What is depression? - Helen M. Farrell

Translator: Aziza Pulatova Reviewer: Nazarbek Nazarov

Depression is the leading cause of disability in the world.

Depressiya dunyoda eng keng tarqalgan ruhiy xastalikdir.

In the United States,

Qo’shma Shtatlarda

close to 10% of adults struggle with depression.

10 foiziga yaqin katta yoshli aholi depressiya bilan kurashadi.

But because it's a mental illness,

Ruhiy xastalik bo’lgani bois, uni

it can be a lot harder to understand than, say, high cholesterol.

tushunish, aytaylik, tanadagi xolesterindan ko’ra ancha murakkab.

One major source of confusion is the difference between having depression

Asosiy chalkashliklardan biri depressiya

and just feeling depressed.

va tushkun kayfiyat o’rtasidagi farqdir.

Almost everyone feels down from time to time.

Deyarli hamma vaqti-vaqti bilan tushkunlik hissini tuyadi.

Getting a bad grade,

Yomon baho olish,

losing a job,

ishdan ayrilish,

having an argument,

urushib qolish,

even a rainy day can bring on feelings of sadness.

hattoki yomg’irli kun ham ma’yus hislarni chorlashi mumkin.

Sometimes there's no trigger at all.

Ba’zida hech qanday sabab bo’lmaydi.

It just pops up out of the blue.

U to’satdan paydo bo’ladi.

Then circumstances change,

Vaziyat o’zgarganidan so’ng,

and those sad feelings disappear.

bu ma'yus tuyg'ular g’oyib bo’ladi.

Clinical depression is different.

Klinik depressiya bundan farq qiladi.

It's a medical disorder,

U tibbiy kasallik hisoblanib,

and it won't go away just because you want it to.

istaklaringizga bo’ysunib, sizni shunchaki tark etmaydi.

It lingers for at least two consecutive weeks,

U kamida ikki haftadan oshiq davom etib,

and significantly interferes with one's ability to work,

kishining ishlash, o’ynash va sevish qobiliyatiga

play,

jiddiy

or love.

ta'sir ko'rsatadi.

Depression can have a lot of different symptoms:

Depressiyada turlicha alomatlar kuzatilishi

a low mood,

mumkin: tushkun

loss of interest in things you'd normally enjoy,

kayfiyat, odatiy yoqtirgan narsalariga

changes in appetite,

qizishning so'nishi, ishtahadagi

feeling worthless or excessively guilty,

o'zgarishlar, o'zini keraksiz va o'ta gunohkor

sleeping either too much or too little,

his qilish ortiqcha yoki o'ta kam uyqu,

poor concentration,

diqqatning pasayishi,

restlessness or slowness,

bezovtalik yoki harakat sustligi

loss of energy,

darmonsizlanish, yoki

or recurrent thoughts of suicide.

o’z joniga qasd qilishni beto'xtov o'ylash.

If you have at least five of those symptoms,

Psixiatrik qo’llanmalari bo'yicha sizda bu

according to psychiatric guidelines,

alomatlarning kamida beshtasi mavjudligi

you qualify for a diagnosis of depression.

sizga depressiya tashxisini qo’yadi.

And it's not just behavioral symptoms.

U faqat xulq-atvor alomatlaridangina iborat emas.

Depression has physical manifestations inside the brain.

Depressiya miyaning chuqur zonasidagi moddalarga ta'sir etadi.

First of all,

Bulardan dastlabkisi

there are changes that could be seen with the naked eye

rentgen yoki bevosita ko’z bilan ko’rish mumkin bo’lgan

and X-ray vision.

o’zgarishlardir.

These include smaller frontal lobes and hippocampal volumes.

Bular jumlasiga hajmi kichikroq bo’lgan frontal qobiq va gippokamp kiradi.

On a more microscale,

Yanada kichik miqyosda

depression is associated with a few things:

depressiya bir necha narsalar bilan aloqador:

the abnormal transmission or depletion of certain neurotransmitters,

neyromediatorlar oqimining normadan og’ishi yoki ayrimlaridan mahrumlik

especially serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine,

ayniqsa serotonin, norepereferin va dopamin

blunted circadian rhythms,

sirkadian ritmning buzulishi

or specific changes in the REM and slow-wave parts of your sleep cycle,

yoki REM va chuqur uyqu fazangizdagi muayyan o’zgarishlar

and hormone abnormalities,

va gormonal buzilishlar,

such as high cortisol and deregulation of thyroid hormones.

misol uchun yuqori kortizol va tireoid gormonlar muvozanatining buzulishi.

But neuroscientists still don't have a complete picture

Ammo, neyrologlar hanuzgacha depressiyaning paydo bo'lish

of what causes depression.

sabablarini to’laligicha bilmaydilar.

It seems to have to do with a complex interaction between genes and environment,

Bunga sabab genlar va muhit o’rtasidagi murakkab bog’lanish bo’lishi mumkin,

but we don't have a diagnostic tool

biroq bizda u qayerda va qachon

that can accurately predict where or when it will show up.

yuzaga kelishini oldindan aniq aytib beruvchi tashxis asbobi yo’q.

And because depression symptoms are intangible,

Depressiya alomatlari yaqqol ko’rinmasligi bois,

it's hard to know who might look fine but is actually struggling.

kishining ahvoli yaxshi-yu, ammo aziyat chekayotganini payqash qiyin.

According to the National Institute of Mental Health,

Millliy ruhiy salomatlik institutiga ko'ra, ruhiy

it takes the average person suffering with a mental illness

hastalikdan aziyat chekayotgan o’rtacha bir kishining

over ten years to ask for help.

yordam so’rab murojaat qilishi uchun o’n yil kerak.

But there are very effective treatments.

Samarali davo-muolajalari ham yo’q emas.

Medications and therapy complement each other to boost brain chemicals.

Dorilar va terapiya miyadagi kimyoviy moddalarga birgalikda ta'sir etadi.

In extreme cases, electroconvulsive therapy,

O’ta og’ir vaziyatlarda, elektrokonvulsif terapiya

which is like a controlled seizure in the patient's brain,

be’morning miyasida miya neyronlarini qo'zg'atuvchi elektr

is also very helpful.

oqimni yuborish ham juda foydali.

Other promising treatments,

Transkranial magnit

like transcranial magnetic stimulation,

stimulyasiyasi usuliga o’xshash boshqa istiqbolli

are being investigated, too.

muolajalar ham tadqiq etilmoqda.

So, if you know someone struggling with depression,

Depressiya bilan og’rigan biror kimsani bilsangiz,

encourage them, gently, to seek out some of these options.

ularni ehtiyotkorlik bilan bu muolajalarga undang.

You might even offer to help with specific tasks,

Muayyan vazifalarni o’z zimmangizga olishingiz,

like looking up therapists in the area,

atrofda joylashgan terapevtlarni izlash

or making a list of questions to ask a doctor.

yoki shifokor ko'rigi uchun savol tuzishingiz mumkin.

To someone with depression,

Depressiyaga chalingan inson uchun

these first steps can seem insurmountable.

bu ilk qadamlar ilojsizdek tuyulishi mumkin.

If they feel guilty or ashamed,

Agar o’zlarini aybdor yoki irodasiz his qilsalar

point out that depression is a medical condition,

depressiya ham xuddi astma yoki diabet kasalligi kabi

just like asthma or diabetes.

tibbiy kasallik ekanligini ayting.

It's not a weakness or a personality trait,

Bu ojizlik yoki shaxsiyat turi emas

and they shouldn't expect themselves to just get over it

va ular singan qo’li qanday tuzalgan bo’lsa,

anymore than they could will themselves to get over a broken arm.

shunday sog’ayib ketishni kutishlari befoyda.

If you haven't experienced depression yourself,

Agar depressiyani o’zingiz boshdan kechirmagan

avoid comparing it to times you've felt down.

bo'lsangiz, tushkunlik kezlaringiz bilan solishtirishdan yiroq bo’ling

Comparing what they're experiencing to normal, temporary feelings of sadness

Ularning kechinmalarini vaqtinchalik g'amginlik hislari bilan solishtirish

can make them feel guilty for struggling.

o’z holati uchun gunohkor his qilishi mumkin.

Even just talking about depression openly can help.

Depressiya to'g'risidagi ochiq suhbat ham foyda beradi.

For example, research shows that asking someone about suicidal thoughts

Tadqiqotlarga ko’ra, kimdandir suitsid to'g'risida so’rash aslida

actually reduces their suicide risk.

ularning o’z joniga qasd qilish xavfini kamaytiradi.

Open conversations about mental illness help erode stigma

Ruhiy hastalik to’g’risidagi ochiq suhbat stigmadan qutulishga yordam beradi

and make it easier for people to ask for help.

va insonlarni yordam so’rash jarayonini osonlashtiradi.

And the more patients seek treatment,

Qanchalik ko’p bemor davolanish

the more scientists will learn about depression,

chorasini izlagani sayin, olimlar depressiya haqida

and the better the treatments will get.

ko’proq o’rgana oladi va shifo topiladi.