What would happen if you didn’t sleep? - Claudia Aguirre

Prevodilac: Milenka Okuka Lektor: Mile Živković

In 1965, 17-year-old high school student, Randy Gardner

Godine 1965, 17-ogodišnji srednjoškolac Rendi Gardner

stayed awake for 264 hours.

je bio budan 264 časa.

That's 11 days to see how he'd cope without sleep.

To jest 11 dana, kako bi video kako će da izdrži bez sna.

On the second day, his eyes stopped focusing.

Drugog dana, oči su mu izgubile sposobnost usredsređivanja.

Next, he lost the ability to identify objects by touch.

Potom je izgubio sposobnost prepoznavanja predmeta dodirom.

By day three, Gardner was moody and uncoordinated.

Do trećeg dana, Gardner je bio ćudljiv i nekoordinisan.

At the end of the experiment, he was struggling to concentrate,

Do kraja eksperimenta imao je problema sa koncentracijom,

had trouble with short-term memory,

probleme sa kratkoročnim pamećenjem,

became paranoid,

postao je paranoičan

and started hallucinating.

i počeo je da halucinira.

Although Gardner recovered without long-term psychological

Iako se Gardner oporavio bez dugoročnih psiholoških

or physical damage,

ili fizičkih posledica,

for others, losing shuteye can result in hormonal imbalance,

kod drugih, gubitak sna može da rezultira hormonskom neravnotežom,

illness,

bolešću

and, in extreme cases, death.

i u ekstremnim slučajevima - smrću.

We're only beginning to understand why we sleep to begin with,

Naposletku, mi tek počinjemo da razumemo zašto spavamo,

but we do know it's essential.

ali znamo da je izuzetno važno.

Adults need seven to eight hours of sleep a night,

Odraslima je potrebno sedam do osam sati noćnog sna,

and adolescents need about ten.

a adolescentima je potrebno oko deset.

We grow sleepy due to signals from our body

Postajemo pospani zbog signala u našem telu

telling our brain we are tired,

koje govori našem mozgu da smo umorni,

and signals from the environment telling us it's dark outside.

kao i zbog signala iz okoline koji nam govore da je mračno napolju.

The rise in sleep-inducing chemicals,

Porast hemikalija koje pospešuju san,

like adenosine and melatonin,

poput adenozina i melatonina,

send us into a light doze that grows deeper,

šalju nas u laku dremku koja postaje sve dublja,

making our breathing and heart rate slow down

i zbog koje naše disanje i srčani ritam usporavaju

and our muscles relax.

a mišići nam se opuštaju.

This non-REM sleep is when DNA is repaired

U toku ovog ne-REM sna obnavlja se DNK

and our bodies replenish themselves for the day ahead.

i naša tela se osvežavaju za naredni dan.

In the United States,

U SAD-u,

it's estimated that 30% of adults and 66% of adolescents

procenjuje se da 30% odraslih i 66% adolescenata

are regularly sleep-deprived.

redovno ne spava dovoljno.

This isn't just a minor inconvenience.

Ovo nije samo manja neprijatnost.

Staying awake can cause serious bodily harm.

Održavanje budnosti može da nanese ozbiljnu štetu telu.

When we lose sleep,

Kada gubimo na snu,

learning,

učenje,

memory,

mood,

pamćenje,

raspoloženje

and reaction time are affected.

i vreme reagovanja su pogođeni.

Sleeplessness may also cause inflammation,

Nesanica može takođe da dovede do upala,

halluciations,

halucinacija,

high blood pressure,

visokog krvnog pritiska

and it's even been linked to diabetes and obesity.

i čak je dovođeno u vezu sa dijabetesom i gojaznošću.

In 2014, a devoted soccer fan died

Godine 2014, predani fudbalski navijač je umro

after staying awake for 48 hours to watch the World Cup.

nakon što je bio budan 48 sati kako bi gledao Svetsko prvenstvo.

While his untimely death was due to a stroke,

Iako je uzrok njegove prerane smrti bio moždani udar,

studies show that chronically sleeping fewer than six hours a night

istraživanja pokazuju da hronično spavanje kraće od šest sati po noći

increases stroke risk by four and half times

uvećava rizik od moždanog udara dvostruko i četvorostruko,

compared to those getting a consistent seven to eight hours of shuteye.

u poređenju sa onima koji redovno imaju sedam do osam sati sna.

For a handful of people on the planet who carry a rare inherited genetic mutation,

Za nekolicinu ljudi na planeti koji nose retku naslednu genetsku mutaciju,

sleeplessness is a daily reality.

nesanica je svakodnevica.

This condition, known as Fatal Familial Insomnia,

Ovo stanje, poznato kao fatalna familijarna insomnija,

places the body in a nightmarish state of wakefulness,

dovodi telo u grozomorno stanje budnosti,

forbidding it from entering the sanctuary of sleep.

sprečavajući ga da uđe u svetilište sna.

Within months or years,

U roku od nekoliko meseci ili godina,

this progressively worsening condition leads to dementia and death.

ovo stanje, koje se progresivno pogoršava, vodi u demenciju i smrt.

How can sleep deprivation cause such immense suffering?

Kako je moguće da lišavanje sna može da uzrokuje tako veliku patnju?

Scientists think the answer lies with the accumulation of waste prducts

Naučnici veruju da odgovor leži u gomilanju otpadnih materija

in the brain.

u mozgu.

During our waking hours,

Tokom sati budnosti,

our cells are busy using up our day's energy sources,

naše ćelije su zauzete korišćenjem dnevnih izvora energije,

which get broken down into various byproducts,

koji se razlažu na razne nusproizvode,

including adenosine.

uključujući adenozin.

As adenosine builds up,

Kako nivo adenozina raste,

it increases the urge to sleep, also known as sleep pressure.

povećava se potreba za snom, koja je poznata i kao pritisak za snom.

In fact, caffeine works by blocking adenosine's receptor pathways.

Zapravo, kofein funkcioniše tako što blokira receptore adenozina.

Other waste products also build up in the brain,

Druge otpadne materije se takođe gomilaju u mozgu

and if they're not cleared away, they collectively overload the brain

i, ako se ne počiste, sveukupno preopterećuju mozak

and are thought to lead to the many negative symptoms of sleep deprivation.

i veruje se da vode do mnogih negativnih simptoma nesanice.

So, what's happening in our brain when we sleep to prevent this?

Dakle, šta se dešava u našem mozgu kada spavamo što sprečava ovu pojavu?

Scientists found something called the glymphatic system,

Naučnici su pronašli nešto što se zove glimfatični sistem,

a clean-up mechanism that removes this buildup

mehanizam za čišćenje koji uklanja ova nagomilavanja

and is much more active when we're asleep.

i daleko je aktivniji kada spavamo.

It works by using cerebrospinal fluid to flush away toxic byproducts

Funkicioniše tako što koristi cerebrospinalnu tekućinu

kako bi isprao otrovne nusproizvode

that accumulate between cells.

koji se gomilaju između ćelija.

Lymphatic vessels, which serve as pathways for immune cells,

Limfni sudovi, koji služe kao putevi za imune ćelije,

have recently been discovered in the brain,

nedavno su otkriveni u mozgu

and they may also play a role in clearing out the brain's daily waste products.

i možda takođe igraju ulogu u raščišćavanju dnevnog otpada u mozgu.

While scientists continue exploring the restorative mechanisms behind sleep,

Dok naučnici nastavljaju sa istraživanjem obnovljivih mehanizama sna

we can be sure that slipping into slumber is a necessity

možemo da budemo sigurni da je uranjanje u dremež neophodnost,

if we want to maintain our health and our sanity.

ukoliko želimo da očuvamo naše zdravlje i naš razum.