How I Teach Kids to Love Science | Cesar Harada | TED Talks

159,749 views ใƒป 2015-11-18

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ูŠุฑุฌู‰ ุงู„ู†ู‚ุฑ ู†ู‚ุฑู‹ุง ู…ุฒุฏูˆุฌู‹ุง ููˆู‚ ุงู„ุชุฑุฌู…ุฉ ุงู„ุฅู†ุฌู„ูŠุฒูŠุฉ ุฃุฏู†ุงู‡ ู„ุชุดุบูŠู„ ุงู„ููŠุฏูŠูˆ.

ุงู„ู…ุชุฑุฌู…: Zeineb Trabelsi ุงู„ู…ุฏู‚ู‘ู‚: Hussain Laghabi
00:13
When I was a kid, my parents would tell me,
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ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ูƒู†ุช ุทูู„ุงุŒ ูƒุงู† ูˆุงู„ุฏุงูŠ ุฏุงุฆู…ุง ู…ุง ูŠู‚ูˆู„ุงู† ู„ูŠุŒ
00:16
"You can make a mess, but you have to clean up after yourself."
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"ูŠู…ูƒู†ูƒ ุฃู† ุชุตู†ุน ุงู„ููˆุถู‰ ูˆู„ูƒู† ุนู„ูŠูƒ ุฃู† ุชูู†ุธู‘ู ุฐู„ูƒ ุจู†ูุณูƒ."
00:20
So freedom came with responsibility.
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ุฅุฐู† ูƒุงู†ุช ุงู„ุญุฑูŠุฉ ู…ู…ุฒูˆุฌุฉ ุจุงู„ู…ุณุคูˆู„ูŠุฉ.
00:23
But my imagination would take me to all these wonderful places,
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ูˆู„ูƒู† ู…ุฎูŠู„ุชูŠ ุชุฃุฎุฐู†ูŠ ุฅู„ู‰ ูƒู„ ุชู„ูƒ ุงู„ุฃู…ุงูƒู† ุงู„ุฑุงุฆุนุฉุŒ
00:27
where everything was possible.
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ุญูŠุซ ูƒุงู† ูƒู„ ุดูŠุก ู…ู…ูƒู†ุง.
00:29
So I grew up in a bubble of innocence --
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ู„ุฐู„ูƒ ุชุฑุนุฑุนุช ููŠ ูู‚ุงุนุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ุจุฑุงุกุฉ --
00:32
or a bubble of ignorance, I should say,
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ุฃูˆ ุฏุนูˆู†ูŠ ุฃู‚ูˆู„ ูู‚ุงุนุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฌู‡ู„ุŒ
00:34
because adults would lie to us to protect us from the ugly truth.
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ู„ุฃู† ุงู„ูƒุจุงุฑ ุฏุงุฆู…ุง ู…ุง ูŠูƒุฐุจูˆู† ุนู„ูŠู†ุง ู„ุญู…ุงูŠุชู†ุง ู…ู† ุงู„ุญู‚ูŠู‚ุฉ ุงู„ู…ุฑุฉ.
00:39
And growing up, I found out that adults make a mess,
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ูˆุนู†ุฏู…ุง ูƒุจุฑุชุŒ ุงูƒุชุดูุช ุฃู† ุงู„ุจุงู„ุบูŠู† ูŠุชุณุจุจูˆู† ุจุงู„ููˆุถู‰ุŒ
00:43
and they're not very good at cleaning up after themselves.
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ูˆู„ูŠุณูˆุง ุฌูŠุฏูŠู† ููŠ ุชู†ุธูŠู ุฃุดูŠุงุฆู‡ู….
00:47
Fast forward, I am an adult now,
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ูˆู…ุน ู…ุฑูˆุฑ ุงู„ูˆู‚ุชุŒ ุฃู†ุง ุจุงู„ุบ ุงู„ุขู†ุŒ
00:49
and I teach citizen science and invention at the Hong Kong Harbour School.
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ูˆุฃูุฏุฑู‘ุณ ุนู„ูˆู… ุงู„ู…ูˆุงุทู† ูˆุงู„ุงุฎุชุฑุงุน ุจู…ุฏุฑุณุฉ ู‡ูˆู†ุบ ูƒูˆู†ุบ ู‡ุงุฑุจุฑ.
00:54
And it doesn't take too long
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ูˆู„ู… ู†ุณุชุบุฑู‚ ูˆู‚ุชุง ุทูˆูŠู„ุง
00:55
before my students walk on a beach and stumble upon piles of trash.
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ุญุชู‰ ุจุฏุฃ ุชู„ุงู…ุฐุชูŠ ุจุงู„ุชุฌูˆู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุดุงุทุฆ ูˆุงู„ุชุนุซุฑ ุจุฃูƒูˆุงู… ู…ู† ุงู„ู‚ู…ุงู…ุฉ.
01:00
So as good citizens, we clean up the beaches --
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ูˆ ูƒู…ูˆุงุทู†ูŠู† ุตุงู„ุญูŠู†ุŒ ู‚ู…ู†ุง ุจุชู†ุธูŠู ุงู„ุดูˆุงุทุฆ --
01:02
and no, he is not drinking alcohol, and if he is, I did not give it to him.
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ูˆู‡ู†ุง ู‡ูˆ ู„ุง ูŠุดุฑุจ ุงู„ูƒุญูˆู„ุŒ ูˆุฅู† ูƒุงู† ูƒุฐู„ูƒุŒ ูุฃู†ุง ู„ู… ุฃุนุทู‡ ุฐู„ูƒ.
01:07
(Laughter)
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(ุถุญูƒ)
01:09
And so it's sad to say,
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ูˆู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุญุฒู† ุงู„ู‚ูˆู„ุŒ
01:11
but today more than 80 percent of the oceans have plastic in them.
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ูˆู„ูƒู† ุงู„ูŠูˆู… ุฃูƒุซุฑ ู…ู† 80% ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุญูŠุทุงุช ุชุญุชูˆูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุจู„ุงุณุชูŠูƒ.
01:15
It's a horrifying fact.
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ู‡ุฐู‡ ุญู‚ูŠู‚ุฉ ู…ุฑูˆุนุฉ.
01:16
And in past decades,
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ูˆุฎู„ุงู„ ุงู„ุนู‚ูˆุฏ ุงู„ู…ุงุถูŠุฉุŒ
01:18
we've been taking those big ships out and those big nets,
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ู‚ู…ู†ุง ุจุชุฌู…ูŠุน ุชู„ูƒ ุงู„ุณูู† ูˆุงู„ุดุจูƒุงุช ุงู„ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉุŒ
01:21
and we collect those plastic bits that we look at under a microscope,
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ูˆูƒู†ุง ู†ุฌู…ุน ู‚ุทุน ุงู„ุจู„ุงุณุชูŠูƒ ู„ูุญุตู‡ุง ุชุญุช ุงู„ู…ุฌู‡ุฑุŒ
01:25
and we sort them,
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ูˆู‚ู…ู†ุง ุจูุฑุฒู‡ุงุŒ
01:26
and then we put this data onto a map.
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ุซู… ู‚ู…ู†ุง ุจูˆุถุน ุงู„ุจูŠุงู†ุงุช ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฎุฑูŠุทุฉ.
01:28
But that takes forever, it's very expensive,
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ูˆู„ูƒู† ุฐู„ูƒ ุณูŠุณุชุบุฑู‚ ูˆู‚ุชุง ุทูˆูŠู„ุงุŒ ูˆุณูŠูƒู„ู ุชูƒู„ูุฉ ุจุงู‡ุถุฉุŒ
01:30
and so it's quite risky to take those big boats out.
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ู„ุฐู„ูƒ ุงุณุชุฎุฑุงุฌ ุชู„ูƒ ุงู„ู‚ูˆุงุฑุจ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุญูŠุท ุฎุทุฑ ุฌุฏุง.
01:33
So with my students, ages six to 15,
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ู„ุฐู„ูƒ ุจุฑูู‚ุฉ ุชู„ุงู…ุฐุชูŠ ุงู„ุฐูŠู† ุชุชุฑุงูˆุญ ุฃุนู…ุงุฑู‡ู… ุจูŠู† 6 ูˆ 15 ุณู†ุฉุŒ
01:36
we've been dreaming of inventing a better way.
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ูƒู†ุง ู†ุญู„ู… ุจุงุฎุชุฑุงุน ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ุฃูุถู„.
01:39
So we've transformed our tiny Hong Kong classroom into a workshop.
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ู„ุฐู„ูƒ ุญูˆู„ู†ุง ู‚ุณู…ู†ุง ุงู„ุตุบูŠุฑ ุฅู„ู‰ ูˆุฑุดุฉ ุนู…ู„.
01:43
And so we started building this small workbench,
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ูˆุจุฏุฃู†ุง ุจุตู†ุน ุทุงูˆู„ุฉ ุงู„ุนู…ู„ุŒ
01:46
with different heights, so even really short kids can participate.
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ุจุงุฑุชูุงุนุงุช ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ุญุชู‰ ูŠุชู…ูƒู† ุงู„ุฃุทูุงู„ ู‚ุตูŠุฑูŠ ุงู„ู‚ุงู…ุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุดุงุฑูƒุฉ.
01:49
And let me tell you, kids with power tools are awesome and safe.
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ูˆุฏุนูˆู†ูŠ ุฃูุฎุจุฑูƒู… ุจุฃู† ุงู„ุฃุทูุงู„ ุงู„ุญุงู…ู„ูŠู† ู„ุฃุฏูˆุงุช ุงู„ู‚ูˆุฉ ู‡ู… ุขู…ู†ูˆู† ูˆุฑุงุฆุนูˆู†.
01:53
(Laughter)
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(ุถุญูƒ)
01:55
Not really.
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ู„ูŠุณ ุญู‚ุง.
01:56
And so, back to plastic.
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ูˆ ุนูˆุฏุฉู‘ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ุจู„ุงุณุชูŠูƒ.
01:58
We collect this plastic and we grind it to the size we find it in the ocean,
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ู†ุญู† ู†ุฌู…ุน ุงู„ุจู„ุงุณุชูŠูƒ ูˆู†ุทุญู†ู‡ ุจุงู„ุญุฌู… ุงู„ุฐูŠ ู†ุฌุฏู‡ ุจู‡ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุญูŠุทุŒ
02:01
which is very small because it breaks down.
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ูˆู‡ูˆ ุญุฌู… ุตุบูŠุฑ ุฌุฏุง ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ูŠุชูุชุช.
02:04
And so this is how we work.
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ูˆ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ุนู…ู„ู†ุง.
02:05
I let the imaginations of my students run wild.
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ุฃูุทู„ู‚ ุงู„ุนู†ุงู† ู„ู…ุฎูŠู„ุฉ ุชู„ุงู…ุฐุชูŠ.
02:08
And my job is to try to collect the best of each kid's idea
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ูˆุชูƒู…ู† ู…ู‡ู…ุชูŠ ููŠ ุชุฌู…ูŠุน ุฃุญุณู† ุงู„ุฃููƒุงุฑ ุงู„ุชูŠ ูŠุฃุชูŠ ุจู‡ุง ุงู„ุฃุทูุงู„
02:12
and try to combine it into something that hopefully would work.
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ูˆู…ุญุงูˆู„ุฉ ุฏู…ุฌู‡ุง ู„ู„ุฎุฑูˆุฌ ุจุดูŠุก ูŠู…ูƒู† ุฃู† ูŠู†ุฌุญ.
02:17
And so we have agreed that instead of collecting plastic bits,
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ูˆู„ู‚ุฏ ุงุชูู‚ู†ุง ุนูˆุถุง ุนู† ุฌู…ุน ู‚ุทุน ุงู„ุจู„ุงุณุชูŠูƒุŒ
02:21
we are going to collect only the data.
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ุฃู† ู†ู‚ูˆู… ุจุฌู…ุน ุงู„ู…ุนู„ูˆู…ุงุช ูู‚ุท.
02:23
So we're going to get an image of the plastic with a robot --
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ุฅุฐู† ุณู†ุญุตู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุตูˆุฑุฉ ู„ู„ุจู„ุงุณุชูŠูƒ ุจูˆุงุณุทุฉ ุงู„ุฑูˆุจูˆุช --
02:26
so robots, kids get very excited.
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ู†ุนู… ุฑูˆุจูˆุชุŒ ุงู„ุฃุทูุงู„ ูŠุชุญู…ุณูˆู† ู„ุฐู„ูƒ.
02:28
And the next thing we do -- we do what we call "rapid prototyping."
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ูˆุงู„ุดูŠุก ุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุงู„ุฐูŠ ู†ู‚ูˆู… ุจู‡ -- ู…ุง ูŠูุณู…ู‘ู‰ "ุงู„ู†ู…ุงุฐุฌ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุณุฑูŠุนุฉ."
02:31
We are so rapid at prototyping
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ูู†ุญู† ุณุฑูŠุนูˆู† ููŠ ุตู†ุน ุงู„ู†ู…ุงุฐุฌ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ูŠุฉ
02:33
that the lunch is still in the lunchbox when we're hacking it.
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ู„ุฏุฑุฌุฉ ุฃู† ุงู„ุทุนุงู… ู…ุง ูŠุฒุงู„ ููŠ ุตู†ุฏูˆู‚ ุงู„ุทุนุงู… ุญูŠู† ู†ู‚ูˆู… ุจู‚ุต ุฐู„ูƒ.
02:36
(Laughter)
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(ุถุญูƒ)
02:37
And we hack table lamps and webcams, into plumbing fixtures
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ูˆู†ู‚ูˆู… ุจุงุณุชุนู…ุงู„ ู…ุตุงุจูŠุญ ุงู„ุทุงูˆู„ุฉ ูˆูƒุงู…ูŠุฑุงุช ุงู„ูˆุงุจ ูƒุฃุฌู‡ุฒุฉ ุณู…ูƒุฑุฉ
02:42
and we assemble that into a floating robot that will be slowly moving through water
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ูˆู†ู‚ูˆู… ุจุชุฌู…ูŠุน ูƒู„ ุฐู„ูƒ ููŠ ุฑูˆุจูˆุช ุนุงุฆู… ูŠุชุญุฑูƒ ุจุจุทุฆ ุนุจุฑ ุงู„ู…ุงุก
02:47
and through the plastic that we have there --
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ูˆุงู„ุจู„ุงุณุชูŠูƒ ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ู‡ู†ุงูƒ --
02:49
and this is the image that we get in the robot.
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ูˆู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุตูˆุฑุฉ ุงู„ุชูŠ ู†ุญุตู„ ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ููŠ ุงู„ุฑูˆุจูˆุช.
02:51
So we see the plastic pieces floating slowly through the sensor,
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ู„ุฐู„ูƒ ู†ุฑู‰ ุงู„ู‚ุทุน ุงู„ุจู„ุงุณุชูŠูƒูŠุฉ ุชุทููˆ ุจุจุทุก ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ ุฃุฌู‡ุฒุฉ ุงู„ุงุณุชุดุนุงุฑุŒ
02:55
and the computer on board will process this image,
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ูˆุณูˆู ูŠู‚ูˆู… ุงู„ูƒู…ุจูŠูˆุชุฑ ุจู…ุนุงู„ุฌุฉ ุงู„ุตูˆุฑุฉุŒ
02:58
and measure the size of each particle,
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ูˆู‚ูŠุงุณ ุญุฌู… ูƒู„ ุฌุณูŠู…ุŒ
03:00
so we have a rough estimate of how much plastic there is in the water.
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ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ู„ุฏูŠู†ุง ุชู‚ุฏูŠุฑ ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจูŠ ู„ูƒู…ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุจู„ุงุณุชูŠูƒ ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ุจุงู„ู…ูŠุงู‡.
03:05
So we documented this invention step by step
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ู„ุฐู„ูƒ ูˆุซู‚ู†ุง ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุงุฎุชุฑุงุน ุฎุทูˆุฉ ุจุฎุทูˆุฉ
03:08
on a website for inventors called Instructables,
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ุนู„ู‰ ู…ูˆู‚ุน ู„ู„ู…ุฎุชุฑุนูŠู† ูŠูุฏุนู‰ "ุงู†ุณุชุฑุงูƒุชุจู„"ุŒ
03:11
in the hope that somebody would make it even better.
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ุนู„ู‰ ุฃู…ู„ ุชุญุณูŠู†ู‡ ู…ู† ู‚ุจู„ ุฃุญุฏู‡ู….
03:15
What was really cool about this project was that the students saw a local problem,
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ู…ุง ุฃุนุฌุจู†ูŠ ุญู‚ุง ููŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ุดุฑูˆุน ู‡ูˆ ูุทู†ุฉ ุงู„ุฃุทูุงู„ ู„ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ู…ุญู„ูŠุฉุŒ
03:19
and boom -- they are trying to immediately address it.
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ูˆู…ุญุงูˆู„ุชู‡ู… ู…ุนุงู„ุฌุชู‡ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ููˆุฑ.
03:22
[I can investigate my local problem]
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[ุจุฅู…ูƒุงู†ูŠ ุฃู† ุฃุชุญู‚ู‚ ู…ู† ู…ุดูƒู„ุชูŠ ุงู„ู…ุญู„ูŠุฉ]
03:24
But my students in Hong Kong are hyperconnected kids.
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ูˆู„ูƒู† ุชู„ุงู…ุฐุชูŠ ููŠ ู‡ูˆู†ุบ ูƒูˆู†ุบ ุฏุงุฆู…ุง ู…ุง ูƒุงู†ูˆุง ุนู„ู‰ ุนู„ู… ุจูƒู„ ุงู„ุชุญุฏูŠุซุงุช.
03:28
And they watch the news, they watch the Internet,
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ูˆูŠุดุงู‡ุฏูˆู† ุงู„ุฃุฎุจุงุฑ ูˆุงู„ุฅู†ุชุฑู†ุชุŒ
03:30
and they came across this image.
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ูˆุชูˆุตู„ูˆุง ุฅู„ู‰ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุตูˆุฑุฉ.
03:33
This was a child, probably under 10, cleaning up an oil spill bare-handed,
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ู‡ุฐุง ุทูู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฃุฑุฌุญ ุนู…ุฑู‡ ุฃู‚ู„ ู…ู† 10 ุณู†ูˆุงุชุŒ ูŠู‚ูˆู… ุจุชู†ุธูŠู ุชุณุฑู‘ุจ ู†ูุท ูˆ ู‡ูˆุนุงุฑูŠ ุงู„ูŠุฏูŠู†ุŒ
03:38
in the Sundarbans, which is the world's largest mangrove forest in Bangladesh.
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ููŠ ุณูˆู†ุฏุงุฑุจุงู†ุณุŒ ูˆู‡ูŠ ุฃูƒุจุฑ ุบุงุจุฉ ู„ุดุฌุฑ ุงู„ู…ู†ุบุฑูˆู ููŠ ุจู†ุบู„ุงุฏูŠุด.
03:43
So they were very shocked,
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ู„ุฐู„ูƒ ูƒุงู†ูˆุง ู…ุตุฏูˆู…ูŠู†ุŒ
03:45
because this is the water they drink, this is the water they bathe in,
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ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ูƒุงู† ุฐู„ูƒ ุงู„ู…ุงุก ุงู„ุฐูŠ ูŠุดุฑุจูˆู†ู‡ ูˆูŠุณุชุญู…ูˆู† ุจู‡ุŒ
03:48
this is the water they fish in -- this is the place where they live.
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ูˆุงู„ู…ุงุก ุงู„ุฐูŠ ูŠุตุทุงุฏูˆู† ู…ู†ู‡ -- ู‡ุฐุง ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู…ูƒุงู† ุงู„ุฐูŠู† ูŠุนูŠุดูˆู† ููŠู‡.
03:52
And also you can see the water is brown, the mud is brown and oil is brown,
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ูƒู…ุง ูŠู…ูƒู†ูƒ ุฑุคูŠุฉ ุงู„ู„ูˆู† ุงู„ุจู†ูŠ ู„ูƒู„ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุงุก ูˆุงู„ุทูŠู† ูˆุงู„ู†ูุทุŒ
03:56
so when everything is mixed up,
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ู„ุฐุง ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ุชู…ุชุฒุฌ ู…ุนุงุŒ
03:57
it's really hard to see what's in the water.
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ูŠูุตุจุญ ู…ู† ุงู„ุตุนุจ ุฑุคูŠุฉ ู…ุง ูŠูˆุฌุฏ ุจุงู„ู…ุงุก.
04:00
But, there's a technology that's rather simple,
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ูˆู„ูƒู† ุชูˆุฌุฏ ุชู‚ู†ูŠุฉ ุจุณูŠุทุฉ ู†ูˆุนุง ู…ุงุŒ
04:02
that's called spectrometry,
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ูˆุชุณู…ู‘ู‰" ู‚ูŠุงุณ ุงู„ุทูŠู"ุŒ
04:04
that allows you see what's in the water.
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ุชูู…ูƒู‘ู†ูƒ ู‡ุฐู‡ ู…ู† ุฑุคูŠุฉ ู…ุง ูŠูˆุฌุฏ ุจุงู„ู…ุงุก.
04:06
So we built a rough prototype of a spectrometer,
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ู„ุฐู„ูƒ ู‚ู…ู†ุง ุจุตู†ุน ู†ู…ูˆุฐุฌ ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจูŠ ู„ุณุจูƒุชุฑูˆู…ุชุฑุŒ
04:09
and you can shine light through different substances
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ูˆูŠู…ูƒู†ูƒ ุชุณู„ูŠุท ุงู„ุถูˆุก ุนุจุฑ ุนุฏุฉ ู…ูˆุงุฏ
04:12
that produce different spectrums,
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ูˆุงู„ุฐูŠ ุณูŠู†ุชุฌ ุนู†ู‡ ุฃุทูŠุงู ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉุŒ
04:14
so that can help you identify what's in the water.
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ูˆู‡ูˆ ู…ุง ุณูŠู…ูƒู†ูƒ ู…ู† ุชุญุฏูŠุฏ ู…ุง ูŠูˆุฌุฏ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุงุก.
04:18
So we packed this prototype of a sensor,
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ู„ุฐู„ูƒ ูˆุถู‘ุจู†ุง ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู†ู…ูˆุฐุฌ ู…ู† ุฌู‡ุงุฒ ุงู„ุงุณุชุดุนุงุฑุŒ
04:21
and we shipped it to Bangladesh.
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ูˆู‚ู…ู†ุง ุจุฅุฑุณุงู„ู‡ ุฅู„ู‰ ุจู†ุบู„ุงุฏูŠุด.
04:23
So what was cool about this project
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ู…ุง ูƒุงู† ู…ู…ุชุนุง ุจุฎุตูˆุต ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ุดุฑูˆุน
04:25
was that beyond addressing a local problem,
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ุฃู†ู‡ ู„ู… ูŠุนุงู„ุฌ ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ู…ุญู„ูŠุฉุŒ
04:28
or looking at a local problem,
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ุฃูˆ ูŠู†ุธุฑ ููŠ ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ู…ุญู„ูŠุฉุŒ
04:30
my students used their empathy and their sense of being creative
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ูˆุฅู†ู…ุง ุงุณุชุฎุฏู… ุชู„ุงู…ุฐุชูŠ ุนุงุทูุชู‡ู… ูˆุญุณ ุงู„ุงุจุฏุงุน
04:34
to help, remotely, other kids.
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ู„ู…ุณุงุนุฏุฉ ุงู„ุฃุทูุงู„ ุงู„ุขุฎุฑูŠู† ุนู† ุจุนุฏ.
04:36
[I can investigate a remote problem]
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[ุจุฅู…ูƒุงู†ูŠ ุงุณุชูƒุดุงู ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ุจุนูŠุฏุฉ]
04:38
So I was very compelled by doing the second experiments,
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ู„ุฐู„ูƒ ูƒู†ุช ู…ุฌุจูˆุฑุง ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู‚ูŠุงู… ุจุชุฌุงุฑุจ ุฃุฎุฑู‰ุŒ
04:40
and I wanted to take it even further --
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ูˆุฃุฑุฏุช ุงู„ุฐู‡ุงุจ ุฅู„ู‰ ุฃุจุนุฏ ู…ู† ุฐู„ูƒ --
04:43
maybe addressing an even harder problem, and it's also closer to my heart.
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ุฑุจู…ุง ู…ุนุงู„ุฌุฉ ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ุฃูƒุจุฑ ูˆุฃุตุนุจุŒ ูˆุฐู„ูƒ ุฃู‚ุฑุจ ุฅู„ู‰ ู‚ู„ุจูŠ.
04:48
So I'm half Japanese and half French,
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ุฃู†ุง ู†ุตู ูŠุงุจุงู†ูŠ ูˆู†ุตู ูุฑู†ุณูŠุŒ
04:51
and maybe you remember in 2011 there was a massive earthquake in Japan.
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ูˆุฑุจู…ุง ุชุชุฐูƒุฑูˆู† ุงู„ุฒู„ุฒุงู„ ุงู„ู‡ุงุฆู„ ุงู„ุฐูŠ ุญุตู„ ููŠ ุงู„ูŠุงุจุงู† ููŠ 2011.
04:57
It was so violent that it triggered several giant waves --
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ู„ู‚ุฏ ูƒุงู† ุนู†ูŠูุง ุฌุฏุง ู„ุฏุฑุฌุฉ ุฃู†ู‡ ุฃุซุงุฑ ุนุฏุฉ ู…ูˆุฌุงุช ุนู…ู„ุงู‚ุฉ --
05:00
they are called tsunami --
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ูˆุณูู…ู‘ูŠ ุจุชุณูˆู†ุงู…ูŠ --
05:02
and those tsunami destroyed many cities on the eastern coast of Japan.
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ูˆู„ู‚ุฏ ุฏู…ุฑ ุชุณูˆู†ุงู…ูŠ ุงู„ุนุฏูŠุฏ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุฏู† ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุณุงุญู„ ุงู„ุดุฑู‚ูŠ ู„ู„ูŠุงุจุงู†.
05:10
More than 14,000 people died in an instant.
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ูˆููŠ ู„ุญุธุฉ ุชููˆูู‘ูŠ ุฃูƒุซุฑ ู…ู† 14000 ุดุฎุต.
05:15
Also, it damaged the nuclear power plant of Fukushima,
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ูƒู…ุง ุฏู…ุฑุช ู…ุญุทุฉ ุชูˆู„ูŠุฏ ุงู„ุทุงู‚ุฉ ุงู„ู†ูˆูˆูŠุฉ ููŠ ููˆูƒูˆุดูŠู…ุงุŒ
05:19
the nuclear power plant just by the water.
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ุชู… ุชุฏู…ูŠุฑ ุงู„ู…ุญุทุฉ ูู‚ุท ุจุงู„ู…ุงุก.
05:22
And today, I read the reports
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ูˆุงู„ูŠูˆู… ู‚ุฑุฃุช ุงู„ุชู‚ุงุฑูŠุฑ
05:24
and an average of 300 tons
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ุญูŠุซ ูŠุชุณุฑุจ ู‚ุฑุงุจุฉ 300 ุทู†
05:28
are leaking from the nuclear power plant into the Pacific Ocean.
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ู…ู† ู…ุญุทุฉ ุชูˆู„ูŠุฏ ุงู„ุทุงู‚ุฉ ุงู„ู†ูˆูˆูŠุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุญูŠุท ุงู„ู‡ุงุฏูŠ.
05:31
And today the whole Pacific Ocean has traces of contamination of cesium-137.
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ูˆุงู„ูŠูˆู… ู„ุง ุฒุงู„ุช ุขุซุงุฑุณูŠุฒูŠูˆู… 137 ุจุงู„ู…ุญูŠุท ุงู„ู‡ุงุฏูŠ ุจุฃูƒู…ู„ู‡.
05:38
If you go outside on the West Coast, you can measure Fukushima everywhere.
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ุฅุฐุง ุฐู‡ุจุช ุฎุงุฑุฌ ุงู„ุณุงุญู„ ุงู„ุบุฑุจูŠุŒ ุจุฅู…ูƒุงู†ูƒ ู‚ูŠุงุณ ููˆูƒูˆุดูŠู…ุง ููŠ ูƒู„ ู…ูƒุงู†.
05:42
But if you look at the map, it can look like most of the radioactivity
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ูˆู„ูƒู† ุฅุฐุง ู†ุธุฑุช ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฎุฑูŠุทุฉุŒ ูŠุจุฏูˆ ุฃู† ู…ุนุธู… ุงู„ู†ุดุงุท ุงู„ุฅุดุนุงุนูŠ
05:45
has been washed away from the Japanese coast,
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ู‚ุฏ ุงุถู…ุญู„ู‘ ู…ู† ุงู„ุณุงุญู„ ุงู„ูŠุงุจุงู†ูŠุŒ
05:47
and most of it is now -- it looks like it's safe, it's blue.
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ูˆูŠุจุฏูˆ ุขู…ู†ุง ูˆุฃุฒุฑู‚ ุงู„ู„ูˆู†.
05:50
Well, reality is a bit more complicated than this.
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ููŠ ุงู„ูˆุงู‚ุนุŒ ุงู„ุญู‚ูŠู‚ุฉ ู…ุนู‚ุฏุฉ ุฃูƒุซุฑ ู…ู…ุง ุชุจุฏูˆ ุนู„ูŠู‡.
05:54
So I've been going to Fukushima every year since the accident,
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ู„ู‚ุฏ ูƒู†ุช ุฃุฐู‡ุจ ุฅู„ู‰ ููƒูˆุดูŠู…ุง ูƒู„ ุนุงู… ู…ู†ุฐ ุงู„ุญุงุฏุซุŒ
05:57
and I measure independently and with other scientists,
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ูˆุฃู‚ูˆู… ุจุงู„ู‚ูŠุงุณ ู„ูˆุญุฏูŠ ูˆุจุตุญุจุฉ ุนู„ู…ุงุก ุขุฎุฑูŠู†ุŒ
06:00
on land, in the river --
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ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฃุฑุถ ูˆููŠ ุงู„ู†ู‡ุฑ --
06:02
and this time we wanted to take the kids.
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ูˆู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ุฑุฉ ุฃุฑุฏุช ุฅุญุถุงุฑ ุงู„ุฃุทูุงู„ ู…ุนูŠ.
06:05
So of course we didn't take the kids, the parents wouldn't allow that to happen.
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ูˆู„ูƒู† ุจุงู„ุทุจุน ู„ู… ู†ุตุทุญุจู‡ู… ู„ุฃู† ุฃู‡ู„ู‡ู… ู„ู† ูŠูˆุงูู‚ูˆุง ุนู„ู‰ ุฐู„ูƒ ุจุงู„ุทุจุน.
06:08
(Laughter)
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(ุถุญูƒ)
06:10
But every night we would report to "Mission Control" --
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ูˆู„ูƒู† ูƒู„ ู„ูŠู„ุฉ ู†ู‚ูˆู… ุจุชู‚ุฑูŠุฑ ุฅู„ู‰ "ูˆุญุฏุฉ ู…ุฑุงู‚ุจุฉ ุงู„ู…ู‡ู…ุฉ" --
06:14
different masks they're wearing.
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ู…ุฎุชู„ู ุงู„ุฃู‚ู†ุนุฉ ุงู„ุชูŠ ูŠุฑุชุฏูˆู†ู‡ุง.
06:16
It could look like they didn't take the work seriously, but they really did
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ูŠุจุฏูˆ ุฃู†ู‡ู… ู„ู… ูŠุฃุฎุฐูˆุง ุงู„ุนู…ู„ ุนู„ู‰ ู…ุญู…ู„ ุงู„ุฌุฏ ูˆู„ูƒู†ู‡ู… ุจุงู„ูุนู„ ู‚ุงู…ูˆุง ุจุฐู„ูƒ
06:20
because they're going to have to live with radioactivity their whole life.
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ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ุณูŠุชูˆุฌุจ ุนู„ูŠู‡ู… ุงู„ุนูŠุด ู…ุน ุงู„ู†ุดุงุท ุงู„ุฅุดุนุงุนูŠ ุทูˆุงู„ ุญูŠุงุชู‡ู….
06:25
And so what we did with them
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ูˆู…ุง ุงู„ุฐูŠ ู‚ู…ู†ุง ุจู‡ ู…ุนู‡ู…
06:27
is that we'd discuss the data we collected that day,
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ู‡ูˆ ู…ู†ุงู‚ุดุฉ ุงู„ุจูŠุงู†ุงุช ุงู„ุชูŠ ู‚ู…ู†ุง ุจุชุฌู…ูŠุนู‡ุง ููŠ ุฐู„ูƒ ุงู„ูŠูˆู…ุŒ
06:30
and talk about where we should be going next --
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ูˆู…ู†ุงู‚ุดุฉ ุงู„ุฎุทูˆุฉ ุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠุฉ --
06:32
strategy, itinerary, etc...
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ุงู„ุงุณุชุฑุงุชูŠุฌูŠุฉ ูˆุงู„ู…ุฎุทุทุŒ ...ุงู„ุฎ
06:34
And to do this, we built a very rough topographical map
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ูˆู„ู„ู‚ูŠุงู… ุจุฐู„ูƒุŒ ู‚ู…ู†ุง ุจุจู†ุงุก ุฎุฑูŠุทุฉ ุทุจูˆุบุฑุงููŠุฉ
06:38
of the region around the nuclear power plant.
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ู„ู„ู…ู†ุทู‚ุฉ ุญูˆู„ ู…ุญุทุฉ ุชูˆู„ูŠุฏ ุงู„ุทุงู‚ุฉ ุงู„ู†ูˆูˆูŠุฉ.
06:41
And so we built the elevation map,
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ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ู‚ู…ู†ุง ุจุจู†ุงุก ุฎุฑูŠุทุฉ ุงู„ุงุฑุชูุงุนุŒ
06:43
we sprinkled pigments to represent real-time data for radioactivity,
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ูˆู„ู‚ุฏ ู‚ู…ู†ุง ุจูˆุถุน ุงู„ุทู„ุงุก ู„ุชู…ุซูŠู„ ุจูŠุงู†ุงุช ุงู„ู†ุดุงุท ุงู„ุฅุดุนุงุนูŠุŒ
06:47
and we sprayed water to simulate the rainfall.
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ูˆู‚ู…ู†ุง ุจุฑุด ุงู„ู…ุงุก ู„ุชู…ุซูŠู„ ู‡ุทูˆู„ ุงู„ุฃู…ุทุงุฑ.
06:52
And with this we could see that the radioactive dust
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ูˆุจู‡ุฐุง ูŠูู…ูƒู† ุฃู† ู†ุฑู‰ ุจุฃู† ุงู„ุบุจุงุฑ ุงู„ู…ูุดุน
06:55
was washing from the top of the mountain into the river system,
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ุจุฏุฃ ูŠู†ุญุฏุฑ ู…ู† ู‚ู…ุฉ ุงู„ุฌุจู„ ูˆุตูˆู„ุง ุฅู„ู‰ ู†ุธุงู… ุงู„ู†ู‡ุฑุŒ
06:58
and leaking into the ocean.
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ุซู… ูŠุชุณุฑุจ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ุญูŠุท.
06:59
So it was a rough estimate.
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ูƒุงู† ุฐู„ูƒ ุชู‚ุฏูŠุฑุง ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจูŠุง.
07:02
But with this in mind, we organized this expedition,
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ูˆู„ูƒู† ู…ุน ุฃุฎุฐ ู‡ุฐุง ููŠ ุงู„ุงุนุชุจุงุฑุŒ ู†ุธู…ู†ุง ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุญู…ู„ุฉุŒ
07:05
which was the closest civilians have been to the nuclear power plant.
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ุญูŠุซ ูƒุงู† ุงู„ู…ูˆุงุทู†ูˆู† ู‚ุฑูŠุจูŠู† ุฌุฏุง ู…ู† ู…ุญุทุฉ ุชูˆู„ูŠุฏ ุงู„ุทุงู‚ุฉ ุงู„ู†ูˆูˆูŠุฉ.
07:09
We are sailing 1.5 kilometers away from the nuclear power plant,
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ู„ู‚ุฏ ูƒู†ุง ู†ูุจุญุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ุจุนุฏ 1.5 ูƒู… ู…ู† ู…ุญุทุฉ ุชูˆู„ูŠุฏ ุงู„ุทุงู‚ุฉ ุงู„ู†ูˆูˆูŠุฉุŒ
07:13
and with the help of the local fisherman,
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ูˆุจู…ุณุงุนุฏุฉ ุงู„ุตูŠุงุฏูŠู† ุงู„ู…ุญู„ูŠูŠู†ุŒ
07:15
we are collecting sediment from the seabed
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ู‚ู…ู†ุง ุจุฌู…ุน ุงู„ุฑูˆุงุณุจ ู…ู† ู‚ุงุน ุงู„ุจุญุฑ
07:17
with a custom sediment sampler we've invented and built.
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ูˆูู‚ุง ู„ู…ูˆุงุตูุงุช ุนูŠู†ุงุช ู…ู† ุงู„ุฑูˆุงุณุจ ู‚ู…ู†ุง ุจุงุฎุชุฑุงุนู‡ุง ูˆุตู†ุนู‡ุง.
07:21
We pack the sediment into small bags,
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ุฌู…ุนู†ุง ุงู„ุฑูˆุงุณุจ ููŠ ุฃูƒูŠุงุณ ุตุบูŠุฑุฉุŒ
07:24
we then dispatch them to hundreds of small bags
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ุซู… ู‚ุณู‘ู…ู†ุงู‡ู… ุนู„ู‰ ู…ุฆุงุช ุงู„ุฃูƒูŠุงุณ ุงู„ุตุบูŠุฑุฉ
07:26
that we send to different universities,
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ุงู„ุชูŠ ู‚ู…ู†ุง ุจุฅุฑุณุงู„ู‡ุง ุฅู„ู‰ ู…ุฎุชู„ู ุงู„ุฌุงู…ุนุงุชุŒ
07:28
and we produce the map of the seabed radioactivity,
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ูˆู‚ู…ู†ุง ุจุตู†ุน ุฎุฑูŠุทุฉ ู„ู„ู†ุดุงุท ุงู„ุฅุดุนุงุนูŠ ู„ู‚ุงุน ุงู„ุจุญุฑุŒ
07:31
especially in estuaries where the fish will reproduce,
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ุฎุตูˆุตุง ููŠ ู…ุตุจุงุช ุงู„ุฃู†ู‡ุงุฑ ุญูŠุซ ุชุชูƒุงุซุฑ ุงู„ุฃุณู…ุงูƒุŒ
07:34
and I will hope that we will have improved
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ูˆู†ุฃู…ู„ ุจุฃู†ู†ุง ู‚ุฏ ู‚ู…ู†ุง ุจุชุญุณูŠู†
07:36
the safety of the local fishermen and of your favorite sushi.
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ุณู„ุงู…ุฉ ุงู„ุตูŠุงุฏูŠู† ุงู„ู…ุญู„ูŠูŠู† ูˆุงู„ุณูˆุดูŠ ุงู„ู…ูุถู„ ู„ุฏูŠูƒู….
07:39
(Laughter)
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(ุถุญูƒ)
07:40
You can see a progression here --
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ุจุฅู…ูƒุงู†ูƒู… ุฑุคูŠุฉ ุชุทูˆุฑ ู‡ู†ุง --
07:42
we've gone from a local problem to a remote problem to a global problem.
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ุงู†ุทู„ู‚ู†ุง ู…ู† ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ู…ุญู„ูŠุฉ ุฅู„ู‰ ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ุจุนูŠุฏุฉ ุฅู„ู‰ ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ุนุงู„ู…ูŠุฉ.
07:47
And it's been super exciting to work at these different scales,
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ูˆู„ู‚ุฏ ูƒุงู† ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ู…ุชุน ุงู„ุนู…ู„ ุนู„ู‰ ู…ุฎุชู„ู ุงู„ู…ุณุชูˆูŠุงุชุŒ
07:50
with also very simple, open-source technologies.
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ุจุงุณุชุนู…ุงู„ ุชู‚ู†ูŠุงุช ุจุณูŠุทุฉ.
07:53
But at the same time, it's been increasingly frustrating
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ูˆู„ูƒู† ููŠ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ูˆู‚ุชุŒ ูƒุงู† ุฐู„ูƒ ู…ุญุจุทุง ุนู„ู‰ ู†ุญูˆ ู…ุชุฒุงูŠุฏ
07:57
because we have only started to measure the damage that we have done.
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ู„ุฃู†ู†ุง ู‚ู…ู†ุง ุจู‚ูŠุงุณ ุงู„ุถุฑุฑ ุงู„ุฐูŠ ุชุณุจุจู†ุง ุจู‡.
08:00
We haven't even started to try to solve the problems.
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ู„ู… ู†ุจุฏุฃ ุญุชู‰ ููŠ ุฅูŠุฌุงุฏ ุญู„ ู„ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ุดุงูƒู„.
08:05
And so I wonder if we should just take a leap
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ูˆุฃุชุณุงุกู„ ู…ุง ุฅุฐุง ูŠู†ุจุบูŠ ุงู„ู‚ูŠุงู… ุจู‚ูุฒุฉ
08:08
and try to invent better ways to do all these things.
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ูˆุชุฌุฑุจุฉ ุงุฎุชุฑุงุน ุทุฑู‚ ุฃูุถู„ ู„ู„ู‚ูŠุงู… ุจูƒู„ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฃุดูŠุงุก.
08:13
And so the classroom started to feel a little bit small,
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ู„ุฐู„ูƒ ุจุฏุฃู†ุง ู†ุดุนุฑ ุจุตุบุฑ ุญุฌู… ุงู„ู‚ุณู…ุŒ
08:17
so we found an industrial site in Hong Kong,
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ุญูŠุซ ูˆุฌุฏู†ุง ู…ูˆู‚ุนุง ุตู†ุงุนูŠุง ููŠ ู‡ูˆู†ุบ ูƒูˆู†ุบุŒ
08:19
and we turned it into the largest mega-space
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ูˆุญูˆู„ู†ุงู‡ ุฅู„ู‰ ู…ุณุงุญุฉ ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ ุชู‡ุชู…
08:23
focused on social and environmental impact.
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ุจุงู„ุฃุซุฑ ุงู„ุงุฌุชู…ุงุนูŠ ูˆุงู„ุจูŠุฆูŠ.
08:26
It's in central Hong Kong,
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ุญูŠุซ ูŠู‚ุน ุจูˆุณุท ู‡ูˆู†ุบ ูƒูˆู†ุบุŒ
08:27
and it's a place we can work with wood, metal, chemistry,
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ูˆู‡ูˆ ู…ูƒุงู† ู†ุณุชุทูŠุน ุฃู† ู†ุนู…ู„ ููŠู‡ ุจุงู„ุฎุดุจ ูˆุงู„ู…ุนุฏู† ูˆุงู„ูƒูŠู…ูŠุงุกุŒ
08:30
a bit of biology, a bit of optics,
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ู‚ู„ูŠู„ุง ู…ู† ุงู„ุจูŠูˆู„ูˆุฌูŠุง ูˆุนู„ู… ุงู„ุจุตุฑูŠุงุชุŒ
08:32
basically you can build pretty much everything there.
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ูŠู…ูƒู†ูƒ ุฃู† ุชุจู†ูŠ ูƒู„ ุดูŠุก ู‡ู†ุงูƒ.
08:35
And its a place where adults and kids can play together.
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ูˆู‡ูˆ ู…ูƒุงู† ุญูŠุซ ูŠู…ูƒู† ู„ูƒู„ ุงู„ุจุงู„ุบูŠู† ูˆุงู„ุฃุทูุงู„ ุงู„ู„ุนุจ ู…ุนุง.
08:38
It's a place where kids' dreams can come true,
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ู‡ูˆ ู…ูƒุงู† ุญูŠุซ ูŠู…ูƒู† ู„ุฃุญู„ุงู… ุงู„ุฃุทูุงู„ ุฃู† ุชุชุญู‚ู‚ุŒ
08:41
with the help of adults,
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ุจู…ุณุงุนุฏุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ุจุงู„ุบูŠู†ุŒ
08:43
and where adults can be kids again.
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ูˆ ูŠู…ูƒู† ู„ู„ุจุงู„ุบูŠู† ุฃู† ูŠุนูˆุฏูˆุง ุฃุทูุงู„ุง .
08:44
Student: Acceleration! Acceleration!
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ุงู„ุชู„ุงู…ุฐุฉ: ุฃุณุฑุน ! ุฃุณุฑุน !
08:48
Cesar Harada: We're asking questions such as,
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ุณูŠุฒุงุฑ ู‡ุงุฑุงุฏุง: ู†ุณุฃู„ ุฃุณุฆู„ุฉ ู…ุซู„ุŒ
08:50
can we invent the future of mobility with renewable energy?
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ู‡ู„ ูŠู…ูƒู†ู†ุง ุงุฎุชุฑุงุน ู…ุณุชู‚ุจู„ "ุงู„ุชู†ู‚ู„" ุจุงุณุชุนู…ุงู„ ุงู„ุทุงู‚ุฉ ุงู„ู…ุชุฌุฏุฏุฉุŸ
08:53
For example.
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ุนู„ู‰ ุณุจูŠู„ ุงู„ู…ุซุงู„.
08:55
Or, can we help the mobility of the aging population
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ุฃูˆุŒ ู‡ู„ ูŠู…ูƒู†ู†ุง ุงู„ู…ุณุงุนุฏุฉ ููŠ ุชู†ู‚ู„ ุงู„ูุฆุฉ ุงู„ู…ุณู†ุฉ
08:59
by transforming very standard wheelchairs into cool, electric vehicles?
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ุจุชุญูˆูŠู„ ุงู„ูƒุฑุงุณูŠ ุงู„ู…ุชุญุฑูƒุฉ ุงู„ุนุงุฏูŠุฉ ุฅู„ู‰ ุณูŠุงุฑุงุช ูƒู‡ุฑุจุงุฆูŠุฉ ู…ู…ุชุนุฉุŸ
09:05
So plastic, oil and radioactivity are horrible, horrible legacies,
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ุฅุฐู† ูŠูู…ุซู‘ู„ ูƒู„ู‘ ู…ู† ุงู„ุจู„ุงุณุชูŠูƒ ูˆุงู„ู†ูุท ูˆุงู„ู†ุดุงุท ุงู„ุฅุดุนุงุนูŠ ุฅุฑุซุง ู…ูุฑูˆู‘ุนุงุŒ
09:11
but the very worst legacy that we can leave our children is lies.
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ูˆู„ูƒู† ุฃูุธุน ุฅุฑุซ ูŠูู…ูƒู† ุฃู† ู†ุชุฑูƒู‡ ู„ุฃุทูุงู„ู†ุง ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุฃูƒุงุฐูŠุจ.
09:16
We can no longer afford to shield the kids from the ugly truth
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ู„ุง ูŠู…ูƒู†ู†ุง ุชูˆููŠุฑ ุงู„ุญู…ุงูŠุฉ ู„ุฃุทูุงู„ู†ุง ู…ู† ุงู„ุญู‚ูŠู‚ุฉ ุงู„ู…ุฑุฉ
09:22
because we need their imagination to invent the solutions.
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ู„ุฃู†ู†ุง ููŠ ุญุงุฌุฉ ุฅู„ู‰ ู…ุฎูŠู„ุชู‡ู… ู„ุงุจุชูƒุงุฑ ุงู„ุญู„ูˆู„.
09:26
So citizen scientists, makers, dreamers --
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ุณูˆุงุก ูƒู†ุง ุนู„ู…ุงุก ูˆุตู†ู‘ุงุน ูˆุญุงู„ู…ูŠู† -- ุงู‚ุชุจุงุณ"ุงู„ุฎูŠุงู„ ุฃู‡ู… ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุนุฑูุฉ" ุขูŠู†ุดุชุงูŠู†
09:31
we must prepare the next generation
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ูŠุฌุจ ุนู„ูŠู†ุง ุฅุนุฏุงุฏ ุงู„ุฌูŠู„ ุงู„ู‚ุงุฏู…
09:34
that cares about the environment and people,
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ุงู„ุฐูŠ ูŠู‡ุชู… ุจุงู„ู†ุงุณ ูˆุงู„ุจูŠุฆุฉุŒ
09:37
and that can actually do something about it.
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ูˆูŠู…ูƒู†ู†ุง ุจุงู„ูุนู„ ุงู„ู‚ูŠุงู… ุจุดูŠุก ุญูŠุงู„ ุฐู„ูƒ.
09:40
Thank you.
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ุดูƒุฑุง ู„ูƒู….
09:41
(Applause)
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(ุชุตููŠู‚)
ุญูˆู„ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ูˆู‚ุน

ุณูŠู‚ุฏู… ู„ูƒ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ูˆู‚ุน ู…ู‚ุงุทุน ููŠุฏูŠูˆ YouTube ุงู„ู…ููŠุฏุฉ ู„ุชุนู„ู… ุงู„ู„ุบุฉ ุงู„ุฅู†ุฌู„ูŠุฒูŠุฉ. ุณุชุฑู‰ ุฏุฑูˆุณ ุงู„ู„ุบุฉ ุงู„ุฅู†ุฌู„ูŠุฒูŠุฉ ุงู„ุชูŠ ูŠุชู… ุชุฏุฑูŠุณู‡ุง ู…ู† ู‚ุจู„ ู…ุฏุฑุณูŠู† ู…ู† ุงู„ุฏุฑุฌุฉ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ู‰ ู…ู† ุฌู…ูŠุน ุฃู†ุญุงุก ุงู„ุนุงู„ู…. ุงู†ู‚ุฑ ู†ู‚ุฑู‹ุง ู…ุฒุฏูˆุฌู‹ุง ููˆู‚ ุงู„ุชุฑุฌู…ุฉ ุงู„ุฅู†ุฌู„ูŠุฒูŠุฉ ุงู„ู…ุนุฑูˆุถุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ูƒู„ ุตูุญุฉ ููŠุฏูŠูˆ ู„ุชุดุบูŠู„ ุงู„ููŠุฏูŠูˆ ู…ู† ู‡ู†ุงูƒ. ูŠุชู… ุชู…ุฑูŠุฑ ุงู„ุชุฑุฌู…ุงุช ุจุงู„ุชุฒุงู…ู† ู…ุน ุชุดุบูŠู„ ุงู„ููŠุฏูŠูˆ. ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ู„ุฏูŠูƒ ุฃูŠ ุชุนู„ูŠู‚ุงุช ุฃูˆ ุทู„ุจุงุช ุŒ ูŠุฑุฌู‰ ุงู„ุงุชุตุงู„ ุจู†ุง ุจุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู… ู†ู…ูˆุฐุฌ ุงู„ุงุชุตุงู„ ู‡ุฐุง.

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