Peter Attia: What if we're wrong about diabetes?

2,691,130 views ใƒป 2013-06-25

TED


ูŠุฑุฌู‰ ุงู„ู†ู‚ุฑ ู†ู‚ุฑู‹ุง ู…ุฒุฏูˆุฌู‹ุง ููˆู‚ ุงู„ุชุฑุฌู…ุฉ ุงู„ุฅู†ุฌู„ูŠุฒูŠุฉ ุฃุฏู†ุงู‡ ู„ุชุดุบูŠู„ ุงู„ููŠุฏูŠูˆ.

00:00
Translator: Joseph Geni Reviewer: Morton Bast
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ุงู„ู…ุชุฑุฌู…: shatha almweisheer ุงู„ู…ุฏู‚ู‘ู‚: Emad Ahmad
00:12
I'll never forget that day
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ู„ู† ุฃู†ุณู‰ ุฐู„ูƒ ุงู„ูŠูˆู…
00:13
back in the spring of 2006.
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ููŠ ุฑุจูŠุน ุนุงู… 2006
00:17
I was a surgical resident
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ูƒู†ุช ุทุจูŠุจุงู‹ ู…ู‚ูŠู…ุงู‹ ููŠ ู‚ุณู… ุงู„ุฌุฑุงุญุฉ
00:19
at The Johns Hopkins Hospital,
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ููŠ ู…ุณุชุดูู‰ ุฌูˆู† ู‡ูˆุจูƒู†ุฒ
00:21
taking emergency call.
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ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ุชู„ู‚ู‘ูŠุช ู…ูƒุงู„ู…ุฉ ุทุงุฑุฆุฉ
00:23
I got paged by the E.R. around 2 in the morning
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ู…ู† ู‚ุณู… ุงู„ุทูˆุงุฑุฆ ุญูˆุงู„ูŠ ุงู„ุณุงุนุฉ ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠุฉ ุตุจุงุญุงู‹
00:26
to come and see a woman with a diabetic ulcer
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ู„ุฃุญุถุฑ ุจุนุฏู‡ุง ูˆุฃุฑู‰ ุงู…ุฑุฃุฉ ู…ุตุงุจุฉ ุจุงู„ู‚ุฑุญุฉ ุงู„ุณูƒู‘ุฑูŠุฉ
00:28
on her foot.
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ููŠ ู‚ุฏู…ู‡ุง.
00:30
I can still remember sort of that smell of rotting flesh
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ู…ุง ุฒู„ุช ุฃุชุฐูƒุฑ ุดูŠุฆุงู‹ ู…ู† ุฑุงุฆุญุฉ ุงู„ู„ุญู… ุงู„ู…ุชุนูู† ููŠ ู‚ุฏู…ู‡ุง
00:34
as I pulled the curtain back to see her.
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ูˆุฃู†ุง ุฃูุชุญ ุงู„ุณุชุงุฑุฉ ู„ุฃุฑุงู‡ุง.
00:38
And everybody there agreed this woman was very sick
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ุงู„ุฌู…ูŠุน ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ูƒุงู† ูŠุนู„ู… ุฃู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ุฑุฃุฉ ู…ุฑูŠุถุฉ ุฌุฏุงู‹
00:40
and she needed to be in the hospital.
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ูˆุฃู†ู‡ุง ุจุญุงุฌุฉ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ุจู‚ุงุก ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุณุชุดูู‰
00:41
That wasn't being asked.
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ูู„ู… ูŠูƒู† ุฐู„ูƒ ุจุญุงุฌุฉ ุฅู„ู‰ ุณุคุงู„.
00:43
The question that was being asked of me was a different one,
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ู„ูƒู† ุงู„ุณุคุงู„ ุงู„ุฐูŠ ูƒุงู† ุนู„ูŠ ุฃู† ุฃุณุฃู„ู‡ ู†ูุณูŠ
00:45
which was, did she also need an amputation?
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ู‡ูˆ ุŒ ู‡ู„ ุชุญุชุงุฌ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ุฑูŠุถุฉ ุฃูŠุถุงู‹ ุฅู„ู‰ ุจุชุฑ ู„ู‚ุฏู…ู‡ุง ุŸ
00:49
Now, looking back on that night,
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ูˆุงู„ุขู† ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ุฃุนูˆุฏ ุจุฐุงูƒุฑุชูŠ ุฅู„ู‰ ุชู„ูƒ ุงู„ู„ูŠู„ุฉ
00:52
I'd love so desperately to believe that I treated that woman
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ุฃุชู…ู†ู‰ ูˆุจุดุฏุฉ ุฃู† ุฃุตุฏู‚ ุฃู†ูŠ ุนุงู„ุฌุช ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ุฑุฃุฉ
00:57
on that night with the same empathy and compassion
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ุจุงู„ู‚ุฏุฑ ุฐุงุชู‡ ู…ู† ุงู„ุดูู‚ุฉ ูˆุงู„ุชุนุงุทู
01:00
I'd shown the 27-year-old newlywed
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ุงู„ู„ุชูŠู† ุฃุธู‡ุฑุชู‡ู…ุง ู„ุชู„ูƒ ุงู„ู…ุฑุฃุฉ ุญุฏูŠุซุฉ ุงู„ุฒูˆุงุฌ ูˆุงู„ุชูŠ ูƒุงู†ุช ุชุจู„ุบ 27 ุนุงู…ุงู‹
01:04
who came to the E.R. three nights earlier
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ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ุฃุชุช ุฅู„ู‰ ู‚ุณู… ุงู„ุทูˆุงุฑุฆ ู‚ุจู„ู‡ุง ุจุซู„ุงุซ ู„ูŠุงู„ูŠ
01:06
with lower back pain
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ูˆู‡ูŠ ุชุนุงู†ูŠ ู…ู† ุขู„ุงู… ุฃุณูู„ ุงู„ุธู‡ุฑ
01:08
that turned out to be advanced pancreatic cancer.
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ู„ูŠุชุจูŠู‘ู† ุจุนุฏู‡ุง ุฃู†ู‡ุง ู…ุตุงุจุฉ ุจู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ ู…ุชู‚ุฏู…ุฉ ู…ู† ุณุฑุทุงู† ุงู„ุจู†ูƒุฑูŠุงุณ.
01:12
In her case, I knew there was nothing I could do
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ูƒู†ุช ุฃุนู„ู… ุฃู†ู‡ ู„ู… ูŠูƒู† ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ู…ุง ูŠู…ูƒู† ูุนู„ู‡
01:14
that was actually going to save her life.
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ู„ุฅู†ู‚ุงุฐ ุญูŠุงุชู‡ุง.
01:16
The cancer was too advanced.
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ูุงู„ู…ุฑุถ ูƒุงู† ููŠ ุญุงู„ุฉ ู…ุชู‚ุฏู…ุฉ ุฌุฏุงู‹.
01:18
But I was committed to making sure that
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ู„ูƒู†ู‘ูŠ ูƒู†ุช ู…ู„ุฒูู…ุงู‹ ู†ูุณูŠ
01:21
I could do anything possible to make her stay
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ุจุนู…ู„ ูƒู„ ู…ุง ู‡ูˆ ู…ู…ูƒู† ู„ุฃุฌุนู„ู‡ุง
01:23
more comfortable. I brought her a warm blanket
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ุชุดุนุฑ ุจุงู„ุฑุงุญุฉ. ุฌู„ุจุช ู„ู‡ุง ุจุทุงู†ูŠุฉ
01:26
and a cup of a coffee.
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ูˆูู†ุฌุงู† ู…ู† ุงู„ู‚ู‡ูˆุฉ.
01:28
I brought some for her parents.
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ูƒู…ุง ุฃุญุถุฑุช ุงู„ู‚ู‡ูˆุฉ ู„ูˆุงู„ุฏูŠู‡ุง ูƒุฐู„ูƒ.
01:31
But more importantly, see, I passed no judgment on her,
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ู„ูƒู† ุงู„ุฃู‡ู… ู…ู† ุฐู„ูƒ ู‡ูˆ ุฃู†ูŠ ูƒู…ุง ุชุฑูˆู† ู„ู… ุฃุทู„ู‚ ุฃุญูƒุงู…ูŠ ุฃูˆ ุขุฑุงุฆูŠ ุนู†ู‡ุง ุญูŠู†ู‡ุง
01:34
because obviously she had done nothing
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ูู„ู… ูŠูƒู† ู„ู‡ุง ูŠุฏ
01:36
to bring this on herself.
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ููŠ ุฃุตุงุจุชู‡ุง ุจุงู„ู…ุฑุถ.
01:38
So why was it that, just a few nights later,
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ุฅุฐุงู‹ ู„ู…ุงุฐุง ูˆุจุนุฏ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุญุงุฏุซุฉ ุจู„ูŠุงู„ ู‚ู„ูŠู„ุฉ
01:41
as I stood in that same E.R. and determined
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ูˆุฃู†ุง ุฃู‚ู ููŠ ู‚ุณู… ุงู„ุทูˆุงุฑุฆ ุฐุงุชู‡ ู„ุฃู‚ุฑุฑ
01:44
that my diabetic patient did indeed need an amputation,
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ุจุฃู† ู‚ุฏู… ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ุฑูŠุถุฉ ุชุญุชุงุฌ ูˆุจูƒู„ ุชุฃูƒูŠุฏ ุฅู„ู‰ ุจุชุฑ..
01:47
why did I hold her in such bitter contempt?
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ู„ู…ุงุฐุง ูƒุงู†ุช ู†ุธุฑุชูŠ ูˆุขุฑุงุฆูŠ ุนู†ู‡ุง ู…ุดูˆุจุฉ ุจู‚ู„ุฉ ุงู„ุงุญุชุฑุงู… ูˆุงู„ู‚ุณูˆุฉุŸ
01:51
You see, unlike the woman the night before,
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ูƒู…ุง ุชุฑูˆู†ุŒ ุจุฎู„ุงู ุงู„ู…ุฑูŠุถุฉ ุงู„ุชูŠ ู‚ุฏู…ุช ู‚ุจู„ู‡ุง ุจู„ูŠุงู„
01:54
this woman had type 2 diabetes.
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ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ุฑุฃุฉ ูƒุงู†ุช ู…ุตุงุจุฉ ุจุงู„ู†ูˆุน ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠ ู…ู† ุฏุงุก ุงู„ุณูƒุฑูŠ.
01:56
She was fat.
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ูƒุงู†ุช ุชุนุงู†ูŠ ู…ู† ุงู„ุณู…ู†ุฉ.
01:58
And we all know that's from eating too much
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ูˆูƒู„ู†ุง ูŠุนู„ู… ุฃู† ุณุจุจ ุฐู„ูƒ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุฅูุฑุงุท ููŠ ูƒู…ูŠุงุช ุงู„ุทุนุงู… ุงู„ู…ุชู†ุงูˆู„ุฉ
01:59
and not exercising enough, right?
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ูˆุนุฏู… ู…ู…ุงุฑุณุฉ ุงู„ุฑูŠุงุถุฉ ู„ูˆู‚ุช ูƒุงููŠุŒ ุฃู„ูŠุณ ูƒุฐู„ูƒุŸ
02:02
I mean, how hard can it be?
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ู…ุง ู…ุฏู‰ ุตุนูˆุจุฉ ุฐู„ูƒุŸ
02:04
As I looked down at her in the bed, I thought to myself,
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ุจูŠู†ู…ุง ุฃู†ุง ุฃู†ุธุฑ ุฅู„ูŠู‡ุง ูˆู‡ูŠ ู…ุณุชู„ู‚ูŠุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุณุฑูŠุฑู‡ุงุŒ ู‚ู„ุช ููŠ ู†ูุณูŠ
02:07
if you just tried caring even a little bit,
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ู„ูˆ ุฃู†ูƒ ูู‚ุท ุญุงูˆู„ุช ุงู„ุงู‡ุชู…ุงู… ู‚ู„ูŠู„ุงู‹
02:10
you wouldn't be in this situation at this moment
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ู…ุง ูƒู†ุชู ู„ุชูƒูˆู†ูŠ ููŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ูˆู‚ู ุงู„ุขู†
02:13
with some doctor you've never met
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ู…ุน ุทุจูŠุจ ู„ู… ูŠุณุจู‚ ู„ูƒ ุฃู† ู‚ุงุจู„ุชู‡
02:14
about to amputate your foot.
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ูˆู‡ูˆ ุนู„ู‰ ูˆุดูƒ ุจุชุฑ ู‚ุฏู…ูƒ.
02:18
Why did I feel justified in judging her?
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ู„ู…ุงุฐุง ุดุนุฑุช ุจุงู„ุฅู†ุตุงู ุญูŠู†ู‡ุง ูˆุฃู†ุง ุฃุทู„ู‚ ุฃุญูƒุงู…ูŠ ูˆุขุฑุงุฆูŠ ุนู†ู‡ุงุŸ
02:22
I'd like to say I don't know.
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ุฅู†ู‘ูŠ ุฃุชู…ู†ู‰ ุฃู† ุฃู‚ูˆู„ ุจุฃู†ู‘ูŠ ู„ุง ุฃุนู„ู….
02:25
But I actually do.
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ู„ูƒู†ูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ุญู‚ูŠู‚ุฉ ุฃุนู„ู….
02:27
You see, in the hubris of my youth,
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ููŠ ุณู†ูˆุงุช ุดุจุงุจูŠ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ู‰
02:29
I thought I had her all figured out.
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ูƒู†ุช ุฃุนุชู‚ุฏ ุจุฃู†ูŠ ู…ุฏุฑูƒ ู„ุฌู…ูŠุน ุฌูˆุงู†ุจ ุญุงู„ุชู‡ุง ูˆู…ู† ู‡ู… ู…ุซู„ู‡ุง.
02:32
She ate too much. She got unlucky.
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ูƒุงู†ุช ุชุฃูƒู„ ุจูƒู…ูŠุงุช ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ ุŒ ูˆู„ุณูˆุก ุงู„ุญุธ
02:34
She got diabetes. Case closed.
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ุฃุตูŠุจุช ุจุฏุงุก ุงู„ุณูƒุฑูŠ. ู‡ุฐุง ูƒู„ ู…ุง ููŠ ุงู„ุฃู…ุฑุŒ ุงู†ุชู‡ุช ุงู„ู‚ุถูŠุฉ.
02:37
Ironically, at that time in my life,
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ุงู„ุฏุงุนูŠ ู„ู„ุณุฎุฑูŠุฉ ุฃู†ูŠ ููŠ ุชู„ูƒ ุงู„ูุชุฑุฉ ู…ู† ุญูŠุงุชูŠ
02:39
I was also doing cancer research,
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ูƒู†ุช ุฃุนู…ู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุจุญุซ ุนู† ู…ุฑุถ ุงู„ุณุฑุทุงู†
02:41
immune-based therapies for melanoma, to be specific,
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ู„ุฃูƒูˆู† ุฃูƒุซุฑ ุชุญุฏูŠุฏุงู‹ ุŒ ุนู† ุงู„ุนู„ุงุฌุงุช ุงู„ู…ุนุชู…ุฏุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ู†ุงุนุฉ ู„ุณุฑุทุงู† ุงู„ุฌู„ุฏ
02:43
and in that world I was actually taught to question everything,
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ูˆู‚ุฏ ุชุนู„ู…ุช ุขู†ุฐุงูƒ ุฃู† ุนู„ูŠู‘ ุฃู† ุฃุชุณุงุกู„ ุนู† ูƒู„ ุดูŠุกุŒ
02:47
to challenge all assumptions
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ุฃู† ุฃุชุญุฏู‰ ูˆุฃุฎุชุจุฑ ูƒู„ ุงู„ูุฑุถูŠู‘ุงุช
02:49
and hold them to the highest possible scientific standards.
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ูˆูู‚ุงู‹ ู„ู„ู…ุนุงูŠูŠุฑ ูˆุงู„ุฃุณุณ ุงู„ุนู„ู…ูŠุฉ.
02:53
Yet when it came to a disease like diabetes
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ูˆุนู†ุฏู…ุง ุชูˆู‚ู ุงู„ุฃู…ุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ู…ุฑุถ ูƒุงู„ุณูƒุฑูŠ
02:57
that kills Americans eight times more frequently than melanoma,
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ูˆุงู„ุฐูŠ ูŠุชุณุจุจ ููŠ ุงู„ูˆู„ุงูŠุงุช ุงู„ู…ุชุญุฏุฉ ุงู„ุฃู…ุฑูŠูƒูŠุฉ ููŠ ูˆูุงุฉ ู…ุฑุถู‰ ุฃูƒุซุฑ ุจุซู…ุงู† ู…ุฑุงุช ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุตุงุจูŠู† ุจุณุฑุทุงู† ุงู„ุฌู„ุฏ
03:00
I never once questioned the conventional wisdom.
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ู„ู… ุฃุชุณุงุกู„ ูŠูˆู…ุงู‹ ุนู† ุฃูŠ ู…ู…ุง ู‡ูˆ ู…ุชุนุงุฑู ุนู„ูŠู‡ ุนู† ุญู‚ุงุฆู‚ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ุฑุถ
03:04
I actually just assumed the pathologic sequence of events
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ููŠ ุงู„ุญู‚ูŠู‚ุฉุŒ ุฃู†ูŠ ุงูƒุชููŠุช ุจุงุนุชู‚ุงุฏ ุฃู† ุณู„ุณู„ุฉ ุงู„ุงุญุฏุงุซ ุงู„ู…ุฑุถูŠุฉ ุงู„ุชูŠ ุชุตุญุจ ู…ุฑุถ ุงู„ุณูƒุฑูŠ
03:07
was settled science.
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ู‡ูŠ ุนู„ู… ุซุงุจุช ู„ุง ุฌุฏุงู„ ููŠู‡.
03:09
Three years later, I found out how wrong I was.
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ุจุนุฏ ู…ุง ุญุฏุซ ุจุซู„ุงุซ ุณู†ูˆุงุช ุฃุฏุฑูƒุช ุจุฃู†ูŠ ูƒู†ุช ู…ุฎุทุฆุงู‹ ููŠู…ุง ุงุนุชู‚ุฏุช.
03:13
But this time, I was the patient.
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ูˆู„ูƒู† ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ุฑุฉ ุŒ ูƒู†ุช ุฃู†ุง ุงู„ู…ุฑูŠุถ.
03:15
Despite exercising three or four hours every single day,
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ุจุงู„ุฑุบู… ู…ู† ู…ู…ุงุฑุณุชูŠ ู„ู„ุฑูŠุงุถุฉ ู…ู† ุซู„ุงุซ ุฅู„ู‰ ุฃุฑุจุน ุณุงุนุงุช ูŠูˆู…ูŠุงู‹
03:19
and following the food pyramid to the letter,
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ูˆุงุชุจุงุนูŠ ู„ู„ู‡ุฑู… ุงู„ุบุฐุงุฆูŠ ุจูƒู„ ุฏู‚ุฉุŒ
03:22
I'd gained a lot of weight and developed something
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ุงุฒุฏุงุฏ ูˆุฒู†ูŠ ูˆุฃุตุจุช ุจู…ุง ูŠุณู…ู‰
03:24
called metabolic syndrome.
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ุจุงู„ู…ุชู„ุงุฒู…ุฉ ุงู„ุฃูŠุถูŠุฉ.
03:26
Some of you may have heard of this.
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ู‚ุฏ ูŠูƒูˆู† ุงู„ุงุณู… ู…ุฃู„ูˆูุงู‹ ู„ุฏู‰ ุงู„ุจุนุถ ู…ู†ูƒู….
03:28
I had become insulin-resistant.
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ุฃุตุจุญ ุฌุณู…ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู‡ุง ู…ู‚ุงูˆู…ุงู‹ ู„ู„ุฅู†ุณูˆู„ูŠู†.
03:31
You can think of insulin as this master hormone
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ูŠู…ูƒู†ูƒ ุงู„ุชููƒูŠุฑ ุจุงู„ุฅู†ุณูˆู„ูŠู† ุนู„ู‰ ุฃู†ู‡ ุงู„ู‡ุฑู…ูˆู† ุงู„ุฑุฆูŠุณูŠ
03:34
that controls what our body does with the foods we eat,
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ุงู„ุฐูŠ ูŠุชุญูƒู… ุจู…ุง ูŠูุนู„ู‡ ุงู„ุฌุณู… ุจุงู„ุบุฐุงุก ุงู„ุฐูŠ ู†ุชู†ุงูˆู„ู‡ุŒ
03:38
whether we burn it or store it.
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ุณูˆุงุก ุจุญุฑู‚ู‡ ุฃูˆ ุชุฎุฒูŠู†ู‡.
03:40
This is called fuel partitioning in the lingo.
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ูŠุณู…ู‰ ุฐู„ูƒ ุชู‚ุณูŠู… ุงู„ูˆู‚ูˆุฏ.
03:43
Now failure to produce enough insulin is incompatible with life.
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ุนุฏู… ู…ู‚ุฏุฑุฉ ุงู„ุฌุณู… ุนู„ู‰ ุฅูุฑุงุฒ ูƒู…ูŠุงุช ูƒุงููŠุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฅู†ุณูˆู„ูŠู† ูŠุชุนุงุฑุถ ู…ุน ู…ู…ุงุฑุณุชู‡ ู„ู„ุญูŠุงุฉ ุจุดูƒู„ ุทุจูŠุนูŠ.
03:46
And insulin resistance, as its name suggests,
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ูƒู…ุง ูŠุชุถุญ ู…ู† ุงู„ุงุณู… ูุฅู† ู…ู‚ุงูˆู…ุฉ ุงู„ุฅู†ุณูˆู„ูŠู† ุชุญุฏุซ
03:49
is when your cells get increasingly resistant
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ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ุชุฒุฏุงุฏ ู…ู‚ุงูˆู…ุฉ ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ
03:51
to the effect of insulin trying to do its job.
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ุชุฌุงู‡ ุนู…ู„ ู‡ุฑู…ูˆู† ุงู„ุฅู†ุณูˆู„ูŠู† ุจุดูƒู„ ุทุจูŠุนูŠ.
03:55
Once you're insulin-resistant,
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ููŠ ุญุงู„ ุฅุตุงุจุชูƒ ุจู…ู‚ุงูˆู…ุฉ ุงู„ุฅู†ุณูˆู„ูŠู†ุŒ
03:57
you're on your way to getting diabetes,
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ูุฃู†ุช ููŠ ุทุฑูŠู‚ูƒ ู„ู„ุฅุตุงุจุฉ ุจู…ุฑุถ ุงู„ุณูƒุฑูŠ.
03:58
which is what happens when your pancreas
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ูˆู‡ูˆ ู…ุง ูŠุญุฏุซ ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ู„ุง ูŠุชู…ูƒู† ุงู„ุจู†ูƒุฑูŠุงุณ
04:00
can't keep up with the resistance and make enough insulin.
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ู…ู† ุชุตู†ูŠุน ูƒู…ูŠุงุช ูƒุงููŠุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฅู†ุณูˆู„ูŠู† ู„ู„ุชุบู„ุจ ุนู„ู‰ ู…ู‚ุงูˆู…ุฉ ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ู„ุนู…ู„ู‡.
04:04
Now your blood sugar levels start to rise,
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ุนู†ุฏู‡ุง ูŠุจุฏุฃ ู…ุณุชูˆู‰ ุงู„ุณูƒุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ุฏู… ุจุงู„ุงุฑุชูุงุน
04:06
and an entire cascade of pathologic events
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ูˆุชู†ุดุฃ ุณู„ุณู„ุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฃุญุฏุงุซ ุงู„ู…ุฑุถูŠุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุฌุณู…
04:09
sort of spirals out of control that can lead to heart disease,
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ูˆุงู„ุชูŠ ู‚ุฏ ุชุคุฏูŠ ุฅู„ู‰ ุฃู…ุฑุงุถ ุงู„ู‚ู„ุจ
04:13
cancer, even Alzheimer's disease,
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ูˆุงู„ุณุฑุทุงู† ุŒ ูˆู…ุฑุถ ุงู„ุฒู‡ุงูŠู…ุฑ
04:16
and amputations, just like that woman a few years earlier.
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ูˆุจุชุฑ ุจุนุถ ุงู„ุฃุนุถุงุก ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ุญุงุฌุฉ ุŒ ุชู…ุงู…ุงู‹ ูƒู…ุง ุญุฏุซ ู…ุน ุชู„ูƒ ุงู„ู…ุฑุฃุฉ ู‚ุจู„ู‡ุง ุจุณู†ูˆุงุช ู‚ู„ูŠู„ุฉ.
04:21
With that scare, I got busy changing my diet radically,
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ู…ุน ุดุนูˆุฑูŠ ุจุงู„ุฎูˆู ู…ู† ูƒู„ ุฐู„ูƒ ู‚ู…ุช ุจุชุบูŠูŠุฑ ู†ุธุงู…ูŠ ุงู„ุบุฐุงุฆูŠ ุจุดูƒู„ ุฌุฐุฑูŠ
04:24
adding and subtracting things most of you would find
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ุนู† ุทุฑูŠู‚ ุฅุถุงูุฉ ูˆุญุฐู ุฃุทุนู…ุฉ ู‚ุฏ ูŠุฑู‰ ู…ุนุธู…ูƒู…
04:26
almost assuredly shocking.
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ุจุฃู†ู‡ุง ู…ูุงุฌูุฆูŽุฉ.
04:29
I did this and lost 40 pounds, weirdly while exercising less.
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ูุนู„ุช ุฐู„ูƒ ู„ุฃุฎุณุฑ ุจุนุฏู‡ุง 40 ุฑุทู„ ู…ู† ูˆุฒู†ูŠ ุŒ ูˆุงู„ุบุฑูŠุจ ุฃู†ูŠ ู‚ู„ู„ุช ู…ุฏุฉ ู…ู…ุงุฑุณุชูŠ ู„ู„ุชู…ุงุฑูŠู† ุงู„ุฑูŠุงุถูŠุฉ ุญูŠู†ู‡ุง.
04:33
I, as you can see, I guess I'm not overweight anymore.
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ูˆูƒู…ุง ุชุฑูˆู† ุงู„ุขู† ุŒ ู„ู… ุฃุนุฏ ุฃุนุงู†ูŠ ู…ู† ุงู„ูˆุฒู† ุงู„ุฒุงุฆุฏ ุงู„ุขู†.
04:36
More importantly, I don't have insulin resistance.
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ุงู„ู…ู‡ู… ุฃู†ูŠ ู„ู… ุฃุนุฏ ู…ุตุงุจุงู‹ ุจู…ู‚ุงูˆู…ุฉ ุงู„ุฅู†ุณูˆู„ูŠู†.
04:39
But most important, I was left
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ูˆุงู„ุฃู‡ู… ู…ู† ุฐู„ูƒ ูƒู„ู‡ ุฃู† ุชู„ูƒ ุงู„ุชุฌุฑุจุฉ ุชุฑูƒุชู†ูŠ
04:41
with these three burning questions that wouldn't go away:
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ุจุซู„ุงุซ ุฃุณุฆู„ุฉ ุชุฑุงูู‚ู†ูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฏูˆุงู… :
04:44
How did this happen to me if I was supposedly
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ูƒูŠู ุญุฏุซ ู„ูŠ ู…ุง ุญุฏุซ ุจุงูุชุฑุงุถ ุฃู†ูŠ
04:47
doing everything right?
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ุฃู‚ูˆู… ุจุงู„ุฃู…ุฑ ุงู„ุตุญูŠุญุŸ
04:50
If the conventional wisdom about nutrition had failed me,
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ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ู…ุง ู‡ูˆ ู…ุชุนุงุฑู ุนู„ูŠู‡ ู…ู† ุงู„ุญู‚ุงุฆู‚ ุญูˆู„ ุงู„ุชุบุฐูŠุฉ ู‚ุฏ ุฎุฐู„ุชู†ูŠุŒ
04:53
was it possible it was failing someone else?
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ูู‡ู„ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ู…ูƒู† ุฃู† ุชูƒูˆู† ู‚ุฏ ุฎุฐู„ุช ุบูŠุฑูŠุŸ
04:56
And underlying these questions,
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ูˆุฎู„ู ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฃุณุฆู„ุฉ ุŒ
04:58
I became almost maniacally obsessed
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ุฃุตุจุญุช ู…ู‡ูˆูˆุณ ุจุดูƒู„ ุฌู†ูˆู†ูŠ
05:02
in trying to understand the real relationship
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ุจู…ุญุงูˆู„ุฉ ูู‡ู… ุงู„ุนู„ุงู‚ุฉ ุงู„ุญู‚ูŠู‚ูŠุฉ
05:04
between obesity and insulin resistance.
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ุจูŠู† ุงู„ุณู…ู†ุฉ ูˆู…ู‚ุงูˆู…ุฉ ุงู„ุฅู†ุณูˆู„ูŠู†.
05:08
Now, most researchers believe obesity
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ุฅู† ู…ุนุธู… ุงู„ุจุงุญุซูŠู† ูŠุคู…ู†ูˆู† ุจุฃู† ุงู„ุณู…ู†ุฉ
05:11
is the cause of insulin resistance.
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ู‡ูŠ ุณุจุจ ุงู„ุฅุตุงุจุฉ ุจู…ู‚ุงูˆู…ุฉ ุงู„ุฅู†ุณูˆู„ูŠู†.
05:14
Logically, then, if you want to treat insulin resistance,
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ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ ูุฅู†ู‡ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ู†ุทู‚ ุฃู† ุชุฏูุน ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ู„ุฎุณุงุฑุฉ ุฃูˆุฒุงู†ู‡ู…
05:16
you get people to lose weight, right?
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ู„ู…ุนุงู„ุฌุฉ ู…ู‚ุงูˆู…ุฉ ุงู„ุฅู†ุณูˆู„ูŠู† ุŒ ุฃู„ูŠุณ ูƒุฐู„ูƒุŸ
05:18
You treat the obesity.
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ุฅุฐุง ุฃู†ุช ุชุนุงู„ุฌ ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ุงู„ุณู…ู†ุฉ.
05:21
But what if we have it backwards?
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ู„ูƒู† ู…ุงุฐุง ู„ูˆ ูƒุงู† ุงู„ุฃู…ุฑ ุฎู„ุงู ุฐู„ูƒุŸ
05:24
What if obesity isn't the cause of insulin resistance at all?
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ู…ุงุฐุง ู„ูˆ ู„ู… ุชูƒู† ุงู„ุณู…ู†ุฉ ู‡ูŠ ุณุจุจ ุงู„ุฅุตุงุจุฉ ุจู…ู‚ุงูˆู…ุฉ ุงู„ุฅู†ุณูˆู„ูŠู† ุŸ
05:27
In fact, what if it's a symptom of a much deeper problem,
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ููŠ ุงู„ุญู‚ูŠู‚ุฉ ุŒ ู…ุงุฐุง ู„ูˆ ูƒุงู†ุช ุงู„ุณู…ู†ุฉ ู…ุฌุฑุฏ ุนุฑุถ ู„ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ุฃูƒุซุฑ ุนู…ู‚ุงู‹
05:31
the tip of a proverbial iceberg?
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ูƒู…ุง ู„ูˆ ูƒุงู†ุช ุงู„ุณู…ู†ุฉ ู…ุฌุฑุฏ ู‚ู…ุฉ ุงู„ุฌุจู„ ุงู„ู…ุฎููŠ ูˆ ุงู„ู…ุบุทู‰ ุจุงู„ุฌู„ูŠุฏุŸ
05:34
I know it sounds crazy because we're obviously in the midst
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ุฃุนู„ู… ุฃู† ุงู„ุฃู…ุฑ ู‚ุฏ ูŠุจุฏูˆ ุฌู†ูˆู†ูŠุงู‹ ุŒ ูู†ุญู† ููŠ ุฎุถู…
05:36
of an obesity epidemic, but hear me out.
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ูˆุจุงุก ุงู„ุณู…ู†ุฉ. ู„ูƒู† ุฃุฑุฌูˆ ู…ู†ูƒู… ุณู…ุงุนูŠ.
05:40
What if obesity is a coping mechanism
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ู…ุงุฐุง ู„ูˆ ูƒุงู†ุช ุงู„ุณู…ู†ุฉ ุขู„ูŠุฉ ู„ุชูƒูŠู ุงู„ุฌุณู…
05:43
for a far more sinister problem going on
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ู…ุน ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ุฃุฎุทุฑ ุจูƒุซูŠุฑ
05:46
underneath the cell?
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ุชุญุฏุซ ููŠ ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉุŸ
05:48
I'm not suggesting that obesity is benign,
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ุฃู†ุง ู„ุง ุฃู‚ูˆู„ ู‡ู†ุง ุจุฃู† ุงู„ุณู…ู†ุฉ ุฃู…ุฑ ุญู…ูŠุฏ ูˆุจุณูŠุทุŒ
05:50
but what I am suggesting is it may be the lesser
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ู„ูƒู† ู…ุง ุฃุฑูŠุฏ ุฃู† ุฃู‚ูˆู„ู‡ ู‡ูˆ ุฃู†ู‡ุง ู‚ุฏ ุชูƒูˆู† ุงู„ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ุงู„ุฃู‚ู„ ุฎุทูˆุฑุฉ
05:53
of two metabolic evils.
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ุจูŠู† ุนุฏูˆู‘ูŠู† ู„ู„ุฃูŠุถ.
05:55
You can think of insulin resistance as the reduced capacity
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ูŠู…ูƒู†ูƒ ุงู„ุชููƒูŠุฑ ุจู…ู‚ุงูˆู…ุฉ ุงู„ุฅู†ุณูˆู„ูŠู† ุนู„ู‰ ุฃู†ู‡ุง ู†ู‚ุต ู‚ุฏุฑุฉ
05:58
of our cells to partition fuel,
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ุฃุฌุณุงู…ู†ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุชู‚ุณูŠู… ุงู„ูˆู‚ูˆุฏ (ุงู„ุบุฐุงุก)
06:00
as I alluded to a moment ago,
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ูƒู…ุง ุฃุดุฑุช ุณุงุจู‚ุงู‹ุŒ
06:03
taking those calories that we take in
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ูุฅู†ู‡ ูŠู‚ูˆู… ุจุงู„ุนู…ู„ ุนู„ู‰ ู…ุง ู†ุชู†ุงูˆู„ู‡ ู…ู† ุงู„ุณุนุฑุงุช ุงู„ุญุฑุงุฑูŠุฉ
06:04
and burning some appropriately and storing some appropriately.
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ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ ุญุฑู‚ ุจุนุถู‡ุง ูˆุชุฎุฒูŠู† ุงู„ุจุนุถ ุงู„ุขุฎุฑ ุจุดูƒู„ ู…ู†ุงุณุจ.
06:08
When we become insulin-resistant,
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ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ู†ุตุจุญ ู…ู‚ุงูˆู…ูŠู† ู„ู„ุฅู†ุณูˆู„ูŠู†
06:10
the homeostasis in that balance deviates from this state.
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ูุฅู† ุงู„ุชูˆุงุฒู† ุงู„ุญุงุตู„ ููŠ ุญุงู„ ุนู…ู„ ุงู„ุฅู†ุณูˆู„ูŠู† ุจุดูƒู„ ุทุจูŠุนูŠ ู„ุง ูŠุนูˆุฏ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ.
06:13
So now, when insulin says to a cell,
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ู„ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจ ุงู„ุตูˆุฑุฉ ุฃูƒุซุฑ ุŒ ู„ู†ูุชุฑุถ ุฃู† ุงู„ุฅู†ุณูˆู„ูŠู† ูŠู‚ูˆู„ ู„ู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ
06:15
I want you to burn more energy
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"ุฃุฑูŠุฏ ู…ู†ูƒ ุญุฑู‚ ุทุงู‚ุฉ ุฃูƒุจุฑ"
06:17
than the cell considers safe, the cell, in effect, says,
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ูˆููŠ ุญุงู„ ู…ู‚ุงูˆู…ุฉ ุงู„ุฅู†ุณูˆู„ูŠู† ูุฅู† ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ุชุนุฏ ูƒู…ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุทุงู‚ุฉ ุงู„ุฃูƒุจุฑ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุบูŠุฑ ุขู…ู†ุฉ
06:20
"No thanks, I'd actually rather store this energy."
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ูุชู‚ูˆู„ " ู„ุง ุŒ ุดูƒุฑุงู‹. ุฅู†ูŠ ุฃูุถู‘ู„ ุฃู† ุฃู‚ูˆู… ุจุชุฎุฒูŠู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุทุงู‚ุฉ ุนูˆุถุงู‹ ุนู† ุญุฑู‚ู‡ุง"
06:24
And because fat cells are actually missing most of
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ูˆู„ุฃู† ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุงู„ุฏู‡ู†ูŠุฉ ุชูุชู‚ุฑ ุฅู„ู‰ ู…ุนุธู…
06:26
the complex cellular machinery found in other cells,
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ุงู„ุนู…ู„ูŠุงุช ุงู„ุฎู„ูˆูŠุฉ ุงู„ู…ุนู‚ุฏุฉ ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ ุฃู†ูˆุงุน ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุงู„ุฃุฎุฑู‰ุŒ
06:29
it's probably the safest place to store it.
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ูุฅู†ู‡ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุฃุฑุฌุญ ุชู‚ุฏูŠุฑ ุงู„ู…ูƒุงู† ุงู„ุฃู†ุณุจ ูˆุงู„ุขู…ู† ู„ู„ุชุฎุฒูŠู† ููŠู‡ุง.
06:31
So for many of us, about 75 million Americans,
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ุจุงู„ู†ุณุจุฉ ู„ู„ูƒุซูŠุฑ ู…ู†ู‘ุง ุŒ ุฃูŠ ู…ุง ูŠู‚ุงุฑุจ 75 ู…ู„ูŠูˆู† ุฃู…ุฑูŠูƒูŠ
06:36
the appropriate response to insulin resistance
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ูุฅู† ุฑุฏุฉ ุงู„ูุนู„ ุงู„ู…ู†ุงุณุจุฉ ุชุฌุงู‡ ู…ู‚ุงูˆู…ุฉ ุงู„ุฅู†ุณูˆู„ูŠู† ู„ุฏูŠู‡ู…
06:40
may actually be to store it as fat, not the reverse,
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ู‚ุฏ ุชูƒูˆู† ุชุฎุฒูŠู† ุงู„ุทุงู‚ุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ู‡ูŠุฆุฉ ุฏู‡ูˆู†ุŒ ูˆู„ูŠุณ ุงู„ุนูƒุณ
06:45
getting insulin resistance in response to getting fat.
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ุจุฃู† ู…ู‚ุงูˆู…ุฉ ุงู„ุฅู†ุณูˆู„ูŠู† ุชุญุฏุซ ู†ุชูŠุฌุฉ ู„ู„ุณู…ู†ุฉ.
06:50
This is a really subtle distinction,
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ู‡ุฐุง ููŠ ุงู„ุญู‚ูŠู‚ุฉ ูุงุฑู‚ ุตุบูŠุฑ
06:52
but the implication could be profound.
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ู„ูƒู† ู…ุถู…ูˆู†ู‡ ู‚ุฏ ูŠุญู…ู„ ู…ุนู†ู‰ ุนู…ูŠู‚.
06:56
Consider the following analogy:
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ู‚ูŠุณูˆุง ู…ุนูŠ ุฐู„ูƒ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ุซุงู„ ุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ :
06:58
Think of the bruise you get on your shin
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ููƒุฑูˆุง ููŠ ุงู„ูƒุฏู…ุฉ ุงู„ุชูŠ ู‚ุฏ ุชุตูŠุจ ุณุงู‚ ุงู„ุดุฎุต
07:01
when you inadvertently bang your leg into the coffee table.
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ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ูŠุตุทุฏู… ุณุงู‚ู‡ ุจุงู„ุทุงูˆู„ุฉ ุฏูˆู† ู‚ุตุฏ.
07:05
Sure, the bruise hurts like hell, and you almost certainly
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ุจุงู„ุชุฃูƒูŠุฏ ุฃู† ุงู„ูƒุฏู…ุฉ ู…ุคู„ู…ุฉ ุฌุฏุงู‹ุŒ ุฅุถุงูุฉ ุฅู„ุง ุฃู†ูƒ ููŠ ุงู„ุบุงู„ุจ
07:08
don't like the discolored look, but we all know
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ู„ู† ุชูุถู‘ู„ ุชุบูŠู‘ุฑ ู„ูˆู† ุงู„ุฌู„ุฏ ุงู„ุฐูŠ ูŠุญุฏุซ ุฌุฑุงุกู‡ุงุŒ ู„ูƒู†ู†ุง ุฌู…ูŠุนุงู‹ ู†ุนู„ู…
07:11
the bruise per Se is not the problem.
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ุฃู† ุงู„ูƒุฏู…ุฉ ุจุญุฏ ุฐุงุชู‡ุง ู„ูŠุณุช ุงู„ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ.
07:14
In fact, it's the opposite. It's a healthy response to the trauma,
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ุจู„ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุนูƒุณ ุชู…ุงู…ุงู‹. ุญูŠุซ ุฃู†ู‡ุง ุฑุฏุฉ ูุนู„ ุทุจูŠุนูŠุฉ ุชุฌุงู‡ ุงู„ุฑุถุฉุŒ
07:18
all of those immune cells rushing to the site of the injury
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ุจุญูŠุซ ุชุชุฌู‡ ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุงู„ู…ู†ุงุนูŠุฉ ู„ู…ูƒุงู† ุงู„ุฑุถู‘ุฉ
07:21
to salvage cellular debris and prevent the spread
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ู„ุชุชุฎู„ู‘ุต ู…ู† ุงู„ุจู‚ุงูŠุง ุงู„ุฎู„ูˆูŠุฉ ูˆุชู…ู†ุน ุงู†ุชุดุงุฑ
07:24
of infection to elsewhere in the body.
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ุงู„ุงู„ุชู‡ุงุจ ู„ุฃูŠ ู…ูƒุงู† ุขุฎุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฌุณู….
07:26
Now, imagine we thought bruises were the problem,
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ุงู„ุขู†ุŒ ุชุฎูŠู„ูˆุง ู…ุนูŠ ู„ูˆ ุฃู†ู‘ุง ูƒู†ุง ู†ุนุชู‚ุฏ ุฃู† ุงู„ูƒุฏู…ุงุช ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉุŒ
07:30
and we evolved a giant medical establishment
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ูˆู†ุชูŠุฌุฉ ู„ุฐู„ูƒ ู‚ู…ู†ุง ุจุชูˆุธูŠู ุฌู‡ูˆุฏ ุทุจูŠุฉ ุถุฎู…ุฉ
07:33
and a culture around treating bruises:
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ู„ู…ุนุงู„ุฌุฉ ุงู„ูƒุฏู…ุงุช:
07:36
masking creams, painkillers, you name it,
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ุงู„ูƒุฑูŠู…ุงุช ุงู„ูˆุงู‚ูŠุฉ ุŒ ู…ุณูƒู†ุงุช ุงู„ุฃู„ู… ุŒ ูˆุบูŠุฑู‡ุง.
07:39
all the while ignoring the fact that people
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ู…ุชุฌุงู‡ู„ูŠู† ุญู‚ูŠู‚ุฉ ุฃู† ุงู„ู†ุงุณ
07:42
are still banging their shins into coffee tables.
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ู…ุง ุฒุงู„ูˆุง ูŠุตุทุฏู…ูˆู† ุจุงู„ุทุงูˆู„ุงุช ู…ู† ุบูŠุฑ ู‚ุตุฏ.
07:45
How much better would we be if we treated the cause --
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ูƒูŠู ุณูŠูƒูˆู† ุงู„ุญุงู„ ู„ูˆ ุฃู†ุง ุนุงู„ุฌู†ุง ุงู„ุณุจุจ ุฐุงุชู‡
07:48
telling people to pay attention
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ุฅุฎุจุงุฑ ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ุจุฃู† ูŠูƒูˆู†ูˆุง ุญุฐุฑูŠู† ู…ุซู„ุงู‹
07:50
when they walk through the living room --
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ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ู…ุดูŠ ุฏุงุฎู„ ุบุฑู ุงู„ู…ุนูŠุดุฉ
07:52
rather than the effect?
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ุนูˆุถุงู‹ ุนู† ู…ุนุงู„ุฌุฉ ุงู„ุฃุซุฑ ?
07:55
Getting the cause and the effect right
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ุฅุฏุฑุงูƒ ุงู„ุณุจุจ ูˆุงู„ุฃุซุฑ ุงู„ุญู‚ูŠู‚ูŠูŠู† ููŠ ูƒู„ ุดูŠุก
07:57
makes all the difference in the world.
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ูŠุตู†ุน ุชุบูŠูŠุฑ ุฌุฐุฑูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ุนุงู„ู….
07:59
Getting it wrong, and the pharmaceutical industry
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ูˆุจุงู„ุฑุบู… ู…ู† ุฃู† ุนุฏู… ุงู„ุฅุตุงุจุฉ ููŠ ู…ุนุฑูุชู‡ู…ุง ู‚ุฏ ุชููŠุฏ ุงู„ู…ุณุงู‡ู…ูŠู†
08:02
can still do very well for its shareholders
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ููŠ ุตู†ุงุนุฉ ุงู„ุฃุฏูˆูŠุฉ ุจุดูƒู„ ูƒุจูŠุฑ
08:05
but nothing improves for the people with bruised shins.
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ุฅู„ุง ุฃู†ู‡ุง ููŠ ุงู„ุญู‚ูŠู‚ุฉ ู„ู† ุชูุนู„ ุฃูŠ ุดูŠุก ู„ุฃุตุญุงุจ ุงู„ูƒุฏู…ุงุช .
08:09
Cause and effect.
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ุงู„ุณุจุจ ูˆุงู„ุฃุซุฑ.
08:12
So what I'm suggesting is
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ุฅู† ู…ุง ุฃุนู†ูŠู‡
08:14
maybe we have the cause and effect wrong
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ู‡ูˆ ุฃู†ู†ุง ุฑุจู…ุง ู†ูƒูˆู† ู‚ุฏ ุฃุฎุทุฃู†ุง ููŠ ู…ุนุฑูุฉ ุงู„ุณุจุจ ูˆุงู„ุฃุซุฑ ุงู„ุญู‚ูŠู‚ูŠูŠู†
08:16
on obesity and insulin resistance.
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ููŠ ู…ุณุฃู„ุฉ ุงู„ุณู…ู†ุฉ ูˆู…ู‚ุงูˆู…ุฉ ุงู„ุฅู†ุณูˆู„ูŠู†.
08:19
Maybe we should be asking ourselves,
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ุฑุจู…ุง ุนู„ูŠู†ุง ุฃู† ู†ุณุฃู„ ุฃู†ูุณู†ุงุŒ
08:21
is it possible that insulin resistance causes weight gain
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ู‡ู„ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุญุชู…ู„ ุฃู† ู…ู‚ุงูˆู…ุฉ ุงู„ุฅู†ุณูˆู„ูŠู† ู‡ูŠ ู…ุง ูŠุณุจุจ ููŠ ุงู„ุญู‚ูŠู‚ุฉ ุฒูŠุงุฏุฉ ุงู„ูˆุฒู†
08:25
and the diseases associated with obesity,
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ูˆุงู„ุฃู…ุฑุงุถ ุงู„ู…ุตุงุญุจุฉ ู„ู„ุณู…ู†ุฉุŒ
08:27
at least in most people?
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ููŠ ู…ุนุธู… ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฃู‚ู„ ุŸ
08:28
What if being obese is just a metabolic response
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ู…ุงุฐุง ู„ูˆ ูƒุงู†ุช ุงู„ุณู…ู†ุฉ ู…ุฌุฑู‘ุฏ ุฑุฏ ูุนู„ ุฃูŠุถูŠ
08:31
to something much more threatening,
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ู„ุฃู…ุฑ ุฃุฎุทุฑ ุจูƒุซูŠุฑุŒ
08:34
an underlying epidemic,
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ูˆุจุงุก ุฎููŠ ู…ุซู„ุงู‹ ู„ู… ูŠุชุถุญ ู„ู†ุง ุจุนุฏ
08:36
the one we ought to be worried about?
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ูˆู‡ูˆ ู…ุง ูŠุฌุจ ุนู„ูŠู†ุง ุงู„ู‚ู„ู‚ ู…ู†ู‡ุŸ
08:38
Let's look at some suggestive facts.
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ุฏุนูˆู†ุง ู†ู†ุธุฑ ุฅู„ู‰ ุจุนุถ ุงู„ุญู‚ุงุฆู‚ ุงู„ุชูŠ ู‚ุฏ ุชูˆุญูŠ ู„ู†ุง ุจู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ููƒุฑุฉ.
08:40
We know that 30 million obese Americans
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ุฅู†ู†ุง ู†ุนู„ู… ุฃู† ู‡ู†ุงูƒ 30 ู…ู„ูŠูˆู† ุฃู…ุฑูŠูƒูŠ ูŠุนุงู†ูŠ ู…ู† ุงู„ุณู…ู†ุฉ
08:42
in the United States don't have insulin resistance.
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ูˆููŠ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ูˆู‚ุช ุบูŠุฑ ู…ุตุงุจูŠู† ุจู…ู‚ุงูˆู…ุฉ ุงู„ุฅู†ุณูˆู„ูŠู†.
08:45
And by the way, they don't appear to be at any
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ุฅุถุงูุฉ ุฅู„ู‰ ุฃู†ู‡ ู„ูŠุณ ู„ุฏูŠู‡ู…
08:47
greater risk of disease than lean people.
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ู†ุณุจุฉ ู…ุฎุงุทุฑ ุฃุนู„ู‰ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฃุดุฎุงุต ุงู„ู†ุญูŠู„ูŠู† ู„ู„ุฃู…ุฑุงุถ.
08:50
Conversely, we know that six million lean people
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ูˆุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุนูƒุณ ู…ู† ุฐู„ูƒุŒ ุฅู†ู†ุง ู†ุนู„ู… ุฃู† ู‡ู†ุงูƒ 6 ู…ู„ุงูŠูŠู† ุดุฎุต ู†ุญูŠู„
08:53
in the United States are insulin-resistant,
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ููŠ ุงู„ูˆู„ุงูŠุงุช ุงู„ู…ุชุญุฏุฉ ุงู„ุฃู…ุฑูŠูƒูŠุฉ ูŠุนุงู†ูˆู† ู…ู† ู…ู‚ุงูˆู…ุฉ ุงู„ุฅู†ุณูˆู„ูŠู†.
08:57
and by the way, they appear to be at even greater risk
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ุฅุถุงูุฉ ุฅู„ุง ุฃู† ู„ุฏูŠู‡ู… ู†ุณุจุฉ ู…ุฎุงุทุฑ
09:00
for those metabolic diseases I mentioned a moment ago
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ุฃุนู„ู‰ ู„ู„ุฅุตุงุจุฉ ุจุงู„ุฃู…ุฑุงุถ ุงู„ุงูŠุถูŠุฉ ุงู„ุชูŠ ุฐูƒุฑุชู‡ุง ุณุงุจู‚ุงู‹
09:02
than their obese counterparts.
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ู…ู† ุงู„ุฃุดุฎุงุต ุงู„ุฐูŠู† ูŠุนุงู†ูˆู† ู…ู† ุงู„ุณู…ู†ุฉ ูˆู„ุง ูŠุนุงู†ูˆู† ู…ู† ู…ู‚ุงูˆู…ุฉ ุงู„ุฅู†ุณูˆู„ูŠู†.
09:04
Now I don't know why, but it might be because,
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ุฃู†ุง ู„ุง ุฃุนู„ู… ู„ู…ุงุฐุง ุŒ ู„ูƒู† ุฑุจู…ุง ุฃู†
09:06
in their case, their cells haven't actually figured out
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ุฎู„ุงูŠุงู‡ู… ู„ู… ุชุชู…ูƒู† ุจุนุฏ ู…ู† ู…ุนุฑูุฉ
09:09
the right thing to do with that excess energy.
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ู…ุง ุชูุนู„ู‡ ุจุงู„ุทุงู‚ุฉ ุงู„ุฒุงุฆุฏุฉ .
09:12
So if you can be obese and not have insulin resistance,
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ุฅุฐุงู‹ ุŒ ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ู…ูƒู† ุฃู† ุชุนุงู†ูŠ ู…ู† ุงู„ุณู…ู†ุฉ ุฏูˆู† ุฃู† ุชุตุงุจ ุจู…ู‚ุงูˆู…ุฉ ุงู„ุฅู†ุณูˆู„ูŠู†
09:15
and you can be lean and have it,
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ูˆู…ู† ุงู„ู…ู…ูƒู† ุฃู† ุชูƒูˆู† ุดุฎุต ู†ุญูŠู„ ูˆู…ุน ู‡ุฐุง ุชุตุงุจ ุจู…ู‚ุงูˆู…ุฉ ุงู„ุฅู†ุณูˆู„ูŠู†
09:17
this suggests that obesity may just be a proxy
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ู‡ุฐุง ูŠู‚ุชุฑุญ ุฃู† ุงู„ุณู…ู†ุฉ ู‚ุฏ ุชูƒูˆู† ู…ุฌุฑุฏ ู…ููˆู‘ุถ ุฃูˆ ู…ูˆูƒูŽู‘ู„
09:21
for what's going on.
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ุนู…ู‘ุง ูŠุญุฏุซ ุญู‚ูŠู‚ุฉ .
09:24
So what if we're fighting the wrong war,
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ู…ุงุฐุง ู„ูˆ ุฃู†ู†ุง ู†ุญุงุฑุจ ุงู„ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ุงู„ุฎุทุฃุŒ
09:27
fighting obesity rather than insulin resistance?
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ู…ุญุงุฑุจุฉ ุงู„ุณู…ู†ุฉ ุนูˆุถุงู‹ ุนู† ู…ุญุงุฑุจุฉ ู…ู‚ุงูˆู…ุฉ ุงู„ุฅู†ุณูˆู„ูŠู†ุŸ
09:31
Even worse, what if blaming the obese
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ูˆุงู„ุฃุณูˆุฃ ู…ู† ุฐู„ูƒ ุŒ ู…ุงุฐุง ู„ูˆ ุฃู† ุฅู„ู‚ุงุก ุงู„ู„ูˆู… ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ุฑุถู‰ ุงู„ุฐูŠู† ูŠุนุงู†ูˆู† ู…ู† ุงู„ุณู…ู†ุฉ
09:34
means we're blaming the victims?
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ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฅู„ู‚ุงุก ุงู„ู„ูˆู… ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุถุญุงูŠุง ุŸ
09:37
What if some of our fundamental ideas about obesity
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ู…ุงุฐุง ู„ูˆ ุฃู† ุจุนุถ ุงู„ู…ูุงู‡ูŠู… ุงู„ุฃุณุงุณูŠุฉ ุนู† ุงู„ุณู…ู†ุฉ
09:40
are just wrong?
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ูƒุงู†ุช ุฎุงุทุฆุฉุŸ
09:42
Personally, I can't afford the luxury of arrogance anymore,
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ุดุฎุตูŠุงู‹ุŒ ู„ุง ูŠู…ูƒู†ู†ูŠ ุชุญู…ู„ ุงู„ู…ุฒูŠุฏ ู…ู† ุชุฑู ุงู„ุบุฑูˆุฑ ูˆุงู„ุงุฎุชูŠุงู„ุŒ
09:46
let alone the luxury of certainty.
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ู†ุงู‡ูŠูƒ ุนู† ุชุฑู ุงู„ูŠู‚ูŠู†.
09:49
I have my own ideas about what could be at the heart of this,
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ู„ุฏูŠ ุฃููƒุงุฑูŠ ุงู„ุฎุงุตุฉ ุนู…ู‘ุง ู‚ุฏ ูŠูƒูˆู† ุงู„ุณุจุจ ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉุŒ
09:52
but I'm wide open to others.
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ู„ูƒู†ู‘ู†ูŠ ู…ู†ูุชุญ ูˆู…ุชู‚ุจู„ ู„ุฃููƒุงุฑ ุงู„ุบูŠุฑ.
09:54
Now, my hypothesis, because everybody always asks me,
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ูˆุจู…ุง ุฃู† ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ุฏุงุฆู…ุงู‹ ู…ุง ูŠุณุฃู„ูˆู†ู†ูŠ ุนู† ู†ุธุฑูŠุงุชูŠุŒ
09:56
is this.
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ูุณุฃุฐูƒุฑู‡ุง ู„ูƒู…:
09:58
If you ask yourself, what's a cell trying to protect itself from
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ุฅุฐุง ุณุฃู„ุชู… ุงู†ูุณูƒู… ุŒ ู…ุงู„ุฐูŠ ุชุญุงูˆู„ ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ุญู…ุงูŠุฉ ู†ูุณู‡ุง ู…ู†ู‡
10:01
when it becomes insulin resistant,
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ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ุชุตุจุญ ู…ู‚ุงูˆู…ุฉ ู„ู„ุฅู†ุณูˆู„ูŠู†ุŸ
10:03
the answer probably isn't too much food.
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ุฅู† ุงู„ุฅุฌุงุจุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฃุฑุฌุญ ู„ูŠุณ ุงู„ูƒู…ูŠุงุช ุงู„ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ุทุนุงู….
10:06
It's more likely too much glucose: blood sugar.
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ุจู„ ุงู„ูƒุซูŠุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฌู„ูˆูƒูˆุฒ: ุณูƒุฑ ุงู„ุฏู….
10:09
Now, we know that refined grains and starches
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ู†ุญู† ู†ุนู„ู… ุฃู† ุงู„ุญุจูˆุจ ุงู„ู…ูƒุฑู‘ุฑุฉ ุŒ ูˆุงู„ู†ุดูˆูŠุงุช
10:11
elevate your blood sugar in the short run,
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ุชุฒูŠุฏ ู…ู† ู…ุณุชูˆู‰ ุงู„ุณูƒุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ุฏู… ู„ู…ุฏุฉ ู‚ุตูŠุฑุฉุŒ
10:14
and there's even reason to believe that sugar
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ูˆู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุฃูŠุถุงู‹ ุฃุณุจุงุจ ุชุคุฏูŠ ู„ุงุนุชู‚ุงุฏ ุฃู† ุงู„ุณูƒุฑ
10:15
may lead to insulin resistance directly.
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ู‚ุฏ ูŠุคุฏูŠ ุฅู„ู‰ ู…ู‚ุงูˆู…ุฉ ุงู„ุฅู†ุณูˆู„ูŠู† ุจุดูƒู„ ู…ุจุงุดุฑ.
10:18
So if you put these physiological processes to work,
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ุฅุฐุง ุŒ ู„ูˆ ููƒุฑู†ุง ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุนู…ู„ูŠุงุช ุงู„ููŠุฒูŠูˆู„ูˆุฌูŠุฉ
10:22
I'd hypothesize that it might be our increased intake
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ูŠู…ูƒู†ู†ูŠ ุฃู† ุฃูุชุฑุถ ุฃู† ุงุฒุฏูŠุงุฏ ุชู†ุงูˆู„
10:26
of refined grains, sugars and starches that's driving
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ุงู„ุญุจูˆุจ ุงู„ู…ูƒุฑุฑุฉ ุŒ ูˆุงู„ุณูƒุฑูŠุงุช ูˆุงู„ู†ุดูˆูŠุงุช ู‡ูˆ ู…ุง ูŠู‚ูˆุฏ
10:29
this epidemic of obesity and diabetes,
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ุฅู„ู‰ ูˆุจุงุฆูŠ ุงู„ุณู…ู†ุฉ ูˆุงู„ุณูƒุฑูŠุŒ
10:33
but through insulin resistance,
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ู„ูƒู† ุนุจุฑ ู…ู‚ุงูˆู…ุฉ ุงู„ุฅู†ุณูˆู„ูŠู†
10:35
you see, and not necessarily through just overeating and under-exercising.
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ุฃุฑุฃูŠุชู… ุŸ ุฅุฐุง ู„ูŠุณ ุจุงู„ุถุฑูˆุฑุฉ ุฃู† ูŠูƒูˆู† ุจุณุจุจ ุฒูŠุงุฏุฉ ูƒู…ูŠุงุช ุงู„ุทุนุงู… ุฃูˆ ู‚ู„ุฉ ู…ู…ุงุฑุณุฉ ุงู„ุฑูŠุงุถุฉ.
10:39
When I lost my 40 pounds a few years ago,
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ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ุฎุณุฑุช ู…ู† ูˆุฒู†ูŠ 40 ุฑุทู„ ู‚ุจู„ ุฃุนูˆุงู… ู‚ู„ูŠู„ุฉุŒ
10:42
I did it simply by restricting those things,
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ูุนู„ุช ุฐู„ูƒ ุนู† ุทุฑูŠู‚ ุงู„ุชู‚ู„ูŠู„ ู…ู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฃู…ูˆุฑ ุจูƒู„ ุจุณุงุทุฉุŒ
10:44
which admittedly suggests I have a bias
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ู…ู…ุง ู‚ุฏ ูŠูˆุถุญ ุฃู†ู†ูŠ ู…ุชุญูŠู‘ุฒ
10:48
based on my personal experience.
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ุงุณุชู†ุงุฏุงู‹ ุฅู„ู‰ ุชุฌุฑุจุชูŠ ุงู„ุดุฎุตูŠุฉ.
10:50
But that doesn't mean my bias is wrong,
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ู„ูƒู† ู‡ุฐุง ู„ุงูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฃู† ุชุญูŠู‘ุฒูŠ ุฃู…ุฑ ุฎุงุทุฆุŒ
10:53
and most important, all of this can be tested scientifically.
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ุงู„ุฃู‡ู… ู…ู† ุฐู„ูƒ ุŒ ุฃู†ู‡ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ู…ูƒู† ุงุฎุชุจุงุฑ ูƒู„ ุฐู„ูƒ ุนู„ู…ูŠู‘ุงู‹.
10:57
But step one is accepting the possibility
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ู„ูƒู† ุงู„ุฎุทูˆุฉ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ู‰ ู‡ูŠ ุชู‚ุจู‘ู„ ุงุญุชู…ุงู„ูŠุฉ
11:00
that our current beliefs about obesity,
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ุฃู† ู…ูุงู‡ูŠู…ู†ุง ูˆู‚ู†ุงุนุงุชู†ุง ุงู„ุญุงู„ูŠุฉ ุนู† ุงู„ุณู…ู†ุฉุŒ
11:02
diabetes and insulin resistance could be wrong
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ูˆุงู„ุณูƒุฑูŠ ูˆู…ู‚ุงูˆู…ุฉ ุงู„ุฅู†ุณูˆู„ูŠู† ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ู…ูƒู† ุฃู† ุชูƒูˆู† ุฎุงุทุฆุฉ
11:05
and therefore must be tested.
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ูˆุนู„ู‰ ู‡ุฐุง ูŠุฌุจ ุฃู† ูŠุชู… ุงุฎุชุจุงุฑู‡ุง ู„ู„ุชุฃูƒุฏ.
11:08
I'm betting my career on this.
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ุฅู†ู†ูŠ ุฃุฑุงู‡ู† ุนู„ู‰ ูˆุธูŠูุชูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุฃู…ุฑ.
11:10
Today, I devote all of my time to working on this problem,
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ู„ู‚ุฏ ูƒุฑู‘ุณุช ูƒู„ ูˆู‚ุชูŠ ู„ู„ุนู…ู„ ุนู„ู‰ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉุŒ
11:15
and I'll go wherever the science takes me.
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ูˆุณุฃุฐู‡ุจ ุญูŠุซู…ุง ูŠุฃุฎุฐู†ูŠ ุงู„ุนู„ู….
11:18
I've decided that what I can't and won't do anymore
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ู„ู‚ุฏ ู‚ุฑุฑุช ุฃู† ู…ุง ู„ุง ูŠู…ูƒู†ู†ูŠ ูˆู…ุง ู„ู† ุฃูุนู„ู‡ ุจุนุฏ ุงู„ุขู†
11:21
is pretend I have the answers when I don't.
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ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุชุธุงู‡ุฑ ุจุฃู† ู„ุฏูŠ ุงู„ุฃุฌูˆุจุฉ ูˆุฃู†ุง ููŠ ุงู„ุญู‚ูŠู‚ุฉ ู„ุง ุฃู…ู„ูƒู‡ุง.
11:24
I've been humbled enough by all I don't know.
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ูƒู†ุช ู…ุชูˆุงุถุนุงู‹ ุจู…ุง ููŠู‡ ุงู„ูƒูุงูŠุฉ ู„ุฃู‚ูˆู„ ุจุฃู†ูŠ ู„ุง ุฃุนู„ู… ููŠ ูƒู„ ู…ุฑุฉ.
11:28
For the past year, I've been fortunate enough
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ุฎู„ุงู„ ุงู„ุณู†ุฉ ุงู„ู…ุงุถูŠุฉ ุŒ ูƒู†ุช ู…ุญุธูˆุธุงู‹ ุจู…ุง ููŠู‡ ุงู„ูƒูุงูŠุฉ
11:31
to work on this problem with the most amazing team
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ู„ุฃุนู…ู„ ุนู„ู‰ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ู…ุน ุฃูุถู„ ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ
11:34
of diabetes and obesity researchers in the country,
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ู…ู† ุงู„ุจุงุญุซูŠู† ูˆุงู„ุจุงุญุซุงุช ููŠ ู…ุฌุงู„ ุงู„ุณูƒุฑูŠ ูˆุงู„ุณู…ู†ุฉ ููŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุจู„ุฏุŒ
11:37
and the best part is,
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ูˆุฃูุถู„ ู…ุง ููŠ ุงู„ุฃู…ุฑ ู‡ูˆ
11:39
just like Abraham Lincoln surrounded himself with a team of rivals,
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ุฃู†ู†ุง ูุนู„ู†ุง ูƒู…ุง ูุนู„ ุฅุจุฑุงู‡ุงู… ู„ู†ูƒูˆู†ุŒ ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ุฃุญุงุท ู†ูุณู‡ ุจูุฑูŠู‚ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ู†ุงูุณูŠู†ุŒ
11:43
we've done the same thing.
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ูุนู„ู†ุง ุงู„ุดูŠุก ุฐุงุชู‡.
11:44
We've recruited a team of scientific rivals,
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ู„ู‚ุฏ ู‚ู…ู†ุง ุจุฌู…ุน ูุฑูŠู‚ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ู†ุงูุณูŠู† ุงู„ุนู„ู…ูŠูŠู†ุŒ
11:47
the best and brightest who all have different hypotheses
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ุฃูุถู„ ูˆุฃุฐูƒู‰ ุงู„ู…ู†ุงูุณูŠู† ุงู„ุฐูŠู† ู„ุฏู‰ ูƒู„ ู…ู†ู‡ู… ู†ุธุฑูŠุงุช ูˆูุฑุถูŠุงุช ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ
11:51
for what's at the heart of this epidemic.
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ุนู† ุงู„ุณุจุจ ุงู„ุญู‚ูŠู‚ูŠ ุฎู„ู ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ูˆุจุงุก.
11:52
Some think it's too many calories consumed.
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ุงู„ุจุนุถ ูŠุนุชู‚ุฏ ุฃู† ุงู„ุณุจุจ ูŠูƒู…ู† ููŠ ุงุณุชู‡ู„ุงูƒ ูƒู…ูŠุงุช ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ุณุนุฑุงุช ุงู„ุญุฑุงุฑูŠุฉ.
11:55
Others think it's too much dietary fat.
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ูˆุงู„ุจุนุถ ูŠุนุชู‚ุฏ ุฃู†ู‡ ูŠูƒู…ู† ููŠ ุฒูŠุงุฏุฉ ุงู„ุฏู‡ูˆู† ููŠ ุงู„ู†ุธุงู… ุงู„ุบุฐุงุฆูŠ ู„ู„ุดุฎุต.
11:57
Others think it's too many refined grains and starches.
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ูˆุงู„ุจุนุถ ุฃูŠุถุงู‹ ูŠุนุชู‚ุฏ ุฃู† ุงู„ุณุจุจ ู‡ูˆ ุฒูŠุงุฏุฉ ุชู†ุงูˆู„ ุงู„ุญุจูˆุจ ุงู„ู…ูƒุฑุฑุฉ ูˆุงู„ู†ุดูˆูŠุงุช.
12:01
But this team of multi-disciplinary,
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ู„ูƒู† ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ูุฑูŠู‚ ุงู„ู…ุชุนุฏุฏ ุงู„ุชุฎุตุตุงุช ูˆุงู„ุฐูŠ ูŠุญุชูˆูŠ ุนู„ู‰
12:03
highly skeptical and exceedingly talented researchers
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ุจุงุญุซูŠู† ู…ูˆู‡ูˆุจูŠู†ุŒ ูŠุชุณุงุกู„ูˆู† ุนู† ูƒู„ ูุฑุถูŠุฉ ูˆูƒู„ ุซูˆุงุจุช ุนู„ู…ูŠุฉ ุณุงุจู‚ุฉ
12:06
do agree on two things.
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ูŠุชูู‚ูˆู† ุนู„ู‰ ุฃู…ุฑูŠู†.
12:09
First, this problem is just simply too important
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ุฃูˆู„ุงู‹ / ุฃู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ุฎุทูŠุฑุฉ ุฌุฏุงู‹ ูˆู„ุง ูŠุฌุฏุฑ ุจู†ุง ุชุฌุงู‡ู„ู‡ุง
12:12
to continue ignoring because we think we know the answer.
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ูู‚ุท ู„ู…ุฌุฑุฏ ุงุนุชู‚ุงุฏู†ุง ุฃู†ู†ุง ู†ู…ู„ูƒ ุงู„ุฅุฌุงุจุฉ ุงู„ุตุญูŠุญุฉ.
12:15
And two, if we're willing to be wrong,
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ูˆุซุงู†ูŠุงู‹ / ุฅุฐุง ูƒู†ุง ู…ุณุชุนุฏูŠู† ู„ุฃู† ู†ุฏุฑูƒ ุจุฃู†ุง ูƒู†ุง ู…ุฎุทุฆูŠู†
12:18
if we're willing to challenge the conventional wisdom
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ู…ุณุชุนุฏูŠู† ู„ุชุญุฏูŠ ุงู„ู…ูุงู‡ูŠู… ูˆุงู„ู‚ู†ุงุนุงุช ุงู„ุณุงุจู‚ุฉ
12:20
with the best experiments science can offer,
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ุนู† ุทุฑูŠู‚ ุฃูุถู„ ุงู„ุชุฌุงุฑุจ ุงู„ุนู„ู…ูŠุฉ
12:23
we can solve this problem.
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ุณู†ุชู…ูƒู† ู…ู† ุญู„ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ.
12:26
I know it's tempting to want an answer right now,
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ุฃุนู„ู… ุจุฃู† ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุญู„ ู„ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ุงู„ุขู† ุฃู…ุฑ ู…ุฑุบูˆุจ ุจู‡ ูˆุจุดุฏุฉุŒ
12:29
some form of action or policy, some dietary prescription --
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ุนู…ู„ ุฃูˆ ุขู„ูŠุฉ ู…ุนูŠู†ุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุณุจูŠู„ ุงู„ู…ุซุงู„ ุŒ ุฃูˆ ูˆุตูุฉ ุบุฐุงุฆูŠุฉ
12:33
eat this, not that โ€”
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ุชู†ุงูˆู„ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุทุนุงู… ุŒ ูˆุชุฌู†ุจ ุฐุงูƒ.
12:35
but if we want to get it right,
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ู„ูƒู† ููŠ ุงู„ุญู‚ูŠู‚ุฉ ุŒ ุฅุฐุง ุฃุฑุฏู†ุง ุฃู† ู†ุนู„ู… ุงู„ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ
12:37
we're going to have to do much more rigorous science
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ูุฅู†ู‡ ูŠุฌุจ ุนู„ูŠู†ุง ุงู„ุนู…ู„ ุจุดูƒู„ ุนู„ู…ูŠ ุตุงุฑู… ูˆุฏู‚ูŠู‚
12:39
before we can write that prescription.
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ู‚ุจู„ ุฃู† ู†ุชู…ูƒู† ู…ู† ูƒุชุงุจุฉ ุชู„ูƒ ุงู„ูˆุตูุฉ.
12:42
Briefly, to address this, our research program
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ุจุดูƒู„ ู…ุฎุชุตุฑ ุŒ ุฅู† ุจุฑู†ุงู…ุฌู†ุง ุงู„ุจุญุซูŠ
12:44
is focused around three meta-themes, or questions.
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ูŠู‚ูˆู… ุจุงู„ุชุฑูƒูŠุฒ ุนู„ู‰ ุซู„ุงุซ ู…ูˆุถูˆุนุงุช ุฃูˆ ุฃุณุฆู„ุฉ.
12:47
First, how do the various foods we consume
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ุฃูˆู„ุงู‹ / ูƒูŠู ุชุคุซุฑ ู…ุฎุชู„ู ุงู„ุฃุทุนู…ุฉ ุงู„ุชูŠ ู†ุชู†ุงูˆู„ู‡ุง
12:50
impact our metabolism, hormones and enzymes,
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ุนู„ู‰ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุฃูŠุถ ุŒ ูˆุงู„ู‡ุฑู…ูˆู†ุงุช ุŒ ูˆุงู„ุฅู†ุฒูŠู…ุงุช
12:53
and through what nuanced molecular mechanisms?
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ูˆู…ุนุฑูุฉ ุขู„ูŠุฉ ุฐู„ูƒ ุจุดูƒู„ ุฏู‚ูŠู‚ ุนู„ู‰ ู…ุณุชูˆู‰ ุงู„ุฌุฒูŠุฆุงุช ุŸ
12:56
Second, based on these insights,
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ุซุงู†ูŠุงู‹ / ุงุณุชู†ุงุฏุงู‹ ุฅู„ู‰ ุฅุฌุงุจุฉ ุงู„ุณุคุงู„ ุงู„ุณุงุจู‚ ุŒ
12:58
can people make the necessary changes in their diets
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ู‡ู„ ูŠู…ูƒู† ู„ู„ู†ุงุณ ุฃู† ูŠู‚ูˆู…ูˆุง ุจุงู„ุชุบูŠูŠุฑุงุช ุงู„ู„ุงุฒู…ุฉ ููŠ ุฃู†ุธู…ุชู‡ู… ุงู„ุบุฐุงุฆูŠุฉ
13:01
in a way that's safe and practical to implement?
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ุจุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ุขู…ู†ุฉ ูˆุนู…ู„ูŠุฉุŸ
13:05
And finally, once we identify what safe
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ูˆุฃุฎูŠุฑุงู‹ / ู…ุง ุฅู† ู†ุนู„ู… ู…ุง ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุชุบูŠูŠุฑุงุช ุงู„ุขู…ู†ุฉ
13:08
and practical changes people can make to their diet,
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ูˆุงู„ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุชูŠ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ู…ูƒู† ุฃู† ูŠู‚ูˆู… ุจู‡ุง ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ููŠ ุฃู†ุธู…ุชู‡ู… ุงู„ุบุฐุงุฆูŠุฉุŒ
13:11
how can we move their behavior in that direction
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ูƒูŠู ูŠู…ูƒู†ู†ุง ุชูˆุฌูŠู‡ู‡ู… ู„ู‡ุง
13:15
so that it becomes more the default
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ุจุญูŠุซ ุชุตุจุญ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุชุบูŠูŠุฑุงุช ุฃู…ุฑุงู‹ ุงุนุชูŠุงุฏูŠ ูˆุงูุชุฑุงุถูŠ
13:17
rather than the exception?
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ุจุฏู„ุงู‹ ู…ู† ุฃู† ุชูƒูˆู† ุงู„ุงุณุชุซู†ุงุกุŸ
13:19
Just because you know what to do doesn't mean
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ุนู„ู…ูƒ ุจู…ุง ูŠุฌุจ ุนู„ูŠูƒ ุงู„ู‚ูŠุงู… ุจู‡ ู„ุง ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจุงู„ุถุฑูˆุฑุฉ
13:21
you're always going to do it.
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ุฃู†ูƒ ุณุชู‚ูˆู… ุจู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุฃู…ุฑ.
13:23
Sometimes we have to put cues around people
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ูŠุชูˆุฌุจ ุนู„ูŠู†ุง ุฃุญูŠุงู†ุงู‹ ูˆุถุน ุชู„ู…ูŠุญุงุช ูˆุฅุดุงุฑุงุช ู‚ุฑุจ ุงู„ุฃุดุฎุงุต ู„ุนู…ู„ ู…ุง ูŠุฌุจ ุนู„ูŠู‡ู… ุนู…ู„ู‡ุŒ
13:25
to make it easier, and believe it or not,
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ู„ุฌุนู„ ุงู„ุฃู…ูˆุฑ ุฃุณู‡ู„ ู„ู‡ู… ุŒ
13:27
that can be studied scientifically.
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ูˆููŠ ุงู„ุญู‚ูŠู‚ุฉ ุฃู†ู‡ ูŠู…ูƒู† ุฏุฑุงุณุฉ ุฐู„ูƒ ุจุดูƒู„ ุนู„ู…ูŠ.
13:31
I don't know how this journey is going to end,
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ู„ุง ุฃุนู„ู… ูƒูŠู ุณุชู†ุชู‡ูŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฑุญู„ุฉุŒ
13:33
but this much seems clear to me, at least:
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ู„ูƒู† ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฃู‚ู„ ู…ุง ุงุชุถุญ ู„ูŠ ูˆู‡ูˆ :
13:38
We can't keep blaming our overweight and diabetic patients
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ุฃู†ู‡ ู„ุง ูŠู…ูƒู†ู†ุง ุฃู† ู†ุณุชู…ุฑ ููŠ ุฅู„ู‚ุงุก ุงู„ู„ูˆู… ุนู„ู‰ ู…ุฑุถุงู†ุง ุงู„ุฐูŠู† ูŠุนุงู†ูˆู† ู…ู† ู…ุฑุถู‰ ุงู„ุณูƒุฑูŠ ูˆู…ู† ุฒูŠุงุฏุฉ ุงู„ูˆุฒู†
13:43
like I did.
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ูƒู…ุง ูุนู„ุช ู…ู† ู‚ุจู„ .
13:45
Most of them actually want to do the right thing,
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ู…ุนุธู…ู‡ู… ููŠ ุงู„ุญู‚ูŠู‚ุฉ ูŠุฑุบุจูˆู† ุจุนู…ู„ ุงู„ุฃู…ุฑ ุงู„ุตุญูŠุญุŒ
13:48
but they have to know what that is,
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ู„ูƒู† ุนู„ูŠู‡ู… ุฃู† ูŠุนู„ู…ูˆุง ุฃูˆู„ุงู‹ ู…ุง ู‡ูˆ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุฃู…ุฑ ุŒ
13:51
and it's got to work.
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ู„ูŠู†ุฌุญ ุงู„ู…ูˆุถูˆุน.
13:54
I dream of a day when our patients can
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ุฅู†ู†ูŠ ุฃุญู„ู… ุจุงู„ูŠูˆู… ุงู„ุฐูŠ ูŠุณุชุทูŠุน ููŠู‡ ู…ุฑุถุงู†ุง
13:59
shed their excess pounds
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ุงู„ุชุฎู„ุต ู…ู† ุงู„ุฃุฑุทุงู„ ุงู„ุฒุงุฆุฏุฉ
14:01
and cure themselves of insulin resistance,
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ู„ู…ุนุงู„ุฌุฉ ุฃู†ูุณู‡ู… ู…ู† ู…ู‚ุงูˆู…ุฉ ุงู„ุฅู†ุณูˆู„ูŠู†
14:03
because as medical professionals,
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ู„ุฃู†ู†ุง ูˆูƒู…ุชุฎุตุตูŠู† ููŠ ุงู„ุทุจุŒ
14:06
we've shed our excess mental baggage
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ู‚ู…ู†ุง ุจุงู„ุชุฎู„ุต ู…ู† ุงู„ุฃุญู…ุงู„ ุงู„ุฐู‡ู†ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุฒุงุฆุฏุฉ
14:08
and cured ourselves of new idea resistance sufficiently
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ูˆุนุงู„ุฌู†ุง ุฃู†ูุณู†ุง ู…ู† ู…ู‚ุงูˆู…ุฉ ุงู„ููƒุฑุฉ ุงู„ุฌุฏูŠุฏุฉ ุจุดูƒู„ ูƒุงููŠ
14:11
to go back to our original ideals:
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ู„ู†ุนูˆุฏ ู…ู† ุฌุฏูŠุฏ ุฅู„ู‰ ุฃุตู„ู†ุง :
14:15
open minds, the courage to throw out yesterday's ideas
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ุนู‚ูˆู„ ู…ู†ูุชุญุฉ ูˆู…ุชู‚ุจู„ุฉ ู„ู„ุฃููƒุงุฑ ุงู„ุฌุฏูŠุฏุฉ ุŒ ูˆู„ุฏูŠู‡ุง ุงู„ุฌุฑุฃุฉ ู„ุชู„ู‚ูŠ ุจุฃููƒุงุฑ ุงู„ุฃู…ุณ
14:19
when they don't appear to be working,
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ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ูŠุชุจูŠู† ุฃู†ู‡ุง ุบูŠุฑ ุตุงุฆุจุฉ ุฃูˆ ู„ุง ุชููŠ ุจุงู„ุบุฑุถุŒ
14:22
and the understanding that scientific truth isn't final,
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ุจุงู„ุฅุถุงูุฉ ุฅู„ู‰ ุฅุฏุฑุงูƒ ุฃู† ุงู„ุญู‚ูŠู‚ุฉ ุงู„ุนู„ู…ูŠุฉ ู„ูŠุณ ุซุงุจุชุฉุŒ
14:25
but constantly evolving.
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ูˆู„ูƒู†ู‡ุง ุชุชุทูˆุฑ ุจุงุณุชู…ุฑุงุฑ.
14:28
Staying true to that path will be better for our patients
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ุงู„ุจู‚ุงุก ููŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุทุฑูŠู‚ ุณูŠุตุจ ููŠ ู…ุตู„ุญุฉ ู…ุฑุถุงู†ุง
14:31
and better for science.
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ูˆู…ุตู„ุญุฉ ุงู„ุนู„ู… ุฃูŠุถุงู‹.
14:35
If obesity is nothing more than a proxy
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ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู†ุช ุงู„ุณู…ู†ุฉ ู…ุฌุฑุฏ ู…ููˆู‘ุถ ุฃูˆ ู…ูˆูƒู„
14:38
for metabolic illness,
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ู„ู…ุฑุถ ุฃูŠุถูŠ ุขุฎุฑุŒ
14:40
what good does it do us to punish those with the proxy?
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ู…ุง ุงู„ุฐูŠ ู†ุณุชููŠุฏู‡ ู…ู† ู…ุนุงู‚ุจุฉ ู…ู† ู„ุง ูŠุฏ ู„ู‡ู… ููŠู…ุง ุญุฏุซุŸ
14:45
Sometimes I think back to that night in the E.R.
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ุฃุญูŠุงู†ุงู‹ ุชุนูˆุฏ ุจูŠ ุงู„ุฐุงูƒุฑุฉ ู„ุชู„ูƒ ุงู„ู„ูŠู„ุฉ ููŠ ู‚ุณู… ุงู„ุทูˆุงุฑุฆ
14:49
seven years ago.
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ู‚ุจู„ ุณุจุนุฉ ุฃุนูˆุงู….
14:52
I wish I could speak with that woman again.
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ุฃุชู…ู†ู‰ ู„ูˆ ุฃุณุชุทูŠุน ุงู„ุชุญุฏุซ ุฅู„ู‰ ุชู„ูƒ ุงู„ู…ุฑุฃุฉ ู…ุฑุฉ ุฃุฎุฑู‰.
14:55
I'd like to tell her how sorry I am.
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ุฃูˆุฏ ุฃู† ุฃุฎุจุฑู‡ุง ูƒู… ุฃู†ุง ุขุณู ุนู„ู‰ ู…ุง ุญุฏุซ ู„ู‡ุง.
14:59
I'd say, as a doctor, I delivered
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ูŠู…ูƒู†ู†ูŠ ุงู„ู‚ูˆู„ ุฃู†ูŠ ููŠ ุชู„ูƒ ุงู„ู„ูŠู„ุฉ ู‚ุฏู…ุช ูƒุทุจูŠุจ
15:02
the best clinical care I could,
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ุฃูุถู„ ุฑุนุงูŠุฉ ุทุจูŠุฉ ูƒู†ุช ุฃู…ู„ูƒู‡ุง
15:05
but as a human being,
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ู„ูƒู† ูƒุฅู†ุณุงู†ุŒ
15:09
I let you down.
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ู„ู‚ุฏ ุฎูŠุจุช ุธู†ู‡ุง.
15:11
You didn't need my judgment and my contempt.
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ู„ู… ุชูƒูˆู†ูŠ ุจุญุงุฌุฉ ุฅู„ู‰ ุฃุญูƒุงู…ูŠ ูˆุขุฑุงุฆูŠ ุนู†ูƒ ุŒ ูˆุงุฒุฏุฑุงุฆูŠ.
15:16
You needed my empathy and compassion,
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ูƒู†ุช ุจุญุงุฌุฉ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ุดูู‚ุฉ ูˆุงู„ุนุทูุŒ
15:20
and above all else, you needed a doctor
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ูˆููˆู‚ ู‡ุฐุง ูƒู„ู‡ ุŒ ูƒู†ุช ุจุญุงุฌุฉ ุฅู„ู‰ ุทุจูŠุจ
15:22
who was willing to consider
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ูƒุงู† ู…ุณุชุนุฏุงู‹ ู„ุฃู† ูŠุถุน ุจุนูŠู† ุงู„ุงุนุชุจุงุฑ
15:25
maybe you didn't let the system down.
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ุจุฃู†ูƒ ุฑุจู…ุง ู„ู… ุชุฎูŠุจูŠ ุงู„ู†ุธุงู….
15:28
Maybe the system, of which I was a part,
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ู„ูƒู† ุฑุจู…ุง ุงู„ู†ุธุงู… ู‡ูˆ ู…ู† ุฎูŠุจ ุธู†ูƒ
15:31
was letting you down.
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ูˆุงู„ุฐูŠ ูƒู†ุช ุฃู†ุง ุฌุฒุกุงู‹ ู…ู†ู‡.
15:34
If you're watching this now,
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ุฅุฐุง ูƒู†ุช ุชุดุงู‡ุฏูŠู†ู†ูŠ ุงู„ุขู†ุŒ
15:36
I hope you can forgive me.
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ุขู…ู„ ู…ู†ูƒ ุฃู† ุชุณุงู…ุญูŠู†ูŠ.
15:41
(Applause)
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ุชุตููŠู‚
ุญูˆู„ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ูˆู‚ุน

ุณูŠู‚ุฏู… ู„ูƒ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ูˆู‚ุน ู…ู‚ุงุทุน ููŠุฏูŠูˆ YouTube ุงู„ู…ููŠุฏุฉ ู„ุชุนู„ู… ุงู„ู„ุบุฉ ุงู„ุฅู†ุฌู„ูŠุฒูŠุฉ. ุณุชุฑู‰ ุฏุฑูˆุณ ุงู„ู„ุบุฉ ุงู„ุฅู†ุฌู„ูŠุฒูŠุฉ ุงู„ุชูŠ ูŠุชู… ุชุฏุฑูŠุณู‡ุง ู…ู† ู‚ุจู„ ู…ุฏุฑุณูŠู† ู…ู† ุงู„ุฏุฑุฌุฉ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ู‰ ู…ู† ุฌู…ูŠุน ุฃู†ุญุงุก ุงู„ุนุงู„ู…. ุงู†ู‚ุฑ ู†ู‚ุฑู‹ุง ู…ุฒุฏูˆุฌู‹ุง ููˆู‚ ุงู„ุชุฑุฌู…ุฉ ุงู„ุฅู†ุฌู„ูŠุฒูŠุฉ ุงู„ู…ุนุฑูˆุถุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ูƒู„ ุตูุญุฉ ููŠุฏูŠูˆ ู„ุชุดุบูŠู„ ุงู„ููŠุฏูŠูˆ ู…ู† ู‡ู†ุงูƒ. ูŠุชู… ุชู…ุฑูŠุฑ ุงู„ุชุฑุฌู…ุงุช ุจุงู„ุชุฒุงู…ู† ู…ุน ุชุดุบูŠู„ ุงู„ููŠุฏูŠูˆ. ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ู„ุฏูŠูƒ ุฃูŠ ุชุนู„ูŠู‚ุงุช ุฃูˆ ุทู„ุจุงุช ุŒ ูŠุฑุฌู‰ ุงู„ุงุชุตุงู„ ุจู†ุง ุจุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู… ู†ู…ูˆุฐุฌ ุงู„ุงุชุตุงู„ ู‡ุฐุง.

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