisam imala priliku postati astronaut kao što sam oduvijek željela,

but this mapping device, designed by Dr. Bill Stone, will be.

no ovaj uređaj za mapiranje, koji je dizajnirao Dr. Bill Stone, će postati.

It's actually morphed.

Zapravo se preoblikovao.

It's now a self-swimming autonomous robot,

Sada je samoplivajući autonomni robot,

artificially intelligent,

umjetno inteligentan,

and its ultimate goal is to go to Jupiter's moon Europa

i njegov konačni cilj je da ode na Jupiterov mjesec Europu

and explore oceans beneath the frozen surface of that body.

i istraži oceane ispod zaleđene površine tog tijela.

And that's pretty amazing.

I to je prilično nevjerojatno.

(Applause)

(Pljesak)