What is depression? - Helen M. Farrell

Što je depresija ? - Helen M. Farrell

25,219,110 views

2015-12-15 ・ TED-Ed


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What is depression? - Helen M. Farrell

Što je depresija ? - Helen M. Farrell

25,219,110 views ・ 2015-12-15

TED-Ed


Dvaput kliknite na engleske titlove ispod za reprodukciju videozapisa.

Prevoditelj: Mirjana Zekic Recezent: Ivan Stamenković
00:07
Depression is the leading cause of disability in the world.
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Depresija je glavni uzrok invaliditeta u svijetu.
00:11
In the United States,
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U Americi,
00:12
close to 10% of adults struggle with depression.
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blizu 10% odraslih se bori s depresijom.
00:15
But because it's a mental illness,
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Kada je riječ o mentalnoj bolesti,
00:17
it can be a lot harder to understand than, say, high cholesterol.
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ona može biti puno teža za razumjeti od, recimo, visokog kolesterola.
00:21
One major source of confusion is the difference between having depression
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Jedan od glavnih izvora zabune je razlika između depresije
00:25
and just feeling depressed.
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i osjećaja deprimiranosti.
00:27
Almost everyone feels down from time to time.
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Gotovo svatko s vremena na vrijeme osjeća tugu.
00:31
Getting a bad grade,
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00:32
losing a job,
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gubitak posla,
00:33
having an argument,
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svađa,
00:34
even a rainy day can bring on feelings of sadness.
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pa čak i kišni dan mogu izazvati osjećaj tuge.
00:38
Sometimes there's no trigger at all.
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Ponekad ne postoji okidač za sve.
00:39
It just pops up out of the blue.
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To jednostavno iskače iz vedra neba.
00:42
Then circumstances change,
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Onda se okolnosti promijene,
00:43
and those sad feelings disappear.
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i tužni osjećaji nestanu.
00:46
Clinical depression is different.
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00:48
It's a medical disorder,
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To je medicinski poremećaj,
00:49
and it won't go away just because you want it to.
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i neće otići samo zato što to želite.
00:52
It lingers for at least two consecutive weeks,
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Ona se zadržava najmanje dva uzastopna tjedna,
00:55
and significantly interferes with one's ability to work,
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i značajno ometa nečiju sposobnosti za rad,
00:58
play,
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igru,
00:59
or love.
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ili ljubav.
01:00
Depression can have a lot of different symptoms:
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Depresija može imati mnogo različitih simptoma:
01:03
a low mood,
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loše raspoloženje,
01:04
loss of interest in things you'd normally enjoy,
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gubitak interesa za stvari u kojima bi inače uživali,
01:06
changes in appetite,
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promjene u apetitu,
01:08
feeling worthless or excessively guilty,
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osjećaja bezvrijednosti, pretjerane krivnje,
01:10
sleeping either too much or too little,
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previše ili premalo sna,
01:13
poor concentration,
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slaba koncentracija,
01:15
restlessness or slowness,
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uznemirenost ili usporenost,
01:17
loss of energy,
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gubitak energije,
01:18
or recurrent thoughts of suicide.
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ili uzastopna pomisao na samoubojstvo.
01:21
If you have at least five of those symptoms,
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Ako imate bar pet od ovih simptoma,
01:23
according to psychiatric guidelines,
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prema psihijatrijskim smjernicama,
01:25
you qualify for a diagnosis of depression.
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ispunjavate uvjete za dijagnou depresije.
01:28
And it's not just behavioral symptoms.
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I ne radi se samo o simptomima ponašanja.
01:31
Depression has physical manifestations inside the brain.
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Depresija se fizički manifestaira unutar mozga.
01:35
First of all,
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Kao prvo,
01:36
there are changes that could be seen with the naked eye
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radi se o promjenama koje su vidljive golim okom
01:39
and X-ray vision.
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i rendgenskim zrakama.
01:40
These include smaller frontal lobes and hippocampal volumes.
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To su smanjenje frontalnih režnjeva i hipokampnih volumena.
01:44
On a more microscale,
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Na više mikro,
01:46
depression is associated with a few things:
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depresija utječe na
01:49
the abnormal transmission or depletion of certain neurotransmitters,
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abnormalne prijenose ili brisanja određenih neurotransmitera,
01:53
especially serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine,
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posebno serotonina, norepinefrina, i dopamina,
01:56
blunted circadian rhythms,
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otupjelih cirkadijurnih ritmova,
01:58
or specific changes in the REM and slow-wave parts of your sleep cycle,
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ili posebnih promjena u REM-u te u fazi sporih valova ciklusa spavanja,
02:03
and hormone abnormalities,
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i hormonskih abnormalnosti,
02:05
such as high cortisol and deregulation of thyroid hormones.
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kao što su visoki kortizol i deregulacija hormona štitnjače.
02:10
But neuroscientists still don't have a complete picture
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No neuroznanstvenici još uvijek nemaju potpunu sliku
02:12
of what causes depression.
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onoga što uzrokuje depresiju.
02:15
It seems to have to do with a complex interaction between genes and environment,
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Čini se da ima veze sa složenom interakcijom između gena i okoliša,
02:20
but we don't have a diagnostic tool
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ali nemamo dijagnostički alat
02:21
that can accurately predict where or when it will show up.
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koji može točno predvidjeti gdje ili kada će se pojaviti.
02:26
And because depression symptoms are intangible,
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A budući da su simptomi depresije nematerijalni,
02:28
it's hard to know who might look fine but is actually struggling.
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teško ju je prepoznati kod osoba koje se naizgled dobro osjećaju
02:32
According to the National Institute of Mental Health,
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Prema Nacionalnom Institutu za Mentalno Zdravlje,
02:34
it takes the average person suffering with a mental illness
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prosječnoj osobi koja se bori s mentalnom bolešću treba
02:37
over ten years to ask for help.
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više od deset godina da bi zatražila pomoć.
02:41
But there are very effective treatments.
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No postoje vrlo učinkoviti tretmani.
02:43
Medications and therapy complement each other to boost brain chemicals.
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Lijekovi i terapija se nadopunjuju kako bi poboljšali kemiju mozga.
02:47
In extreme cases, electroconvulsive therapy,
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U ekstremnim slučajevima, electroconvulsivna terapija,
02:50
which is like a controlled seizure in the patient's brain,
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koja je kao kontrolirani napadaj u pacijentovu mozgu,
02:53
is also very helpful.
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također je vrlo korisna.
02:55
Other promising treatments,
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Obećavajući tretmani,
02:56
like transcranial magnetic stimulation,
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kao transkranijalne magnetske stimulacije,
02:59
are being investigated, too.
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se takoder istražuju.
03:01
So, if you know someone struggling with depression,
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Dakle, ako poznajete nekoga tko se bori s depresijom,
03:04
encourage them, gently, to seek out some of these options.
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nježno ga potaknite da potraži neke od tih opcija.
03:08
You might even offer to help with specific tasks,
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Možete čak i pomoći specifičnim zadacima,
03:11
like looking up therapists in the area,
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potragom terapeuta u zoni,
03:13
or making a list of questions to ask a doctor.
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ili pravljenjem popisa pitanja za liječnika.
03:16
To someone with depression,
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Za nekog s depresijom,
03:17
these first steps can seem insurmountable.
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prvi se koraci mogu činiti nepremostivima.
03:20
If they feel guilty or ashamed,
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Ako oni osjećaju krivnju ili sram,
03:23
point out that depression is a medical condition,
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naglasite da je depresija zdravstveno stanje,
03:25
just like asthma or diabetes.
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baš kao astma ili dijabetes.
03:27
It's not a weakness or a personality trait,
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To nije slabost ili osobina ličnosti,
03:30
and they shouldn't expect themselves to just get over it
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i ne trebaju očekivati da se sama od sebe riješi
03:33
anymore than they could will themselves to get over a broken arm.
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kao što ne bi mogli očekivati da slomjena ruka sama zacijeli.
03:36
If you haven't experienced depression yourself,
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Ako niste doživjeli depresiju,
03:39
avoid comparing it to times you've felt down.
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nemojte je uspoređivati s vremenskim periodima tuge.
03:42
Comparing what they're experiencing to normal, temporary feelings of sadness
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Uspoređujući ono što oni doživljavaju s normalnim, privremenim osjećajma tuge
03:46
can make them feel guilty for struggling.
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može učiniti da se osjećaju krivima za borbu.
03:49
Even just talking about depression openly can help.
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Čak i sam otvoren razgovor o depresiji može pomoći.
03:52
For example, research shows that asking someone about suicidal thoughts
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Na primjer, istraživanja pokazuju da razgovor o suicidalnim mislima
03:57
actually reduces their suicide risk.
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zapravo smanjuje rizik samoubojstva.
03:59
Open conversations about mental illness help erode stigma
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Otvoreni razgovori o duševnim bolestima pomažu u borbi protiv prerasuda
04:03
and make it easier for people to ask for help.
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i olakšavaju ljudsku potragu za pomoć.
04:06
And the more patients seek treatment,
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Što više pacijenata traži liječenje,
04:08
the more scientists will learn about depression,
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više će znanstvenici naučiti o depresiji,
04:10
and the better the treatments will get.
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i tretmani će postati bolji.
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