Peter Attia: What if we're wrong about diabetes?

2,675,462 views ・ 2013-06-25

TED


μ•„λž˜ μ˜λ¬Έμžλ§‰μ„ λ”λΈ”ν΄λ¦­ν•˜μ‹œλ©΄ μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.

00:00
Translator: Joseph Geni Reviewer: Morton Bast
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λ²ˆμ—­: Hayoung Lee κ²€ν† : 민석 졜
00:12
I'll never forget that day
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μ €λŠ” 2006λ…„ λ΄„μ˜ 그날을
00:13
back in the spring of 2006.
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μ ˆλŒ€ μžŠμ§€ λͺ»ν•  κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:17
I was a surgical resident
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λ‹Ήμ‹œ μ €λŠ” μ‘΄μŠ€ν™‰ν‚¨μŠ€ λ³‘μ›μ˜
00:19
at The Johns Hopkins Hospital,
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μ™Έκ³Ό μˆ˜λ ¨μ˜λ‘œμ„œ
00:21
taking emergency call.
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응급 μ „ν™”λ₯Ό λ°›κ³  μžˆμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:23
I got paged by the E.R. around 2 in the morning
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μƒˆλ²½ 2μ‹œμ―€
00:26
to come and see a woman with a diabetic ulcer
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μ™€μ„œ 당뇨병성 μ‘±λΆ€ ꢀ양을 가진 여성을 보라고
00:28
on her foot.
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μ‘κΈ‰μ‹€μ—μ„œ ν˜ΈμΆœμ„ λ°›μ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:30
I can still remember sort of that smell of rotting flesh
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κ·Έλ…€λ₯Ό 보기 μœ„ν•΄ μ»€νŠΌμ„ κ±·μ—ˆμ„ λ•Œ
00:34
as I pulled the curtain back to see her.
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살이 μ©λŠ” λ“―ν•œ λƒ„μƒˆκ°€ λ‚˜λ˜ 게 아직도 기얡에 μƒμƒν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:38
And everybody there agreed this woman was very sick
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거기에 있던 λͺ¨λ“  μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ€ 이 μ—¬μ„±μ˜ 증세가 심각해
00:40
and she needed to be in the hospital.
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μž…μ›ν•΄μ•Ό ν•œλ‹€κ³  μƒκ°ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:41
That wasn't being asked.
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μ˜μ‹¬μ˜ 여지가 μ—†μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:43
The question that was being asked of me was a different one,
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μ €λŠ” μ€‘μš”ν•œ μ§ˆλ¬Έμ— λ‹΅ν•΄μ•Ό ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:45
which was, did she also need an amputation?
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그것은 κ·Έλ…€μ—κ²Œ μ ˆλ‹¨ 수술이 ν•„μš”ν•œκ°€ μ˜€μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:49
Now, looking back on that night,
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μ§€κΈˆ κ·Έλ‚  밀을 λ˜λŒμ•„λ³Ό λ•Œ
00:52
I'd love so desperately to believe that I treated that woman
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μ €λŠ” 제 μžμ‹ μ΄ κ·Έλ‚  λ°€ κ·Έ 여성을,
00:57
on that night with the same empathy and compassion
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3일 μ „ ν•˜λΆ€ μš”ν†΅μœΌλ‘œ 응급싀에 λ“€μ–΄μ™”μ§€λ§Œ
01:00
I'd shown the 27-year-old newlywed
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췌μž₯암이 진행 쀑인 κ²ƒμœΌλ‘œ 판λͺ…λœ
01:04
who came to the E.R. three nights earlier
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27μ‚΄μ˜ μ‹ ν˜Ό μ—¬μ„±μ—κ²Œ λ³΄μ˜€λ˜ 것과
01:06
with lower back pain
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같은 μ •λ„μ˜ μ—°λ―Όκ³Ό 인정을 가지고
01:08
that turned out to be advanced pancreatic cancer.
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κ·Έλ…€λ₯Ό λŒ€ν–ˆλ‹€κ³  μ ˆμ‹€νžˆ λ―Ώκ³  μ‹ΆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:12
In her case, I knew there was nothing I could do
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두 번째 μ—¬μžμ˜ 경우, μ •λ§λ‘œ κ·Έλ…€λ₯Ό κ΅¬ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄
01:14
that was actually going to save her life.
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μ œκ°€ ν•  수 μžˆλŠ” 일이 μ—†λ‹€λŠ” 것을 μ €λŠ” μ•Œκ³  μžˆμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:16
The cancer was too advanced.
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암은 λ„ˆλ¬΄ 많이 μ§„ν–‰λ˜μ–΄ μžˆμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:18
But I was committed to making sure that
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‚˜ μ €λŠ” κ·Έλ…€κ°€ λ”μš± νŽΈμ•ˆν•˜κ²Œ μžˆμ„ 수 μžˆλ„λ‘
01:21
I could do anything possible to make her stay
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μ œκ°€ ν•  수 μžˆλŠ” λͺ¨λ“  것을 ν•˜λ €κ³  λ…Έλ ₯ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:23
more comfortable. I brought her a warm blanket
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μ €λŠ” κ·Έλ…€μ—κ²Œ λ”°λœ»ν•œ λ‹΄μš”μ™€
01:26
and a cup of a coffee.
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컀피 ν•œ μž”μ„ κ°€μ Έλ‹€ μ£Όμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:28
I brought some for her parents.
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κ·Έλ…€μ˜ λΆ€λͺ¨λ‹˜μ—κ²Œλ„ κ°€μ Έλ‹€ λ“œλ Έμ§€μš”.
01:31
But more importantly, see, I passed no judgment on her,
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κ·Έλ ‡μ§€λ§Œ 더 μ€‘μš”ν•œ 것은,
01:34
because obviously she had done nothing
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μ œκ°€ 그녀에 λŒ€ν•΄ μ–΄λ– ν•œ 개인적인 νŽΈκ²¬λ„ 갖지 μ•Šμ•˜λ‹€λŠ” μ‚¬μ‹€μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:36
to bring this on herself.
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κ·Έλ…€ 슀슀둜 ν–‰λ™ν–ˆλ˜ κ²°κ³Ό λ•Œλ¬Έμ— κ·ΈλŸ¬ν•œ κ²°κ³Όκ°€ μ΄ˆλž˜λ˜μ—ˆλ˜ 것은 μ•„λ‹ˆμ—ˆμœΌλ‹ˆκΉŒμš”.
01:38
So why was it that, just a few nights later,
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그런데 겨우 λ©°μΉ  밀이 μ§€λ‚œ ν›„
01:41
as I stood in that same E.R. and determined
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같은 응급싀에 μ„œμ„œ 제 당뇨병 ν™˜μžμ—κ²Œ
01:44
that my diabetic patient did indeed need an amputation,
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μ ˆλ‹¨ 수술이 λΆ„λͺ…νžˆ ν•„μš”ν•˜λ‹€κ³  μƒκ°ν–ˆμ„λ•Œ
01:47
why did I hold her in such bitter contempt?
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μ €λŠ” μ™œ κ·Έλ…€λ₯Ό κ·Έλ ‡κ²Œ μ§€λ…νžˆ κ²½λ©Έν–ˆμ„κΉŒμš”?
01:51
You see, unlike the woman the night before,
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λ©°μΉ  μ „ 밀의 μ—¬μ„±κ³Ό 달리
01:54
this woman had type 2 diabetes.
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이 여성은 2ν˜• 당뇨병을 μ•“κ³  μžˆμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:56
She was fat.
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κ·Έλ…€λŠ” λš±λš±ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:58
And we all know that's from eating too much
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우리 λͺ¨λ‘λŠ” 이것이 λ„ˆλ¬΄ 많이 λ¨Ήκ³ 
01:59
and not exercising enough, right?
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μš΄λ™μ„ μΆ©λΆ„νžˆ ν•˜μ§€ μ•Šμ€ νƒ“μ΄λΌλŠ” 것을 μ•Œκ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€, κ·Έλ ‡μ£ ?
02:02
I mean, how hard can it be?
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λ‹€μ‹œ 말해, κ·Έλ ‡κ²Œ λ˜λŠ” 것도 μ–Όλ§ˆλ‚˜ μ–΄λ €μš΄ μΌμΈκ°€μš”?
02:04
As I looked down at her in the bed, I thought to myself,
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μΉ¨λŒ€ μœ„μ— κ·Έλ…€λ₯Ό λ‚΄λ €λ‹€ λ³΄λ©΄μ„œ μ €λŠ” μ†μœΌλ‘œ μƒκ°ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:07
if you just tried caring even a little bit,
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"당신이 μ‘°κΈˆμ΄λΌλ„ λ…Έλ ₯을 ν–ˆλ”λΌλ©΄,
02:10
you wouldn't be in this situation at this moment
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단 ν•œλ²ˆλ„ λ§Œλ‚œμ  μ—†λŠ” μ˜μ‚¬κ°€
02:13
with some doctor you've never met
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μžμ‹ μ˜ λ°œμ„ μ ˆλ‹¨ν•˜λ„λ‘ 내버렀두어야 ν•˜λŠ”
02:14
about to amputate your foot.
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μ§€κΈˆκ³Ό 같은 상황에 μ²˜ν•΄μžˆμ§€ μ•Šμ•˜μ„ κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€."
02:18
Why did I feel justified in judging her?
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μ™œ μ €λŠ” 그녀에 λŒ€ν•΄ νŽΈκ²¬μ„ κ°–λŠ” 것에 λŒ€ν•΄μ„œλŠ” μ •λ‹Ήν•˜λ‹€κ³  λŠκΌˆμ„κΉŒμš”?
02:22
I'd like to say I don't know.
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닡을 λͺ¨λ₯΄κ² λ‹€κ³  λ§ν•˜κ³  μ‹Άμ§€λ§Œ,
02:25
But I actually do.
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사싀은 μ•Œκ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:27
You see, in the hubris of my youth,
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μ €λŠ” μ Šμ€ μ‹œμ ˆ 치기 μ–΄λ¦° λ§ˆμŒμ—
02:29
I thought I had her all figured out.
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그녀에 λŒ€ν•΄μ„œ 제 μžμ‹ μ΄ 뭐든 λ‹€ μ•Œ 수 μžˆλ‹€κ³  μƒκ°ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:32
She ate too much. She got unlucky.
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항상 κ³Όμ‹ν•œ 데닀 μš΄λ„ μ—†μœΌλ‹ˆ
02:34
She got diabetes. Case closed.
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결과적으둜 당뇨병에 κ±Έλ¦° 거겠지. 끝.
02:37
Ironically, at that time in my life,
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μ•„μ΄λŸ¬λ‹ˆμ»¬ν•˜κ²Œλ„ κ·Έ λ‹Ήμ‹œ
02:39
I was also doing cancer research,
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μ €λŠ” μ•” 연ꡬ도 ν•˜κ³  μžˆμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:41
immune-based therapies for melanoma, to be specific,
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μžμ„Ένžˆ λ§ν•˜μžλ©΄, 흑색쒅에 λŒ€ν•œ λ©΄μ—­ 기반 μΉ˜λ£Œλ²•μ΄μ—ˆμ£ .
02:43
and in that world I was actually taught to question everything,
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그리고 κ·Έ λ™μ•ˆ μ €λŠ” λͺ¨λ“  것에 λŒ€ν•΄ μ˜λ¬Έμ„ μ œκΈ°ν•˜κ³ ,
02:47
to challenge all assumptions
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λͺ¨λ“  가정에 λŒ€ν•΄μ„œλŠ” κ°€μž₯ 높은 κΈ°μ€€μ˜ 과학적 기쀀에 비좰보고
02:49
and hold them to the highest possible scientific standards.
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μž¬κ³ μ°°ν•˜λ„λ‘ λ°°μ› μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:53
Yet when it came to a disease like diabetes
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κ·ΈλŸΌμ—λ„ 흑색쒅보닀 μ—¬λŸ λ°°λ‚˜ λ§Žμ€ 미ꡭ인듀을 사망에 이λ₯΄κ²Œ ν•˜λŠ”
02:57
that kills Americans eight times more frequently than melanoma,
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당뇨병 같은 μ§ˆλ³‘μ— λŒ€ν•΄μ„œλŠ”
03:00
I never once questioned the conventional wisdom.
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톡섀을 ν•œ λ²ˆλ„ μ˜μ‹¬ν•˜μ§€ μ•Šμ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:04
I actually just assumed the pathologic sequence of events
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μ €λŠ” 사싀 λ³‘λ¦¬μ μœΌλ‘œ λ¬˜μ‚¬λ˜λŠ” 진행과정 μžμ²΄κ°€
03:07
was settled science.
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μ™„μ„±λœ 과학이라고 μΆ”μ •ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:09
Three years later, I found out how wrong I was.
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μ‚Όλ…„ ν›„, μ €λŠ” μ œκ°€ μ–Όλ§ˆλ‚˜ 잘λͺ»λλŠ”지λ₯Ό μ•Œκ²Œ λ˜μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:13
But this time, I was the patient.
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μ΄λ²ˆμ—λŠ” μ œκ°€ ν™˜μžμ˜€μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:15
Despite exercising three or four hours every single day,
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ν•˜λ£¨μ— μ„œλ„ˆμ‹œκ°„μ„ μš΄λ™ν•˜κ³ 
03:19
and following the food pyramid to the letter,
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μŒμ‹ μš”λ²•μ„ μ² μ €νžˆ μ€€μˆ˜ν–ˆμŒμ—λ„ λΆˆκ΅¬ν•˜κ³ ,
03:22
I'd gained a lot of weight and developed something
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μ €λŠ” 체쀑이 많이 λŠ˜μ—ˆκ³ , λŒ€μ‚¬ μ¦ν›„κ΅°μ΄λΌλŠ”
03:24
called metabolic syndrome.
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병을 μ•“κ²Œ λ˜μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:26
Some of you may have heard of this.
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μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„ 쀑 μΌλΆ€λŠ” μ•„λ§ˆ 이것이 뭔지 듀어보셨을 κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:28
I had become insulin-resistant.
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μ €λŠ” 인슐린 저항성을 κ°–κ²Œ λ˜μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:31
You can think of insulin as this master hormone
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μΈμŠλ¦°μ€ 우리 λͺΈμ΄ μ„­μ·¨ν•œ μŒμ‹μ„
03:34
that controls what our body does with the foods we eat,
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μ—°μ†Œν•΄μ„œ μ—λ„ˆμ§€λ‘œ μ‚¬μš©ν• μ§€ μ•„λ‹ˆλ©΄ 체내에 μ €μž₯할지 ν†΅μ œν•˜λŠ”
03:38
whether we burn it or store it.
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주된 호λ₯΄λͺ¬ 같은 것이라고 μƒκ°ν•˜μ‹œλ©΄ λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:40
This is called fuel partitioning in the lingo.
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μ „λ¬Έ μš©μ–΄λ‘œλŠ” μ—°λ£Œ 뢄할이라고 ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:43
Now failure to produce enough insulin is incompatible with life.
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μΈμŠλ¦°μ„ μΆ©λΆ„νžˆ μƒμ‚°ν•˜μ§€ λͺ» ν•˜λ©΄ μ‚΄ 수 μ—†μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:46
And insulin resistance, as its name suggests,
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인슐린 저항성은 말 κ·ΈλŒ€λ‘œ
03:49
is when your cells get increasingly resistant
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μžμ‹ μ˜ 세포듀이 인슐린이 ν•˜λ €λŠ” 일의 νš¨κ³Όμ— λŒ€ν•΄
03:51
to the effect of insulin trying to do its job.
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갈수둝 μ €ν•­λ ₯이 κ°•ν•΄μ§€λŠ” 것을 λ§ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:55
Once you're insulin-resistant,
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일단 인슐린 저항성을 κ°–κ²Œ 되면,
03:57
you're on your way to getting diabetes,
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췌μž₯이 μ €ν•­λ ₯을 λͺ»μ΄κ²¨
03:58
which is what happens when your pancreas
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μΈμŠλ¦°μ„ μΆ©λΆ„νžˆ μƒμ‚°ν•˜μ§€ λͺ»ν•˜κ²Œ 되고
04:00
can't keep up with the resistance and make enough insulin.
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μ΄λ ‡κ²Œ 되면 당뇨병에 κ±Έλ¦¬λŠ” 것은 μ‹œκ°„ λ¬Έμ œμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:04
Now your blood sugar levels start to rise,
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곧이어 ν˜ˆλ‹Ή μˆ˜μΉ˜κ°€ μ¦κ°€ν•˜κΈ° μ‹œμž‘ν•˜κ³ 
04:06
and an entire cascade of pathologic events
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μ˜¨κ°– 병리적 진행듀이 λ’€λ”°λ₯΄λ©΄μ„œ
04:09
sort of spirals out of control that can lead to heart disease,
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ν†΅μ œν•  수 μ—†κ²Œ 되면
04:13
cancer, even Alzheimer's disease,
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심μž₯병, μ•”, 심지어 μ•ŒμΈ ν•˜μ΄λ¨Έλ³‘μ„ μœ λ°œν•˜κ³ ,
04:16
and amputations, just like that woman a few years earlier.
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λͺ‡ λ…„ μ „ κ·Έ μ—¬μ„±μ²˜λŸΌ, μ ˆλ‹¨ μˆ˜μˆ λ‘œλ„ μ΄μ–΄μ§ˆ 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:21
With that scare, I got busy changing my diet radically,
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λΆˆμ•ˆν–ˆλ˜ μ €λŠ” λ°”λΉ μ‘ŒμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:24
adding and subtracting things most of you would find
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μ‹μŠ΅κ΄€κ³Ό μƒν™œμŠ΅κ΄€μ„ μ™„μ „νžˆ λ°”κΏ¨μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:26
almost assuredly shocking.
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μ–΄λ–€ μ‹μœΌλ‘œ λ°”κΏ¨λŠ”μ§€ λ“€μœΌλ©΄ μ•„λ§ˆ λŒ€λΆ€λΆ„ 놀라싀 κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:29
I did this and lost 40 pounds, weirdly while exercising less.
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μ €λŠ” μ΄λ ‡κ²Œ ν•΄μ„œ, μ‹ κΈ°ν•˜κ²Œλ„ μš΄λ™μ„ 덜 ν•˜λ©΄μ„œλ„ 40 νŒŒμš΄λ“œ (μ•½ 18 ν‚¬λ‘œκ·Έλž¨) λ₯Ό λΊμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:33
I, as you can see, I guess I'm not overweight anymore.
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λ³΄μ‹œλ‹€μ‹œν”Ό, μ €λŠ” 더이상 과체쀑이 μ•„λ‹™λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:36
More importantly, I don't have insulin resistance.
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더 μ€‘μš”ν•œ 것은, 인슐린 저항성을 κ°–κ³  μžˆμ§€ μ•Šλ‹€λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:39
But most important, I was left
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ κ°€μž₯ μ€‘μš”ν•œ 것은,
04:41
with these three burning questions that wouldn't go away:
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제 머릿속을 λ– λ‚˜μ§€ μ•ŠλŠ” μ„Έ 가지 질문이 아직도 λ‚¨μ•˜λ‹€λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€:
04:44
How did this happen to me if I was supposedly
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λ‚΄κ°€ λͺ¨λ“  것을 μ˜¬λ°”λ₯΄κ²Œ ν–ˆλ‹€λ©΄
04:47
doing everything right?
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μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ λ‚˜μ—κ²Œ 이런 일이 μƒκ²ΌλŠ”κ°€?
04:50
If the conventional wisdom about nutrition had failed me,
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μ˜μ–‘μ— λŒ€ν•œ 톡섀이 λ‚˜λ₯Ό 저버렸닀면,
04:53
was it possible it was failing someone else?
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그것이 λ‹€λ₯Έ 이듀도 저버리고 μžˆμ„ κ°€λŠ₯성이 μžˆμ§€ μ•Šμ„κΉŒ?
04:56
And underlying these questions,
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μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ μ§ˆλ¬Έμ— λŒ€ν•΄ 닡을 μ°ΎλŠ” λ™μ•ˆ,
04:58
I became almost maniacally obsessed
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μ €λŠ” λΉ„λ§Œμ¦κ³Ό 인슐린 μ €ν•­μ„± μ‚¬μ΄μ˜
05:02
in trying to understand the real relationship
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μ§„μ •ν•œ 관계λ₯Ό μ΄ν•΄ν•˜λŠ” 일에
05:04
between obesity and insulin resistance.
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거의 κ΄‘μ μœΌλ‘œ μ§‘μ°©ν•˜κ²Œ λ˜μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:08
Now, most researchers believe obesity
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λŒ€λΆ€λΆ„μ˜ 연ꡬ원듀이 λΉ„λ§Œμ¦μ΄ 인슐린 μ €ν•­μ„±μ˜
05:11
is the cause of insulin resistance.
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원인이라고 λ―Ώκ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:14
Logically, then, if you want to treat insulin resistance,
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그럼 λ…Όλ¦¬μ μœΌλ‘œ 인슐린 저항성을 μΉ˜λ£Œν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄μ„œλŠ”
05:16
you get people to lose weight, right?
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μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ—κ²Œ 살을 빼라고 ν•˜λ©΄ 되겠죠, κ·Έλ ‡μ£ ?
05:18
You treat the obesity.
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λΉ„λ§Œμ„ μΉ˜λ£Œν•˜λŠ” κ²ƒμ΄μ§€μš”.
05:21
But what if we have it backwards?
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ μš°λ¦¬κ°€ 이것을 거꾸둜 μƒκ°ν•˜κ³  μžˆλ‹€λ©΄?
05:24
What if obesity isn't the cause of insulin resistance at all?
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λΉ„λ§Œμ¦μ΄ 인슐린 μ €ν•­μ„±μ˜ 원인이 μ•„λ‹ˆλΌλ©΄ μ–΄λ–€κ°€μš”?
05:27
In fact, what if it's a symptom of a much deeper problem,
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사싀 더 κΉŠμ€ λ¬Έμ œκ°€ 있고 λΉ„λ§Œμ¦μ€ ν‘œλ©΄μ μΈ 증상에 μ§€λ‚˜μ§€ μ•ŠλŠ”λ‹€λ©΄,
05:31
the tip of a proverbial iceberg?
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ν”νžˆ λ§ν•˜λŠ” λΉ™μ‚°μ˜ 일각일 뿐이라면 μ–΄λ–»κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆκΉŒ?
05:34
I know it sounds crazy because we're obviously in the midst
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μš°λ¦¬κ°€ μ§€κΈˆ λΉ„λ§Œμ΄ λ§Œμ—°ν•œ μ‚¬νšŒλ₯Ό μ‚΄κ³  μžˆκΈ°μ— μ œκ°€ ν•˜λŠ” 말이 말도 μ•ˆ λ˜λŠ” μ†Œλ¦¬μ²˜λŸΌ
05:36
of an obesity epidemic, but hear me out.
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듀릴 수 μžˆλ‹€λŠ” κ±Έ μ••λ‹ˆλ‹€. ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ λκΉŒμ§€ λ“€μ–΄μ£Όμ„Έμš”.
05:40
What if obesity is a coping mechanism
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λΉ„λ§Œμ¦μ΄ 세포 μ†μ—μ„œ μΌμ–΄λ‚˜λŠ”
05:43
for a far more sinister problem going on
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훨씬 더 λΆˆκΈΈν•œ 문제의
05:46
underneath the cell?
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λŒ€μ‘κΈ°μ œμ˜€λ‹€λ©΄ μ–΄λ–»κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆκΉŒ?
05:48
I'm not suggesting that obesity is benign,
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μ œκ°€ λΉ„λ§Œμ¦μ΄ 별일 μ•„λ‹ˆλΌκ³  λ§ν•˜λŠ” 것이 μ•„λ‹™λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:50
but what I am suggesting is it may be the lesser
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μ œκ°€ μ œμ‹œν•˜λŠ” 것은 두 μ‹ μ§„λŒ€μ‚¬μ˜ 병폐쀑
05:53
of two metabolic evils.
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κ·Έλ‚˜λ§ˆ λ‚˜μ€ 것일지도 λͺ¨λ₯Έλ‹€λŠ” μ μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:55
You can think of insulin resistance as the reduced capacity
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μ œκ°€ μ•žμ— μ–ΈκΈ‰ν–ˆλ“―μ΄ 인슐린 저항성은
05:58
of our cells to partition fuel,
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μš°λ¦¬κ°€ μ„­μ·¨ν•˜λŠ” μΉΌλ‘œλ¦¬μ€‘ μ λ‹Ήν•œ 양을
06:00
as I alluded to a moment ago,
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νƒœμš°κ³  μ €μž₯ν•˜λŠ”λ° μžˆμ–΄μ„œ μ—°λ£Œλ₯Ό λΆ„ν• ν•˜λŠ”
06:03
taking those calories that we take in
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06:04
and burning some appropriately and storing some appropriately.
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λŠ₯λ ₯이 κ°μ†Œν•˜λŠ” κ²ƒμœΌλ‘œ μƒκ°ν•˜μ‹œλ©΄ λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:08
When we become insulin-resistant,
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μš°λ¦¬κ°€ 인슐린 저항성을 κ°–κ²Œ 되면,
06:10
the homeostasis in that balance deviates from this state.
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κ· ν˜•μ΄ λ¬΄λ„ˆμ§€λ©΄μ„œ 항상성을 μœ μ§€ν•  수 μ—†κ²Œ λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:13
So now, when insulin says to a cell,
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이제 인슐린이 μ„Έν¬μ—κ²Œ
06:15
I want you to burn more energy
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세포가 μ•ˆμ „ν•˜λ‹€κ³  μƒκ°ν•˜λŠ” 양보닀 더 λ§Žμ€
06:17
than the cell considers safe, the cell, in effect, says,
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μ—°λ£Œλ₯Ό νƒœμš°λΌκ³  μ‹ ν˜Έλ₯Ό 보낼 λ•Œ, μ„Έν¬λŠ”
06:20
"No thanks, I'd actually rather store this energy."
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"μ‚¬μ–‘ν• κ²Œ, 이 μ—°λ£ŒλŠ” νƒœμš°μ§€ μ•Šκ³  μ €μž₯ν• κ±°μ•Ό," 라고 λ§ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:24
And because fat cells are actually missing most of
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그리고 지방 세포듀은 사싀 λ‹€λ₯Έ 세포듀과 달리
06:26
the complex cellular machinery found in other cells,
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내뢀에 λ³΅μž‘ν•œ 세포 쑰직듀이 λŒ€λΆ€λΆ„ μ—†κΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμ—
06:29
it's probably the safest place to store it.
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μ•„λ§ˆλ„ μ—λ„ˆμ§€λ₯Ό λ³΄κ΄€ν•˜κΈ°μ— κ°€μž₯ μ•ˆμ „ν•œ 곳일 κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:31
So for many of us, about 75 million Americans,
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μš°λ¦¬λ“€ 쀑 μƒλ‹Ήμˆ˜μΈ μ•½ 7,500만 λͺ…μ˜ λ―Έκ΅­μΈμ—κ²Œ
06:36
the appropriate response to insulin resistance
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인슐린 저항성에 λŒ€ν•œ μ μ ˆν•œ λŒ€μ‘ 방법은
06:40
may actually be to store it as fat, not the reverse,
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λΉ„λ§Œμ— μ˜ν•΄ 인슐린 저항성을 κ°–κ²Œ λ˜λŠ” κ²ƒκ³ΌλŠ” λ°˜λŒ€λ‘œ
06:45
getting insulin resistance in response to getting fat.
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μ—λ„ˆμ§€λ₯Ό μ§€λ°©μœΌλ‘œ μ €μž₯ν•˜λŠ” 것일지도 λͺ¨λ¦…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:50
This is a really subtle distinction,
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이것은 μ•„μ£Ό λ―Έλ¬˜ν•œ μ°¨μ΄μ§€λ§Œ
06:52
but the implication could be profound.
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κ·Έ 영ν–₯은 μ§€λŒ€ν•  수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:56
Consider the following analogy:
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λ‹€μŒμ˜ λΉ„μœ λ₯Ό κ³ λ €ν•΄ λ³΄μ„Έμš”:
06:58
Think of the bruise you get on your shin
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무심코 닀리λ₯Ό 컀피 ν…Œμ΄λΈ”μ— λΆ€λ”ͺ쳀을 λ•Œ
07:01
when you inadvertently bang your leg into the coffee table.
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정강이에 멍이 μƒκΈ°λŠ” 경우λ₯Ό 생각해 λ΄…μ‹œλ‹€.
07:05
Sure, the bruise hurts like hell, and you almost certainly
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λ¬Όλ‘  멍이 λ“€μ—ˆμœΌλ‹ˆ 많이 μ•„ν”„κ³ ,
07:08
don't like the discolored look, but we all know
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피뢀색이 λ³€ν•˜λŠ” 것을 λ°˜κΈ°λŠ” μ‚¬λžŒμ€ λˆ„κ΅¬λ„ μ—†κ² μ§€λ§Œ
07:11
the bruise per Se is not the problem.
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멍 μžμ²΄κ°€ λ¬Έμ œκ°€ μ•„λ‹ˆλΌλŠ” 것을 λ‹€λ“€ μ•Œκ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:14
In fact, it's the opposite. It's a healthy response to the trauma,
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사싀 κ·Έ λ°˜λŒ€μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ‘°κ°λ‚œ 세포λ₯Ό κ΅¬ν•˜κ³ 
07:18
all of those immune cells rushing to the site of the injury
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λͺΈμ˜ λ‹€λ₯Έ 곳으둜 감염이 νΌμ§€λŠ” 것을 λ°©μ§€ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄
07:21
to salvage cellular debris and prevent the spread
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λͺ¨λ“  λ©΄μ—­ 세포듀이 λΆ€μƒμž…μ€ 곳으둜 μ„œλ‘˜λŸ¬ λ‹¬λ €κ°€λŠ” 것은
07:24
of infection to elsewhere in the body.
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외상에 λŒ€ν•œ κ±΄κ°•ν•œ λ°˜μ‘μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:26
Now, imagine we thought bruises were the problem,
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만일 μš°λ¦¬κ°€ 멍 κ·Έ 자체λ₯Ό 문제라 κ°„μ£Όν•˜κ³ 
07:30
and we evolved a giant medical establishment
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멍을 μΉ˜λ£Œν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄ 각쒅 μ˜ν•™μ„€λΉ„λ₯Ό λ§Œλ“€κ³ 
07:33
and a culture around treating bruises:
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멍의 치료 μžμ²΄κ°€ λͺ©μ μΈ λ¬Έν™”λ₯Ό λ°œλ‹¬μ‹œμΌ°λ‹€κ³  상상해 λ³΄μ„Έμš”:
07:36
masking creams, painkillers, you name it,
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λ§ˆμŠ€ν‚Ή 크림, μ§„ν†΅μ œ λ“± μ–΄λ–€κ±°λ“ μ§€μš”.
07:39
all the while ignoring the fact that people
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λŠ” λ™μ•ˆ λ‚΄λ‚΄ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄ 아직도 정강이λ₯Ό 컀피 ν…Œμ΄λΈ”μ—
07:42
are still banging their shins into coffee tables.
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λΆ€λ”ͺ치고 μžˆλ‹€λŠ” 사싀을 λ¬΄μ‹œν•˜λ©΄μ„œ λ§μ΄μ—μš”.
07:45
How much better would we be if we treated the cause --
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원인을 ν•΄κ²°ν•˜λ©΄ 더 쒋지 μ•Šμ„κΉŒμš”?
07:48
telling people to pay attention
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μš°λ¦¬κ°€ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ—κ²Œ 거싀을 걸을 λ•Œ
07:50
when they walk through the living room --
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주의λ₯Ό 기울이라고 λ§ν•œλ‹€λ©΄ -- κ·Έλž˜μ„œ 결과보닀 원인을 μΉ˜λ£Œν•œλ‹€λ©΄
07:52
rather than the effect?
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μ–Όλ§ˆλ‚˜ 더 μ’‹μ„κΉŒμš”?
07:55
Getting the cause and the effect right
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인과 관계λ₯Ό μ œλŒ€λ‘œ μ΄ν•΄ν•˜λŠ” 것이
07:57
makes all the difference in the world.
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큰 차이λ₯Ό λ§Œλ“­λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:59
Getting it wrong, and the pharmaceutical industry
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잘λͺ» μ΄ν•΄ν•˜λ©΄,
08:02
can still do very well for its shareholders
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μ œμ•½μ—…κ³„μ˜ 주주듀은 λ§Žμ€ λˆμ„ λ²Œμ–΄λ“€μ΄κ² μ§€λ§Œ
08:05
but nothing improves for the people with bruised shins.
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정강이에 멍든 μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ—κ²ŒλŠ” κ°œμ„ λ˜λŠ” 것이 μ—†μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:09
Cause and effect.
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원인과 κ²°κ³Ό.
08:12
So what I'm suggesting is
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μ œκ°€ μ œμ•ˆν•˜λŠ” 것은,
08:14
maybe we have the cause and effect wrong
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μ–΄μ©Œλ©΄ μš°λ¦¬κ°€ λΉ„λ§Œκ³Ό 인슐린 저항성에 μžˆμ–΄μ„œ
08:16
on obesity and insulin resistance.
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원인과 κ²°κ³Όλ₯Ό ν˜Όλ™ν•˜κ³  μžˆλ‹€λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:19
Maybe we should be asking ourselves,
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μ–΄μ©Œλ©΄ μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 우리 μžμ‹ μ—κ²Œ μ΄λ ‡κ²Œ λ¬Όμ–΄μ•Ό 할지도 λͺ¨λ¦…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:21
is it possible that insulin resistance causes weight gain
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"적어도 λŒ€λΆ€λΆ„μ˜ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ˜ κ²½μš°μ—λŠ”
08:25
and the diseases associated with obesity,
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인슐린 저항성이 μ²΄μ€‘κ³Όλ‹€λ‚˜ λΉ„λ§Œκ³Ό κ΄€λ ¨λœ μ§ˆλ³‘λ“€μ„ μœ λ°œν• 
08:27
at least in most people?
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κ°€λŠ₯성이 μžˆμ§€ μ•Šμ„κΉŒ?"
08:28
What if being obese is just a metabolic response
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"μ–΄μ©Œλ©΄ λΉ„λ§Œμ€ κ·Έ μžμ²΄κ°€ λ¬Έμ œλΌκΈ°λ³΄λ‹€λŠ”
08:31
to something much more threatening,
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훨씬 더 근원적이고 μœ„ν˜‘μ μΈ μœ ν–‰λ³‘μ„ μ˜ˆκ³ ν•˜λŠ”
08:34
an underlying epidemic,
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μ‹ μ§„λŒ€μ‚¬μƒμ˜ 증상일 뿐이고,
08:36
the one we ought to be worried about?
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μš°λ¦¬κ°€ κ±±μ •ν•΄μ•Ό ν•˜λŠ” 건 더 근원적인 μœ ν˜•λ³‘μ΄ μ•„λ‹κΉŒ?"
08:38
Let's look at some suggestive facts.
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λͺ‡κ°€μ§€ μ‹œμ‚¬μ μΈ 사싀듀을 λ³΄κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:40
We know that 30 million obese Americans
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” λΉ„λ§ŒμΈ 미ꡭ인 3천만 λͺ…이
08:42
in the United States don't have insulin resistance.
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인슐린 저항성을 κ°–κ³  μžˆμ§€ μ•Šλ‹€λŠ” 것을 μ•Œκ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:45
And by the way, they don't appear to be at any
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그런데 그듀이 λ‹€λ₯Έ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€λ³΄λ‹€
08:47
greater risk of disease than lean people.
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μ§ˆλ³‘μ— 걸릴 ν™•λ₯ μ΄ λ†’μ•„ λ³΄μΈλ‹€κ³ λŠ” ν•  수 μ—†μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:50
Conversely, we know that six million lean people
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λ°˜λŒ€λ‘œ, 미ꡭ에 6백만 λͺ…μ˜ 마λ₯Έ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄
08:53
in the United States are insulin-resistant,
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인슐린 저항성을 κ°–κ³  μžˆλ‹€λŠ” 것을 μ•Œκ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:57
and by the way, they appear to be at even greater risk
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그런데 그듀은 μ œκ°€ μ’€ 전에 μ–ΈκΈ‰ν•œ λŒ€μ‚¬ μ§ˆν™˜μ—
09:00
for those metabolic diseases I mentioned a moment ago
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걸릴 ν™•λ₯ μ΄ λΉ„λ§ŒμΈ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€λ³΄λ‹€
09:02
than their obese counterparts.
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더 λ†’μ•„ λ³΄μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:04
Now I don't know why, but it might be because,
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μ™œ κ·ΈλŸ°μ§€ λͺ¨λ₯΄μ§€λ§Œ κ·Έλ“€μ˜ 경우
09:06
in their case, their cells haven't actually figured out
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세포듀이 아직 κ³Όμž‰ μ—λ„ˆμ§€λ₯Ό
09:09
the right thing to do with that excess energy.
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μ μ ˆν•˜κ²Œ μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ§€ λͺ»ν•΄μ„œ 일지도 λͺ¨λ¦…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:12
So if you can be obese and not have insulin resistance,
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λ”°λΌμ„œ λΉ„λ§Œμ΄λ©΄μ„œλ„ 인슐린 저항성을 갖지 μ•Šκ±°λ‚˜
09:15
and you can be lean and have it,
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λ§λžμœΌλ©΄μ„œλ„ 인슐린 저항성을 κ°€μ§ˆ 수 μžˆλ‹€λ©΄,
09:17
this suggests that obesity may just be a proxy
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이것은 λΉ„λ§Œμ΄ ν˜„μž¬ μΌμ–΄λ‚˜κ³  μžˆλŠ” 상황을
09:21
for what's going on.
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λŒ€μ‹  보여주고 μžˆλ‹€λŠ” 것을 μ‹œμ‚¬ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:24
So what if we're fighting the wrong war,
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λ”°λΌμ„œ λ§Œμ•½ μš°λ¦¬κ°€ 인슐린 저항성보닀 λΉ„λ§Œκ³Ό μ‹Έμš°λŠ”
09:27
fighting obesity rather than insulin resistance?
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잘λͺ»λœ μ „μŸμ„ ν•˜κ³  μžˆλ‹€λ©΄ μ–΄λ–»κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆκΉŒ?
09:31
Even worse, what if blaming the obese
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μ„€μƒκ°€μƒμœΌλ‘œ λΉ„λ§ŒμΈ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ„ νƒ“ν•˜λŠ”κ²Œ
09:34
means we're blaming the victims?
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ν”Όν•΄μžλ“€μ„ νƒ“ν•˜κ³  μžˆλ‹€λŠ” 뜻이라면 μ–΄λ–€κ°€μš”?
09:37
What if some of our fundamental ideas about obesity
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λΉ„λ§Œμ— λŒ€ν•œ 우리의 일뢀 기본적 인식이
09:40
are just wrong?
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ν‹€λ Έλ‹€λ©΄ μ–΄λ–»κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆκΉŒ?
09:42
Personally, I can't afford the luxury of arrogance anymore,
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개인적으둜 μ €λŠ” ν™•μ‹ ν•  수 μžˆκΈ°λŠ”μ»€λ…• μ˜€λ§Œμ„ 뢀릴 수 μžˆλŠ” μ—¬μœ μ‘°μ°¨
09:46
let alone the luxury of certainty.
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κ°–κ³  μžˆμ§€ μ•ŠμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:49
I have my own ideas about what could be at the heart of this,
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μ €λŠ” 무엇이 핡심적인 λ¬Έμ œμΈμ§€μ— λŒ€ν•΄ 개인적인 견해λ₯Ό 가지고 μžˆμ§€λ§Œ
09:52
but I'm wide open to others.
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λ‹€λ₯Έ μ˜κ²¬μ— λŒ€ν•΄μ„œλ„ 항상 μ—΄λ € μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:54
Now, my hypothesis, because everybody always asks me,
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ λͺ¨λ‘κ°€ 항상 μ €μ—κ²Œ 묻기 λ•Œλ¬Έμ— 이야기 ν•˜μžλ©΄,
09:56
is this.
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제 가섀은 μ΄λ ‡μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:58
If you ask yourself, what's a cell trying to protect itself from
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μΈμŠλ¦°μ— 저항적이 될 λ•Œ 세포가 λ¬΄μ—‡μœΌλ‘œ λΆ€ν„°
10:01
when it becomes insulin resistant,
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슀슀둜λ₯Ό λ³΄ν˜Έν•˜λŠ”κ°€λ₯Ό μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„ μŠ€μŠ€λ‘œμ—κ²Œ λ¬Όμ–΄λ³Έλ‹€λ©΄,
10:03
the answer probably isn't too much food.
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닡은 μ•„λ§ˆλ„ μ§€λ‚˜μΉœ μ–‘μ˜ μŒμ‹μ΄ 아닐 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:06
It's more likely too much glucose: blood sugar.
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λ„ˆλ¬΄ λ§Žμ€ 포도당, λ˜λŠ” ν˜ˆλ‹Ήμ΄λΌκ³  λŒ€λ‹΅ν•  κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:09
Now, we know that refined grains and starches
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자, μš°λ¦¬λŠ” μ •μ œλœ 곑λ₯˜μ™€ 녹말듀이
10:11
elevate your blood sugar in the short run,
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λ‹¨κΈ°μ μœΌλ‘œ ν˜ˆλ‹Ήμ„ μ¦κ°€μ‹œν‚¨λ‹€λŠ” 것을 μ•ŒκΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμ—
10:14
and there's even reason to believe that sugar
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λ‹Ήλ₯˜κ°€ μ§μ ‘μ μœΌλ‘œ 인슐린 저항성을 μΌμœΌν‚¨λ‹€κ³ 
10:15
may lead to insulin resistance directly.
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믿을 λ§Œν•œ μ΄μœ λ„ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:18
So if you put these physiological processes to work,
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μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ 생리학적인 과정듀이 μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ μΌμ–΄λ‚˜λŠ”μ§€λ₯Ό 보면
10:22
I'd hypothesize that it might be our increased intake
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μ •μ œλœ 곑λ₯˜, λ‹Ήλ₯˜μ™€, 녹말 μ„­μ·¨λŸ‰ 증가가
10:26
of refined grains, sugars and starches that's driving
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κ·Έμ € κ³Όμ‹μ΄λ‚˜ μš΄λ™ λΆ€μ‘± λ•Œλ¬Έμ΄ μ•„λ‹ˆλΌ
10:29
this epidemic of obesity and diabetes,
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인슐린 저항성을 ν†΅ν•΄μ„œ
10:33
but through insulin resistance,
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λΉ„λ§Œ μœ ν–‰μ„±κ³Ό 당뇨병을 μ΄ˆλž˜ν•œλ‹€λŠ”
10:35
you see, and not necessarily through just overeating and under-exercising.
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가섀을 μ„Έμš°λ €κ³  ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:39
When I lost my 40 pounds a few years ago,
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μ œκ°€ λͺ‡ λ…„μ „ 40 νŒŒμš΄λ“œ (μ•½ 18 ν‚¬λ‘œκ·Έλž¨)λ₯Ό λΊμ„λ•Œ,
10:42
I did it simply by restricting those things,
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μ €λŠ” κ·Έμ € 그런 것듀을 μ œν•œν•˜λ©΄μ„œ 체쀑 κ°λŸ‰μ„ ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:44
which admittedly suggests I have a bias
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μΈμ •ν•˜κ±΄λ° 이것은 개인적인 κ²½ν—˜μ„ 톡해 μ œκ°€ νŽΈκ²¬μ„
10:48
based on my personal experience.
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가지고 μžˆλ‹€λŠ” 것을 μ‹œμ‚¬ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:50
But that doesn't mean my bias is wrong,
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ κ·Έλ ‡λ‹€κ³  제 편견이 ν‹€λ Έλ‹€λŠ” λœ»μ€ μ•„λ‹ˆλ©°,
10:53
and most important, all of this can be tested scientifically.
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κ°€μž₯ μ€‘μš”ν•œ 것은 이 λͺ¨λ“  것이 κ³Όν•™μ μœΌλ‘œ 검증 κ°€λŠ₯ν•˜λ‹€λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:57
But step one is accepting the possibility
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ 첫 κ±ΈμŒμ€ λΉ„λ§Œμ„±, 당뇨병과
11:00
that our current beliefs about obesity,
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인슐린 저항성에 λŒ€ν•œ ν˜„μž¬μ˜ 신념이 잘λͺ»λ˜μ—ˆλŠ”지
11:02
diabetes and insulin resistance could be wrong
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검증을 ν•΄μ•Όν•  μˆ˜λ„ μžˆλ‹€λŠ” κ°€λŠ₯성을
11:05
and therefore must be tested.
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λ°›μ•„λ“€μ΄λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:08
I'm betting my career on this.
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μ €λŠ” 여기에 제 미래λ₯Ό κ±Έκ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:10
Today, I devote all of my time to working on this problem,
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ν˜„μž¬ 제 λͺ¨λ“  μ‹œκ°„μ„ 이 λ¬Έμ œμ— μŸμ•„λΆ“κ³  있고,
11:15
and I'll go wherever the science takes me.
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과학이 μ΄λ„λŠ” λŒ€λ‘œ λ‚˜μ•„κ°ˆ κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:18
I've decided that what I can't and won't do anymore
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μ €λŠ” 정닡을 λͺ¨λ₯΄λ©΄μ„œ 닡을 가진 μ²™ ν•˜λŠ” 것은
11:21
is pretend I have the answers when I don't.
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ν•  μˆ˜λ„ μ—†κ³  ν•˜μ§€λ„ μ•Šμ„ 것이라고 κ²°μ‹¬ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:24
I've been humbled enough by all I don't know.
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μ €λŠ” μ œκ°€ λͺ¨λ₯΄λŠ” λͺ¨λ“  κ²ƒλ“€λ‘œ 인해 μΆ©λΆ„νžˆ κ²Έμ†ν•΄μ‘ŒμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:28
For the past year, I've been fortunate enough
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μ§€λ‚œ ν•œ ν•΄ μ €λŠ” 운 μ’‹κ²Œλ„
11:31
to work on this problem with the most amazing team
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당뇨병과 λΉ„λ§Œ 연ꡬ에 μžˆμ–΄ κ°€μž₯ ν›Œλ₯­ν•œ νŒ€κ³Ό
11:34
of diabetes and obesity researchers in the country,
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ν•¨κ»˜ 이 문제λ₯Ό 규λͺ…ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄ μΌν–ˆκ³ ,
11:37
and the best part is,
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무엇보닀도 κ°€μž₯ μ’‹μ•˜λ˜ 것은
11:39
just like Abraham Lincoln surrounded himself with a team of rivals,
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μ•„λΈŒλΌν•¨ 링컨이 κ²½μŸμžλ“€μ„ κ°€κΉŒμ΄ 두고 μ§€λƒˆλ˜ κ²ƒμ²˜λŸΌ
11:43
we've done the same thing.
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μš°λ¦¬λ„ κ²½μŸμžλ“€κ³Ό ν•¨κ»˜ μ„±μž₯ν•  수 μžˆμ—ˆλ‹€λŠ” κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:44
We've recruited a team of scientific rivals,
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 이 λ¬Έμ œμ— λŒ€ν•΄
11:47
the best and brightest who all have different hypotheses
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μš°λ¦¬μ™€ λ‹€λ₯Έ 가섀듀을 가진, κ°€μž₯ μš°μˆ˜ν•œ 졜고의
11:51
for what's at the heart of this epidemic.
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과학적 κ²½μŸμžλ“€μ„ λͺ¨μ§‘ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:52
Some think it's too many calories consumed.
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μ–΄λ–€ 이듀은 λ„ˆλ¬΄ λ§Žμ€ μ–‘μ˜ 칼둜리 섭취라고 μƒκ°ν•˜κ³ ,
11:55
Others think it's too much dietary fat.
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λ‹€λ₯Έ 이듀은 λ„ˆλ¬΄ λ§Žμ€ 식이 지방이라고 μƒκ°ν•˜κ³ ,
11:57
Others think it's too many refined grains and starches.
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또 λ‹€λ₯Έ 이듀은 λ„ˆλ¬΄ λ§Žμ€ μ •μ œλœ 곑λ₯˜μ™€ 녹말이라고 μƒκ°ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:01
But this team of multi-disciplinary,
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닀학문적이고, 맀우 탐ꡬ적이며, λŒ€λ‹¨νžˆ 유λŠ₯ν•œ
12:03
highly skeptical and exceedingly talented researchers
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μ—°κ΅¬μ›λ“€λ‘œ λ§Œλ“€μ–΄μ§„ 이 λͺ¨λ“  νŒ€λ“€μ€
12:06
do agree on two things.
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λ‹€μŒ 두 가지에 λŒ€ν•΄ 전원이 λ™μ˜ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:09
First, this problem is just simply too important
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첫째둜, 이 λ¬Έμ œλŠ” ꡉμž₯히 μ€‘μš”ν•˜κΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμ— μš°λ¦¬κ°€ μ–΄μ„€ν”„κ²Œλ‚˜λ§ˆ 닡을 μ•Œκ³  μžˆλ‹€λŠ” 이유둜
12:12
to continue ignoring because we think we know the answer.
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κ·Έλƒ₯ λ„˜μ–΄κ°ˆ 수 μžˆλŠ” λ¬Έμ œκ°€ μ•„λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:15
And two, if we're willing to be wrong,
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λ‘˜μ§Έλ‘œ, μš°λ¦¬κ°€ 틀릴 μ€€λΉ„κ°€ λ˜μ–΄μžˆμœΌλ©°,
12:18
if we're willing to challenge the conventional wisdom
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과학이 μ œκ³΅ν•  수 μžˆλŠ” 졜고의 μ‹€ν—˜λ“€λ‘œ
12:20
with the best experiments science can offer,
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톡섀을 μ˜μ‹¬ν•  μ˜μ§€κ°€ μžˆλ‹€λ©΄,
12:23
we can solve this problem.
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 이 문제λ₯Ό ν•΄κ²°ν•  수 μžˆλ‹€.
12:26
I know it's tempting to want an answer right now,
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μ €λŠ” μ§€κΈˆ λ‹Ήμž₯ 닡을 μ•Œμ•˜μœΌλ©΄ ν•˜λŠ” λ§Žμ€ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ˜ 심정을 μ΄ν•΄ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:29
some form of action or policy, some dietary prescription --
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"이것을 먹어라, 그것은 λ¨Ήμ§€λ§ˆλΌ" 와 같은
12:33
eat this, not that β€”
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μ–΄λ–€ ν˜•νƒœμ˜ μ‘°μΉ˜λ‚˜ λ°©μΉ¨, 식이 μš”λ²• 처방과 같은 것듀이 있으면 ν•˜λŠ” κ±°κ² μ£ .
12:35
but if we want to get it right,
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ 이 문제λ₯Ό μ œλŒ€λ‘œ μ΄ν•΄ν•˜λ €λ©΄
12:37
we're going to have to do much more rigorous science
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그런 μ²˜λ°©μ„ μƒκ°ν•˜κΈ° 전에
12:39
before we can write that prescription.
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λ”μš± 더 μ² μ €ν•œ 과학적 검증이 ν•„μš”ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:42
Briefly, to address this, our research program
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κ°„λ‹¨νžˆ 말해, 이 문제λ₯Ό ν•΄κ²°ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄, 우리의 연ꡬ ν”„λ‘œκ·Έλž¨μ€
12:44
is focused around three meta-themes, or questions.
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μ„Έ κ°€μ§€μ˜ 메타 μ£Όμ œμ™€ μ§ˆλ¬Έμ— μ§‘μ€‘ν•˜κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:47
First, how do the various foods we consume
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첫째, μš°λ¦¬κ°€ μ„­μ·¨ν•˜λŠ” μŒμ‹μ΄ μ‹ μ§„λŒ€μ‚¬,
12:50
impact our metabolism, hormones and enzymes,
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호λ₯΄λͺ¬κ³Ό νš¨μ†Œλ“€μ— μ–΄λ–€ 영ν–₯을 λ―ΈμΉ˜λŠ”κ°€?
12:53
and through what nuanced molecular mechanisms?
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그리고 μ–΄λ–€ λ―Έλ¬˜ν•œ 차이λ₯Ό μ§€λ‹Œ λΆ„μžμ  λ©”μ»€λ‹ˆμ¦˜ ν†΅ν•΄μ„œμΈκ°€?
12:56
Second, based on these insights,
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λ‘˜μ§Έ, 이런 톡찰을 λ°”νƒ•μœΌλ‘œ
12:58
can people make the necessary changes in their diets
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μ•ˆμ „ν•˜κ³  μ‹€μš©μ μœΌλ‘œ μ‹€ν–‰ν•  수 μžˆλŠ” λ°©λ²•μœΌλ‘œ
13:01
in a way that's safe and practical to implement?
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μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ€ μ‹μŠ΅κ΄€μ— ν•„μš”ν•œ λ³€ν™”λ₯Ό λ§Œλ“€μ–΄ λ‚Ό 수 μžˆλŠ”κ°€?
13:05
And finally, once we identify what safe
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λ§ˆμ§€λ§‰μœΌλ‘œ, μš°λ¦¬κ°€ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄ μžμ‹ μ˜ μ‹μŠ΅κ΄€μ„ κ³ μΉ  수 μžˆλŠ”
13:08
and practical changes people can make to their diet,
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μ•ˆμ „ν•˜κ³  μ‹€μš©μ μΈ 방법듀을 μ•Œμ•„λ‚Έλ‹€λ©΄
13:11
how can we move their behavior in that direction
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그것이 μ˜ˆμ™Έμ μΈ μ§€μ‹μœΌλ‘œ λ‚¨λŠ” 것이 μ•„λ‹ˆλΌ
13:15
so that it becomes more the default
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μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ˜ κΈ°λ³Έ 행동 νŒ¨ν„΄μœΌλ‘œ μžλ¦¬μž‘μ„ 수 μžˆλ„λ‘
13:17
rather than the exception?
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μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ μ΄λŒμ–΄ λ‚˜κ°ˆ 것인가?
13:19
Just because you know what to do doesn't mean
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무엇을 ν•΄μ•Ό 할지 μ•ˆλ‹€λŠ” 것이
13:21
you're always going to do it.
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항상 μ‹€ν–‰ν•œλ‹€λŠ” μ˜λ―ΈλŠ” μ•„λ‹ˆκΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμ—
13:23
Sometimes we have to put cues around people
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λ•Œλ‘œλŠ” 보닀 μ‰½κ²Œ ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄
13:25
to make it easier, and believe it or not,
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μ‚¬λžŒλ“€ μ£Όμœ„μ— μ‹ ν˜Έλ₯Ό 놓아주어야 ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:27
that can be studied scientifically.
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λ―Ώκ±°λ‚˜ λ§κ±°λ‚˜ 그것은 κ³Όν•™μ μœΌλ‘œ 연ꡬ가 κ°€λŠ₯ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:31
I don't know how this journey is going to end,
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μ €λŠ” 이 여정이 μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ 끝날지 λͺ¨λ₯΄μ§€λ§Œ
13:33
but this much seems clear to me, at least:
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μ΄κ²ƒλ§Œμ€ λΆ„λͺ…ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:38
We can't keep blaming our overweight and diabetic patients
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” μ œκ°€ κ·Έλž¬λ“―μ΄ κ³„μ†ν•΄μ„œ λΉ„λ§Œμ΄λ‚˜ 당뇨병 ν™˜μžλ“€μ„
13:43
like I did.
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λΉ„λ‚œν•  μˆ˜λŠ” μ—†μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:45
Most of them actually want to do the right thing,
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κ·Έλ“€ λŒ€λΆ€λΆ„μ€ 사싀 μ˜³μ€ 일을 ν•˜κ³  μ‹Άμ–΄ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ,
13:48
but they have to know what that is,
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그러기 전에 그것이 무엇인지λ₯Ό μ•Œμ•„μ•Ό ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:51
and it's got to work.
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그리고 그것이 νš¨κ³Όκ°€ μžˆμ–΄μ•Ό ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:54
I dream of a day when our patients can
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μ €λŠ” 우리의 ν™˜μžλ“€μ΄ κ³Όμ€‘ν•œ 체쀑을 떨쳐내고
13:59
shed their excess pounds
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슀슀둜λ₯Ό 인슐린 μ €ν•­μ„±μœΌλ‘œλΆ€ν„°
14:01
and cure themselves of insulin resistance,
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μΉ˜μœ ν•  수 μžˆλŠ” 날을 κΏˆκΏ‰λ‹ˆλ‹€.
14:03
because as medical professionals,
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λ˜ν•œ μ „λ¬Έ μ˜λ£ŒμΈμœΌλ‘œμ„œ κ³Όμ€‘ν•œ 마음의 짐을 λ²—μ–΄ λ˜μ§€κ³ ,
14:06
we've shed our excess mental baggage
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μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ 생각에 μ €ν•­ν•˜λŠ” κ²ƒμœΌλ‘œλΆ€ν„°
14:08
and cured ourselves of new idea resistance sufficiently
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본래의 μƒκ°λ“€λ‘œ λŒμ•„κ°ˆ 만큼
14:11
to go back to our original ideals:
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우리 μžμ‹ μ„ μΆ©λΆ„νžˆ μΉ˜μœ ν•  날을 κΏˆκΏ‰λ‹ˆλ‹€.
14:15
open minds, the courage to throw out yesterday's ideas
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μ—΄λ¦° 마음, 진전을 보이지 μ•Šμ„ λ•Œ μ–΄μ œμ˜ 생각듀을
14:19
when they don't appear to be working,
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버릴 수 μžˆλŠ” 용기, 그리고
14:22
and the understanding that scientific truth isn't final,
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과학적 μ§„λ¦¬λŠ” μ ˆλŒ€μ μΈ 게 μ•„λ‹ˆλΌ
14:25
but constantly evolving.
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λŠμž„μ—†μ΄ μ§„ν™”ν•˜κ³  μžˆλ‹€λŠ” 생각같은 κ²ƒλ“€μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
14:28
Staying true to that path will be better for our patients
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이 길에 μΆ©μ‹€ν•˜λŠ”κ²Œ 우리 ν™˜μžλ“€μ„ μœ„ν•΄μ„œ 더 μ’‹κ³ ,
14:31
and better for science.
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과학을 μœ„ν•΄μ„œλ„ 더 쒋을 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
14:35
If obesity is nothing more than a proxy
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λΉ„λ§Œμ΄ μ‹ μ§„λŒ€μ‚¬ μ§ˆν™˜μ˜ λŒ€λ¦¬μžμ— λΆˆκ³Όν•˜λ‹€λ©΄,
14:38
for metabolic illness,
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그런 λŒ€λ¦¬μžλ₯Ό κ°–κ³  μžˆλŠ” μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ—κ²Œ
14:40
what good does it do us to punish those with the proxy?
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벌 μ£Όμ–΄μ„œ 쒋을 게 뭐가 μžˆμ„κΉŒμš”?
14:45
Sometimes I think back to that night in the E.R.
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가끔 7λ…„μ „ μ‘κΈ‰μ‹€μ—μ„œμ˜ 밀을
14:49
seven years ago.
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돌이켜 μƒκ°ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
14:52
I wish I could speak with that woman again.
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κ·Έ μ—¬μ„±κ³Ό λ‹€μ‹œ 이야기λ₯Ό λ‚˜λˆŒ 수 μžˆλ‹€λ©΄ μ’‹κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
14:55
I'd like to tell her how sorry I am.
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κ·Έλ…€μ—κ²Œ μ œκ°€ μ–Όλ§ˆλ‚˜ λ―Έμ•ˆν•œμ§€ λ§μ”€λ“œλ¦¬κ³  μ‹ΆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
14:59
I'd say, as a doctor, I delivered
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μ €λŠ” μ΄λ ‡κ²Œ λ§ν•˜κ³  μ‹Άμ–΄μš”. μ˜μ‚¬λ‘œμ„œ μ €λŠ” μ΅œμƒμ˜
15:02
the best clinical care I could,
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병상 κ°„ν˜Έλ₯Ό μ œκ³΅ν–ˆμ§€λ§Œ,
15:05
but as a human being,
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μΈκ°„μœΌλ‘œμ„œλŠ”
15:09
I let you down.
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당신을 μ Έλ²„λ ΈμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
15:11
You didn't need my judgment and my contempt.
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당신은 μ €μ˜ νŒλ‹¨μ΄λ‚˜ 경멸을 받을 ν•„μš”κ°€ μ—†μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
15:16
You needed my empathy and compassion,
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당신은 μ €μ˜ μ—°λ―Όκ³Ό 인정이 ν•„μš”ν–ˆκ³ ,
15:20
and above all else, you needed a doctor
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κ·Έ 무엇보닀 당신은
15:22
who was willing to consider
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μ–΄μ©Œλ©΄ 당신이 μ‹œμŠ€ν…œμ„ μ‹€λ§μ‹œν‚¨ 것이 μ•„λ‹ˆλΌ
15:25
maybe you didn't let the system down.
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μ €λ₯Ό ν¬ν•¨ν•œ 이 μ‹œμŠ€ν…œμ΄
15:28
Maybe the system, of which I was a part,
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당신을 저버린 것인지도 λͺ¨λ₯Έλ‹€κ³ 
15:31
was letting you down.
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생각해 쀄 μ˜μ‚¬κ°€ ν•„μš”ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
15:34
If you're watching this now,
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μ§€κΈˆ 이것을 보고 계신닀면,
15:36
I hope you can forgive me.
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μ €λ₯Ό μš©μ„œν•΄μ€„ 수 있기λ₯Ό λ°”λžλ‹ˆλ‹€.
15:41
(Applause)
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(λ°•μˆ˜)
이 μ›Ήμ‚¬μ΄νŠΈ 정보

이 μ‚¬μ΄νŠΈλŠ” μ˜μ–΄ ν•™μŠ΅μ— μœ μš©ν•œ YouTube λ™μ˜μƒμ„ μ†Œκ°œν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ „ 세계 졜고의 μ„ μƒλ‹˜λ“€μ΄ κ°€λ₯΄μΉ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μˆ˜μ—…μ„ 보게 될 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 각 λ™μ˜μƒ νŽ˜μ΄μ§€μ— ν‘œμ‹œλ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μžλ§‰μ„ 더블 ν΄λ¦­ν•˜λ©΄ κ·Έκ³³μ—μ„œ λ™μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. λΉ„λ””μ˜€ μž¬μƒμ— 맞좰 μžλ§‰μ΄ μŠ€ν¬λ‘€λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ˜κ²¬μ΄λ‚˜ μš”μ²­μ΄ μžˆλŠ” 경우 이 문의 양식을 μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬ λ¬Έμ˜ν•˜μ‹­μ‹œμ˜€.

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