The mysterious world of underwater caves | Jill Heinerth

476,776 views ใƒป 2016-02-08

TED


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

ืžืชืจื’ื: Roni Ravia ืžื‘ืงืจ: hila scherba
00:13
I'm an underwater explorer,
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ืื ื™ ืžื’ืœื” ืขื•ืœืžื•ืช ืชืช-ื™ืžื™ื™ื.
00:17
more specifically a cave diver.
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ืœื™ืชืจ ื“ื™ื•ืง ืื ื™ ืฆื•ืœืœื ื™ืช ืžืขืจื•ืช.
00:21
I wanted to be an astronaut when I was a little kid,
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ื‘ื™ืœื“ื•ืชื™ ืจืฆื™ืชื™ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืืกื˜ืจื•ื ืื•ื˜ื™ืช,
00:23
but growing up in Canada as a young girl, that wasn't really available to me.
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ืื‘ืœ ื›ื™ืœื“ื” ืฆืขื™ืจื” ื‘ืงื ื“ื”, ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ื–ื• ืœื ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืคืชื•ื—ื” ื‘ืคื ื™.
00:29
But as it turns out, we know a lot more about space
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ืื‘ืœ ืžืกืชื‘ืจ, ืฉืื ื• ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืขืœ ื”ื—ืœืœ ื”ื—ื™ืฆื•ืŸ
00:33
than we do about the underground waterways coursing through our planet,
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ืžืืฉืจ ืื ื• ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืขืœ ืจืฉืช ื”ืžืขื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืชืช-ื™ืžื™ื™ื ื”ืงื™ื™ืžื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืคืœื ื˜ื” ืฉืœื ื•,
00:37
the very lifeblood of Mother Earth.
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ื“ื ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ืืžื ืื“ืžื”.
00:41
So I decided to do something that was even more remarkable.
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ืื– ื”ื—ืœื˜ืชื™ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืžืฉื”ื• ืขื•ื“ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื™ื•ืฆื ื“ื•ืคืŸ.
00:45
Instead of exploring outer space,
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ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืœื—ืงื•ืจ ืืช ื”ื—ืœืœ ื”ื—ื™ืฆื•ืŸ,
00:47
I wanted to explore the wonders of inner space.
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ืจืฆื™ืชื™ ืœื—ืงื•ืจ ืืช ื ืคืœืื•ืช ื”ื—ืœืœ ื”ืคื ื™ืžื™.
00:51
Now, a lot of people will tell you
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ืื– ื”ืจื‘ื” ืื ืฉื™ื ื™ืืžืจื• ืœื›ื
00:53
that cave diving is perhaps one of the most dangerous endeavors.
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ืฉืฆืœื™ืœืช ืžืขืจื•ืช ื”ื™ื ืื—ื“ ื”ืชื—ื•ืžื™ื ื”ืžืกื•ื›ื ื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉื™ืฉ.
00:58
I mean, imagine yourself here in this room,
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ื›ื”ืžื—ืฉื”, ื“ืžื™ื™ื ื• ืืช ืขืฆืžื›ื ื›ืืŸ ื‘ื—ื“ืจ ื–ื”,
01:01
if you were suddenly plunged into blackness,
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ืื ืคืชืื•ื ื ื•ืคืœ ื—ื•ืฉืš ืžื•ื—ืœื˜,
01:04
with your only job to find the exit,
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ื•ื”ืžืฉื™ืžื” ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ื” ืฉืœื›ื ื”ื™ื ืœืžืฆื•ื ืืช ื”ื™ืฆื™ืื”,
01:06
sometimes swimming through these large spaces,
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ืœืขื™ืชื™ื ื‘ืฉื—ื™ื™ื” ื‘ืžืจื—ื‘ ื”ืคืชื•ื—,
01:09
and at other times crawling beneath the seats,
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ื•ืœืขื™ืชื™ื ื‘ืฉื—ื™ื™ื” ืžืชื—ืช ืœื›ืกืื•ืช,
01:12
following a thin guideline,
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ืชื•ืš ืžืขืงื‘ ืื—ืจ ื›ื‘ืœ ืžื ื—ื” ื“ืง
01:15
just waiting for the life support to provide your very next breath.
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ื•ื”ืกืชืžื›ื•ืช ืžื•ื—ืœื˜ืช ืขืœ ืžืขืจื›ืช ื‘ืœื•ื ื™ ื”ื—ืžืฆืŸ ืฉืชืกืคืง ืœื›ื ืื•ื™ืจ ืœื ืฉื™ืžื”.
01:19
Well, that's my workplace.
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ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ื–ื”ื• ืžืงื•ื ืขื‘ื•ื“ืชื™.
01:22
But what I want to teach you today
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ืื‘ืœ ืžื” ืฉืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœืœืžื“ ืืชื›ื ื”ื™ื•ื
01:24
is that our world is not one big solid rock.
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ื”ื•ื ืฉืขื•ืœืžื ื• ืื™ื ื• ืกืœืข ืžื•ืฆืง ืื—ื“ ื’ื“ื•ืœ.
01:29
It's a whole lot more like a sponge.
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ื”ื•ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ื›ืžื• ืกืคื•ื’.
01:31
I can swim through a lot of the pores in our earth's sponge,
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ืื ื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœืฉื—ื•ืช ืžื‘ืขื“ ืœื”ืจื‘ื” ืžื”ื—ื•ืจื™ื ืฉื‘ืกืคื•ื’ ื›ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืืจืฅ,
01:35
but where I can't,
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ื•ื‘ื—ื•ืจื™ื ืฉืื™ื ื ื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœืฉื—ื•ืช,
01:37
other life-forms and other materials can make that journey without me.
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ืฆื•ืจื•ืช ื—ื™ื™ื ืื—ืจื•ืช ื•ื—ื•ืžืจื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืืช ื”ืžืกืข ื”ื–ื” ื‘ืœืขื“ื™.
01:42
And my voice is the one that's going to teach you
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ื•ืงื•ืœื™ ื”ื•ื ื–ื” ืฉื”ื•ืœืš ืœืœืžื“ ืืชื›ื
01:45
about the inside of Mother Earth.
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ืขืœ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ืชื•ืš ืชื•ื›ื™ ื›ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืืจืฅ.
01:50
There was no guidebook available to me
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ืœื ื”ื™ื” ื‘ืจืฉื•ืชื™ ืขื•ืชืง ืฉืœ ืžื“ืจื™ืš ื˜ื™ื•ืœื™ื
01:53
when I decided to be the first person to cave dive inside Antarctic icebergs.
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ื›ืฉื”ื—ืœื˜ืชื™ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื”ืื“ื ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืฉื™ื‘ืฆืข ืฆืœื™ืœืช ืžืขืจื•ืช ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ืงืจื—ื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœ ืื ื˜ืจืงื˜ื™ืงื”.
01:59
In 2000, this was the largest moving object on the planet.
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ื‘ืฉื ืช 2000, ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ื”ืขืฆื ื”ื ื™ื™ื“ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืขืœ ืคื ื™ ื›ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืืจืฅ.
02:04
It calved off the Ross Ice Shelf,
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ื”ื•ื ื”ืชื ืชืง ืžืžื“ืฃ ื”ืงืจื— ืจื•ืก,
02:06
and we went down there to explore ice edge ecology
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ื•ืื ื—ื ื• ื ืกืขื ื• ืœืฉื ื‘ื›ื“ื™ ืœื—ืงื•ืจ ืืช ื”ืืงื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ื‘ืงืฆื” ืžื“ืฃ ื”ืงืจื—
02:09
and search for life-forms beneath the ice.
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ื•ืœื—ืคืฉ ืื—ืจ ืฆื•ืจื•ืช ื—ื™ื™ื ื”ืžืชืงื™ื™ืžื•ืช ืžืชื—ืช ืœืคื ื™ ื”ืงืจื—.
02:12
We use a technology called rebreathers.
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ื”ืฉืชืžืฉื ื• ื‘ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ืฉืœ ืžื™ื—ื–ื•ืจ ื—ืžืฆืŸ.
02:15
It's an awful lot like the same technology that is used for space walks.
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ื”ื™ื ืžืื•ื“ ื“ื•ืžื” ืœื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ืฉื‘ื” ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ืœื”ืœื™ื›ื” ื‘ื—ืœืœ ื”ื—ื™ืฆื•ืŸ.
02:19
This technology enables us to go deeper
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ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ื–ื• ืžืืคืฉืจืช ืœื ื• ืœืฆืœื•ืœ ืขืžื•ืง ื™ื•ืชืจ
02:22
than we could've imagined even 10 years ago.
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ืžืฉื™ื›ื•ืœื ื• ืœื”ืขืœื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ื“ืขืช ืœืคื ื™ 10 ืฉื ื™ื.
02:25
We use exotic gases,
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ื’ื–ื™ื ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ื™ื,
02:27
and we can make missions even up to 20 hours long underwater.
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ื•ืื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื‘ืฆืข ื’ื™ื—ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืขื“ 20 ืฉืขื•ืช ืžืชื—ืช ืœืคื ื™ ื”ืžื™ื.
02:33
I work with biologists.
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ืื ื™ ืขื•ื‘ื“ืช ืขื ื‘ื™ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื.
02:35
It turns out that caves are repositories of amazing life-forms,
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ืžืกืชื‘ืจ ืฉืžืขืจื•ืช ื”ืŸ ืžืงื•ื ืžื•ืฉื‘ืŸ ืฉืœ ืฆื•ืจื•ืช ื—ื™ื™ื ืžื“ื”ื™ืžื•ืช,
02:39
species that we never knew existed before.
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ืžื™ื ื™ื ืฉืœื ื”ื›ืจื ื• ื‘ืงื™ื•ืžื ืœืคื ื™ ื›ืŸ.
02:43
Many of these life-forms live in unusual ways.
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ื—ืœืง ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืžืฆื•ืจื•ืช ื—ื™ื™ื ืืœื” ื—ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื“ืจื›ื™ื ื™ื•ืฆืื•ืช ื“ื•ืคืŸ.
02:47
They have no pigment and no eyes in many cases,
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ื”ืŸ ื—ืกืจื•ืช ืฆื‘ืข ื•ืœืขื™ืชื™ื ืืฃ ื ื˜ื•ืœื•ืช ืขื™ื ื™ื™ื,
02:51
and these animals are also extremely long-lived.
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ื•ื™ืฆื•ืจื™ื ืืœื” ื”ื ื’ื ื‘ืขืœื™ ืชื•ื—ืœืช ื—ื™ื™ื ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื” ืžืื•ื“.
02:55
In fact, animals swimming in these caves today
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ืœืžืขืŸ ื”ืืžืช, ื™ืฆื•ืจื™ื ื”ืฉื•ื—ื™ื ื‘ืžืขืจื•ืช ืืœื• ื›ื™ื•ื
02:59
are identical in the fossil record
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ืžื–ื•ื”ื™ื ืขื ื”ืžืื•ื‘ื ื™ื
03:01
that predates the extinction of the dinosaurs.
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ืžื”ืชืงื•ืคื” ืฉืœืคื ื™ ื”ื›ื—ื“ื•ืช ื”ื“ื™ื ื•ื–ืื•ืจื™ื.
03:04
So imagine that: these are like little swimming dinosaurs.
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ืื– ื“ืžื™ื™ื ื• ืœืขืฆืžื›ื: ืืœื• ื”ื ื“ื’ื™ ื“ื™ื ื•ื–ืื•ืจ ืงื˜ื ื™ื.
03:08
What can they teach us about evolution and survival?
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ืžื” ื”ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืœืžื“ ืื•ืชื ื• ืขืœ ืื‘ื•ืœื•ืฆื™ื” ื•ืขืœ ื”ื™ืฉืจื“ื•ืช?
03:13
When we look at an animal like this remipede swimming in the jar,
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ื›ืฉืžื‘ื™ื˜ื™ื ืขืœ ื™ืฆื•ืจ ื›ื“ื•ื’ืžืช ื”ืจืžื™ืคื“ื™ื” ื”ื–ื• ื”ืฉื•ื—ื” ื‘ืฆื ืฆื ืช,
03:17
he has giant fangs with venom.
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ื™ืฉ ืœื” ืฉื™ื ื™ ืืจืก ืขื ืงื™ื•ืช.
03:20
He can actually attack something 40 times his size and kill it.
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ื”ื™ื ืœืžืขืฉื” ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœืชืงื•ืฃ ื™ืฆื•ืจ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืคื™ 40 ืžื’ื•ื“ืœื” ืฉืœื” ื•ืœื”ืจื•ื’ ืื•ืชื•.
03:24
If he were the size of a cat,
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ืื ื”ื™ืชื” ื‘ื’ื•ื“ืœ ืฉืœ ื—ืชื•ืœ ื‘ื™ืช,
03:26
he'd be the most dangerous thing on our planet.
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ื”ื™ืชื” ื–ื• ื”ื—ื™ื” ื”ืžืกื•ื›ื ืช ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืขืœ ื›ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืืจืฅ.
03:29
And these animals live in remarkably beautiful places,
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ื•ื”ื™ืฆื•ืจื™ื ื”ืืœื• ื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ืžื“ื”ื™ืžื™ื,
03:33
and in some cases, caves like this, that are very young,
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ื›ืžื• ื”ืžืขืจื” ื”ื–ื• ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื”, ืฉื”ื™ื ืžืื•ื“ ืฆืขื™ืจื”,
03:37
yet the animals are ancient.
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ืœืขื•ืžืช ื”ื—ื™ื•ืช ื”ืขืชื™ืงื•ืช ื”ื’ืจื•ืช ื‘ื”.
03:39
How did they get there?
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ืื™ืš ื”ืŸ ื”ื’ื™ืขื• ืœืฉื?
03:41
I also work with physicists,
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ืื ื™ ื’ื ืขื•ื‘ื“ืช ืขื ืคื™ื–ื™ืงืื™ื,
03:44
and they're interested oftentimes in global climate change.
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ื•ื”ื ืžืชืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ืœืขื™ืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ ื”ืืงืœื™ื ื‘ืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื.
03:47
They can take rocks within the caves,
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ื”ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืงื—ืช ืกืœืขื™ื ืžื”ืžืขืจื•ืช,
03:50
and they can slice them and look at the layers within with rocks,
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ื•ืœืคืจื•ืก ืื•ืชื ืœืฉื ื”ืชื‘ื•ื ื ื•ืช ื‘ืฉื›ื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœื”ืŸ.
03:53
much like the rings of a tree,
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ืžืžืฉ ื›ืžื• ื˜ื‘ืขื•ืช ื‘ื’ื–ืข ืขืฅ,
03:55
and they can count back in history
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ื•ื”ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืœื›ืช ืœืื—ื•ืจ ื‘ื–ืžืŸ
03:57
and learn about the climate on our planet at very different times.
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ื•ืœืœืžื•ื“ ืขืœ ืืงืœื™ื ื›ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืืจืฅ ื‘ืชืงื•ืคื•ืช ื–ืžืŸ ืฉื•ื ื•ืช.
04:00
The red that you see in this photograph
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ื”ืงื˜ืข ื”ืื“ื•ื ืฉืืชื ืจื•ืื™ื ื‘ืชืžื•ื ื” ื–ื•
04:03
is actually dust from the Sahara Desert.
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ื–ื” ืœืžืขืฉื” ืื‘ืง ืžืžื“ื‘ืจ ื”ืกื”ืจื”.
04:06
So it's been picked up by wind, blown across the Atlantic Ocean.
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ื”ื•ื ื”ื•ืกืข ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืจื•ื—, ืžืขืœ ืœืื•ืงื™ื™ื ื•ืก ื”ืื˜ืœื ื˜ื™.
04:10
It's rained down in this case on the island of Abaco in the Bahamas.
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ื•ื”ื•ื ื—ืช ืขืœ ืื“ืžืช ื”ืื™ ืื‘ืืงื• ืฉื‘ื‘ื”ืืžืก ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ื’ืฉื.
04:15
It soaks in through the ground
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ื”ื•ื ื—ืœื—ืœ ื“ืจืš ื”ืื“ืžื”
04:16
and deposits itself in the rocks within these caves.
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ื•ื”ื•ืฉืงืข ื‘ืกืœืขื™ื ืฉื‘ืžืขืจื•ืช ืืœื”.
04:20
And when we look back in the layers of these rocks, we can find times
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ื•ื›ืฉืžืชื‘ื•ื ื ื™ื ื‘ืฉื›ื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืกืœืขื™ื ืืœื” ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ื‘ื—ื™ืŸ ื‘ื–ืžื ื™ื
04:24
when the climate was very, very dry on earth,
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ืฉื‘ื”ื ื”ืืงืœื™ื ืขืœ ืคื ื™ ื›ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืืจืฅ ื”ื™ื” ืžืื•ื“ ืžืื•ื“ ื™ื‘ืฉ,
04:27
and we can go back many hundreds of thousands of years.
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ื•ื›ืš ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืœื›ืช ืœืื—ื•ืจ ืžืื•ืช ืืœืคื™ ืฉื ื™ื.
04:32
Paleoclimatologists are also interested
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ืคืœืื•ืงืœื™ืžื˜ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื ื’ื ืžืชืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื
04:34
in where the sea level stands were at other times on earth.
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ื‘ื’ื•ื‘ื” ืคื ื™ ื”ื™ื ืขืœ ืคื ื™ ื›ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืืจืฅ ื‘ืชืงื•ืคื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื•ืช.
04:38
Here in Bermuda, my team and I embarked
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ื›ืืŸ ื‘ื‘ืจืžื•ื“ื”, ืื ื™ ื•ื”ืฆื•ื•ืช ืฉืœื™
04:40
on the deepest manned dives ever conducted in the region,
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ื‘ืฆืขื ื• ืืช ื”ืฆืœื™ืœื” ื”ืžืื•ื™ื™ืฉืช ื”ืขืžื•ืงื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉื”ืชื‘ืฆืขื” ื‘ืื–ื•ืจ,
04:43
and we were looking for places
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ื•ื‘ืฆืœื™ืœื” ื—ื™ืคืฉื ื• ืื—ืจ ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช
04:45
where the sea level used to lap up against the shoreline,
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ื‘ื”ื ื”ืžื™ื ื‘ื’ื•ื‘ื” ืคื ื™ ื”ื™ื ื”ืฉืื™ืจื• ืืช ื—ื•ืชืžื ืขืœ ืงื• ื”ื—ื•ืฃ
04:48
many hundreds of feet below current levels.
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ืžืื•ืช ืžื˜ืจื™ื ืžืชื—ืช ืœื’ื•ื‘ื” ื”ื ื•ื›ื—ื™ ืฉืœ ืคื ื™ ื”ื™ื.
04:52
I also get to work with paleontologists and archaeologists.
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ืื ื™ ื’ื ืขื•ื‘ื“ืช ืขื ืคืœืื•ื ื˜ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื ื•ืืจื›ื™ืื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื
04:56
In places like Mexico, in the Bahamas, and even in Cuba,
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ื‘ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ื›ืžื• ืžืงืกื™ืงื•, ื‘ื”ืืžืก ื•ืืคื™ืœื• ืงื•ื‘ื”.
05:00
we're looking at cultural remains and also human remains in caves,
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ื‘ืžืขืจื•ืช, ืื ื• ืžื—ืคืฉื™ื ืื—ืจ ืฉืจื™ื“ื™ื ืืจื›ื™ืื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื ื•ืฉืœื“ื™ื.
05:05
and they tell us a lot
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ื•ื”ื ืžืกืคืจื™ื ืœื ื• ื”ืจื‘ื”
05:06
about some of the earliest inhabitants of these regions.
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ืขืœ ื”ืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ื”ืงื“ืžื•ื ื™ื ื‘ืื–ื•ืจื™ื ืืœื•.
05:10
But my very favorite project of all was over 15 years ago,
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ืคืจื•ื™ื™ืงื˜ ื”ืื”ื•ื‘ ืขืœื™ ืžื›ืœ ื”ื™ื” ืœืคื ื™ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืž-15 ืฉื ื”,
05:14
when I was a part of the team that made the very first
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ื›ืฉื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ื—ืœืง ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืฉื™ืฆืจ ืืช ื”ืžืคื” ื”ืชืœืช ืžื™ืžื“ื™ืช ื”ืžื“ื•ื™ื™ืงืช ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื”
05:16
accurate, three-dimensional map of a subterranean surface.
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ืฉืœ ืื–ื•ืจ ืชืช ืงืจืงืขื™.
05:20
This device that I'm driving through the cave
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ื”ืžื›ืฉื™ืจ ืฉืื ื™ ืกื•ื—ื‘ืช ืื™ืชื™ ื›ืืŸ ื‘ืžืขืจื”
05:22
was actually creating a three-dimensional model as we drove it.
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ื‘ืขืฆื ื™ืฆืจ ืืช ื”ืžื•ื“ืœ ื”ืชืœืช ืžื™ืžื“ื™ ืชื•ืš ื›ื“ื™ ืชื ื•ืขื”.
05:27
We also used ultra low frequency radio
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ื”ืฉืชืžืฉื ื• ื’ื ื‘ืจื“ื™ื• ืขื ืชื“ื™ืจื•ืช ืื•ืœื˜ืจื” ื ืžื•ื›ื”
05:29
to broadcast back to the surface our exact position within the cave.
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœืฉื“ืจ ืœืคื ื™ ื”ืฉื˜ื— ืืช ืžื™ืงื•ืžื ื• ื”ืžื“ื•ื™ื™ืง ื‘ืžืขืจื”.
05:34
So I swam under houses and businesses and bowling alleys and golf courses,
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ืื– ืฉื—ื™ืชื™ ืžืชื—ืช ืœื‘ืชื™ื ื•ื‘ืชื™ ืขืกืงื™ื ื•ืื•ืœืžื•ืช ื‘ืื•ืœื™ื ื’ ื•ืžื’ืจืฉื™ ื’ื•ืœืฃ,
05:39
and even under a Sonny's BBQ Restaurant,
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ื•ืืคื™ืœื• ืžืชื—ืช ืœืกื ื™ืฃ ืžืกืขื“ืช ืดืกื•ื ื™ ื‘ืจื‘ื™ืงื™ื•ืด.
05:43
Pretty remarkable, and what that taught me
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ื“ื™ ืžื“ื”ื™ื... ื•ืžื” ืฉืœืžื“ืชื™ ืžื›ืš ื”ื•ื
05:45
was that everything we do on the surface of our earth
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ืฉื›ืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉืื ื• ืขื•ืฉื™ื ืขืœ ืคื ื™ ื›ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืืจืฅ
05:48
will be returned to us to drink.
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ื™ื—ื–ื•ืจ ืืœื™ื ื• ื“ืจืš ืžื™ ื”ืฉืชื™ื™ื”.
05:50
Our water planet is not just rivers, lakes and oceans,
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ื”ืžื™ื ืฉืœื ื• ืœื ื‘ืื™ื ืจืง ืžื ื”ืจื•ืช, ืื’ืžื™ื ื•ืื•ืงื™ื™ื ื•ืกื™ื,
05:55
but it's this vast network of groundwater that knits us all together.
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ืืœื ืงื™ื™ืžืช ืจืฉืช ืžื™ื ืชืช ืงืจืงืขื™ืช ืขืฆื•ืžื” ื”ืžื—ื‘ืจืช ืืช ื›ืœ ืืœื• ื™ื—ื“,
06:00
It's a shared resource from which we all drink.
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ื–ื”ื• ืžืงื•ืจ ืžื™ ื”ืฉืชื™ื™ื” ืฉืœ ื›ื•ืœื ื•.
06:04
And when we can understand our human connections with our groundwater
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ื•ื›ืืฉืจ ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ืืช ื˜ื™ื‘ ื”ื™ื—ืกื™ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืžื™ื ื”ืชืช ืงืจืงืขื™ื™ื ืฉืœื ื•
06:08
and all of our water resources on this planet,
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ื•ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ื›ืœ ืžืงื•ืจื•ืช ื”ืžื™ื ืขืœ ื›ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืืจืฅ,
06:11
then we'll be working on the problem
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ืื– ื ื•ื›ืœ ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ืขืœ ื”ื‘ืขื™ื”
06:12
that's probably the most important issue of this century.
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ื”ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื›ืคื™ ื”ื ืจืื” ื‘ืžืื” ื”ื ื•ื›ื—ื™ืช.
06:17
So I never got to be that astronaut that I always wanted to be,
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ืื– ืืฃ ืคืขื ืœื ื–ื›ื™ืชื™ ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืœืืกื˜ืจื•ื ืื•ื˜ื™ืช ืฉืชืžื™ื“ ืจืฆื™ืชื™ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช
06:20
but this mapping device, designed by Dr. Bill Stone, will be.
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ืžื›ืฉื™ืจ ื”ื–ื” ืฉืขื•ืฆื‘ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื“ืจืณ ื‘ื™ืœ ืกื˜ื•ืŸ, ื›ืŸ ื™ื”ืคื•ืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืืกื˜ืจื•ื ืื•ื˜.
06:24
It's actually morphed.
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ื”ื•ื ื‘ืขืฆื ืฉื™ื ื” ืชื“ืžื™ืช.
06:25
It's now a self-swimming autonomous robot,
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ื”ื•ื ื›ืขืช ืจื•ื‘ื•ื˜-ืื•ื˜ื•ื ื•ืžื™ ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืฉื—ื•ืช ื‘ืขืฆืžื•,
06:28
artificially intelligent,
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ื‘ืขืœ ื‘ื™ื ื” ืžืœืื›ื•ืชื™ืช,
06:30
and its ultimate goal is to go to Jupiter's moon Europa
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ื•ืฉื”ืžื˜ืจื” ื”ืกื•ืคื™ืช ืฉืœื• ื”ื™ื ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืœื™ืจื— ืฉืœ ื™ื•ืคื™ื˜ืจ - ืื™ืจื•ืคื”
06:34
and explore oceans beneath the frozen surface of that body.
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ื•ืœื—ืงื•ืจ ืืช ื”ืื•ืงื™ื™ื ื•ืกื™ื ื”ืชืช ืงืจืงืขื™ื™ื ืชื—ืช ืคื ื™ ื”ืฉื˜ื— ื”ืงืคื•ืื™ื ืฉืœื•.
06:39
And that's pretty amazing.
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ื•ื–ื” ื“ื™ ืžื“ื”ื™ื.
06:42
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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