Patrick Chappatte: The power of cartoons

翻译人员: Mingzi Qu 校对人员: Yanni Wu

So yeah, I'm a newspaper cartoonist --

对，我是一位报纸漫画家——

political cartoonist.

政治漫画家

I don't know if you've heard about it -- newspapers?

我不知道你们是否听说过——报纸？

It's a sort of paper-based reader.

它是一种以纸为媒介的读物

(Laughter)

（笑声）

It's lighter than an iPad,

它比iPod轻巧

it's a bit cheaper.

便宜一点

You know what they say?

你知道人们怎么说吗？

They say the print media is dying --

他们说印刷媒体正在消亡

who says that? Well, the media.

谁说的？嗯，媒体自己说的

But this is no news, right?

但这不是什么新闻了，是吗？

You've read about it already.

你们已经早有所闻了

(Laughter)

（笑声）

Ladies and gentlemen,

女士们，先生们

the world has gotten smaller.

世界已变得越来越小

I know it's a cliche, but look,

我知道这是陈词滥调，但瞧！

look how small,

瞧它有多小

how tiny it has gotten.

有多微不足道

And you know the reason why, of course.

当然，你们知道原因何在

This is because of technology -- yeah.

罪魁祸首是科学技术，是的

(Laughter)

（笑声）

Any computer designers in the room?

在这个房间里有电脑设计师吗？

Yeah well,

好吧

you guys are making my life miserable

你们这些家伙使我的生活变得不幸

because track pads used to be round,

因为触控板一直都是圆的

a nice round shape.

完美的圆形

That makes a good cartoon.

这能打造一幅好漫画

But what are you going to do with a flat track pad,

但是你们打算怎么对付一块平的触控板

those square things?

那些方方正正的东西？

There's nothing I can do as a cartoonist.

作为一个漫画家我无计可施

Well, I know the world is flat now.

好，我知道世界现在是平的了

That's true.

那千真万确

And the Internet has reached

因特网已经进入

every corner of the world,

世界的每个角落

the poorest, the remotest places.

甚至是最贫穷，最偏远的地区

Every village in Africa now has a cyber cafe.

现在非洲的每一个村庄都有公共网吧

(Laughter)

（笑声）

Don't go asking for a Frappuccino there.

别去那儿点杯星冰乐

So we are bridging the digital divide.

所以我们正架起连接信息鸿沟的桥梁

The Third World is connected,

连接起第三世界

we are connected.

连接起我们所有人

And what happens next?

那么下一步会发生什么？

Well, you've got mail.

好吧，你们收到了邮件

Yeah.

是呀

Well, the Internet has empowered us.

好吧，因特网给我们力量

It has empowered you,

给你力量

it has empowered me

给我力量

and it has empowered some other guys as well.

而且也给其他一些家伙力量

(Laughter)

(笑声）

You know, these last two cartoons --

你知道，这后面两张漫画是

I did them live

我当场

during a conference in Hanoi.

在河内的一次会议期间所作

And they were not used to that

在共产主义2.0版的越南

in communist 2.0 Vietnam.

他们对这些并不习惯

(Laughter)

（笑声）

So I was cartooning live on a wide screen --

所以我正在一个宽屏幕上当场作画

it was quite a sensation --

当时相当轰动

and then this guy came to me.

然后这家伙过来了

He was taking pictures of me and of my sketches,

他对着我和我的速写拍照

and I thought, "This is great, a Vietnamese fan."

我想：“太好了，一个越南粉丝。”

And as he came the second day,

当他第二天又来了的时候

I thought, "Wow, that's really a cartoon lover."

我想：“哇，真是个漫画爱好者！”

And on the third day, I finally understood,

直到第三天，我终于明白

the guy was actually on duty.

这家伙实际上是在执勤

So by now, there must be a hundred pictures of me

所以到现在为止，一定有一百多张我

smiling with my sketches

拿着我的速写笑对镜头的照片

in the files of the Vietnamese police.

存放在越南警察局的档案里

(Laughter)

（笑声）

No, but it's true: the Internet has changed the world.

不，但这千真万确：因特网已经改变了这个世界

It has rocked the music industry;

它已震撼了音乐产业

it has changed the way we consume music.

它改变了我们消费音乐的方式

For those of you old enough to remember,

你们中那些上了年纪的人一定记得

we used to have to go to the store

我们过去常常得走进店家

to steal it.

顺手牵羊

(Laughter)

（笑声）

And it has changed the way

而且因特网已经改变了

your future employer

你未来的老板

will look at your application.

审视你的应聘简历的方式

So be careful

所以小心

with that Facebook account --

你的facebook帐户

your momma told you, be careful.

你妈妈告诉过你，当心点准没错

And technology has set us free --

而且科学技术让我们获得自由

this is free WiFi.

这是免费的无线上网

But yeah, it has liberated us

但真的，它把我们

from the office desk.

从办公桌旁解放了出来

This is your life,

这就是你的生活

enjoy it.

尽情享受吧

(Laughter)

（笑声）

In short, technology, the internet,

简而言之，科技，因特网

they have changed our lifestyle.

它们已经改变了我们的生活方式

Tech guru, like this man --

科技领袖们，比如这位先生——

that a German magazine called the philosopher of the 21st century --

一本德国杂志称其为21世纪的哲学家

they are shaping the way we do things.

他们正塑造着我们的行事方式

They are shaping the way we consume.

他们正塑造着我们的消费方式

They are shaping our very desires.

他们正塑造着我们的特殊愿望

(Laughter)

（笑声）

(Applause)

（掌声）

You will not like it.

你不会喜欢

And technology has even changed

而且科技甚至已经改变了

our relationship to God.

我们同上帝的关系

(Laughter)

（笑声）

Now I shouldn't get into this.

现在我不该染指这一问题

Religion and political cartoons,

宗教和政治漫画

as you may have heard,

你们也许听说过

make a difficult couple,

很难成双入对

ever since that day of 2005,

自从2005年的那一天

when a bunch of cartoonists in Denmark

当时丹麦的一群漫画家

drew cartoons that had repercussions all over the world --

他们的漫画在全世界产生反响

demonstrations, fatwa,

游行，教令裁决

they provoked violence. People died in the violence.

他们挑起了暴力，人们在暴力中丧命

This was so sickening;

这是如此令人厌恶

people died because of cartoons.

人们因漫画而殒命

I mean --

我的意思是——

I had the feeling at the time

当时我有这种感觉

that cartoons had been used by both sides, actually.

实际上，那些漫画被事件的双方所利用

They were used first by a Danish newspaper,

最初它们被丹麦报纸所利用

which wanted to make a point on Islam.

报纸想证明其对伊斯兰教的看法

A Danish cartoonist told me he was one of the 24

一位丹麦漫画家告诉我，他是24位

who received the assignment to draw the prophet --

接受描画先知穆罕默德的任务的画家之一

12 of them refused. Did you know that?

你们知道吗？其中的12位画家拒绝了这一任务

He told me, "Nobody has to tell me what I should draw.

他告诉我：“没人能指挥我该画些什么，

This is not how it works."

漫画不是这样创作出来的。”

And then, of course, they were used

然后，当然，他们又被

by extremists and politicians on the other side.

另一方的极端分子和政治家所利用

They wanted to stir up controversy.

他们想要挑起争端

You know the story.

你们知道这个故事

We know that cartoons can be used as weapons.

我们知道，漫画可以被用作武器

History tells us,

历史告诉我们

they've been used by the Nazis

漫画曾被纳粹德国所利用

to attack the Jews.

来攻击犹太人

And here we are now.

而现在

In the United Nations,

在联合国

half of the world is pushing

世界上的一半国家正敦促

to penalize the offense to religion --

对冒犯宗教信仰进行惩戒——

they call it the defamation of religion --

他们称之为宗教诽谤——

while the other half of the world is fighting back

而世界的另一半的正在反击它

in defense of freedom of speech.

以保护言论的自由

So the clash of civilizations is here,

所以这就有了文明冲突

and cartoons are at the middle of it?

而漫画被夹在其中

This got me thinking.

这引起我的思考

Now you see me thinking

现在你看见我在苦思冥想

at my kitchen table,

在我的厨房桌旁

and since you're in my kitchen,

既然你们在我家厨房

please meet my wife.

请认识一下我的夫人

(Laughter)

（笑声）

In 2006, a few months after,

在2006年，也就是几个月后

I went Ivory Coast --

我去了象牙海岸——

Western Africa.

西部非洲

Now, talk of a divided place -- the country was cut in two.

现在，讨论一下一个分裂的地区。这个国家被分割成两部分

You had a rebellion in the North,

北部是叛军

the government in the South -- the capital, Abidjan --

政府军在南部，那里有首都，阿比让

and in the middle, the French army.

而中间是法国军队

This looks like a giant hamburger.

这看上去像一只巨大的汉堡包

You don't want to be the ham in the middle.

你不想成为夹在其中的火腿吧

I was there to report on that story

我在那儿报道那个事件

in cartoons.

用漫画的形式

I've been doing this for the last 15 years;

在过去的15年里我一直这样工作

it's my side job, if you want.

这是我的副业，如果你也想干的话

So you see the style is different.

所以你看，风格不一样

This is more serious than maybe editorial cartooning.

这也许比社论漫画更严肃

I went to places like Gaza

我去过一些地方，如加沙

during the war in 2009.

在2009年的战争期间

So this is really journalism in cartoons.

所以这是真正的新闻漫画

You'll hear more and more about it.

你会听到越来越多的关于它的内容

This is the future of journalism, I think.

我认为这是新闻工作的未来

And of course, I went to see the rebels in the north.

当然，我去见了北部的叛军

Those were poor guys fighting for their rights.

那是些为争取自己权利而战的穷小子

There was an ethnic side to this conflict

这场冲突中有种族因素

as very often in Africa.

这在非洲很常见

And I went to see the Dozo.

我还去见了当地土著Dozo人

The Dozo, they are the traditional hunters

这些当地的Dozo人是

of West Africa.

西非的传统猎人

People fear them --

人们惧怕他们

they help the rebellion a lot.

他们经常帮助叛军

They are believed to have magical powers.

人们相信他们有神奇的力量

They can disappear and escape bullets.

他们能隐身，还能避弹

I went to see a Dozo chief;

我去见了一位Dozo人酋长

he told me about his magical powers.

他告诉我他的这种神奇的力量

He said, "I can chop your head off right away

他说：“我可以马上把你的脑袋砍下来

and bring you back to life."

然后让你复活。“

I said, "Well, maybe we don't have time for this right now."

我说，“哦，也许现在我们没时间这么干。”

(Laughter)

（笑声）

"Another time."

“下次吧。”

So back in Abidjan,

那么回到阿比让

I was given a chance to lead a workshop

我有一次机会来领导一个工作室

with local cartoonists there

同那儿的当地漫画家一起

and I thought, yes,

我想，是的，

in a context like this, cartoons can really be used as weapons

在像这样一种情况下，漫画真的可以被用作武器

against the other side.

来对抗另一方

I mean, the press in Ivory Coast was bitterly divided --

我的意思是，象牙海岸的新闻界严重分裂

it was compared to the media in Rwanda

可以与

before the genocide --

种族灭绝前的卢旺达媒体相提并论

so imagine.

所以想象一下

And what can a cartoonist do?

一个漫画家可以有何作为？

Sometimes editors would tell their cartoonists

有时候编辑会告诉他们手下的漫画家

to draw what they wanted to see,

画些他们想看的东西

and the guy has to feed his family, right?

而这手下得养家糊口，对吗

So the idea was pretty simple.

这样构思就非常简单了

We brought together cartoonists

我们把

from all sides in Ivory Coast.

象牙海岸所有不同立场的漫画家聚集在一起

We took them away from their newspaper for three days.

我们让他们离开他们的报社3天

And I asked them to do a project together,

我要求他们一起合作一个项目

tackle the issues affecting their country

用漫画来处理困扰他们国家的问题

in cartoons, yes, in cartoons.

是的，用漫画的形式

Show the positive power of cartoons.

来表现漫画的积极力量

It's a great tool of communication

这是一种伟大的交流工具

for bad or for good.

不论是好是坏

And cartoons can cross boundaries,

漫画可以超越某些界限

as you have seen.

正如你所看见的

And humor is a good way, I think,

而且我认为，幽默是一种

to address serious issues.

表达严肃问题的好方式

And I'm very proud of what they did.

而且我对他们所作所为感到非常骄傲

I mean, they didn't agree with each other -- that was not the point.

我的意思是，他们并不互相苟同——那并不重要

And I didn't ask them to do nice cartoons.

而且我没有要求他们画好漫画

The first day, they were even shouting at each other.

第一天，他们甚至互相吼叫

But they came up with a book,

但是他们最终出了本书

looking back at 13 years

回顾了13年来

of political crisis in Ivory Coast.

象牙海岸的政治危机

So the idea was there.

所以他们的想法都在书里

And I've been doing projects like this,

而且我一直在做类似的项目

in 2009 in Lebanon,

2009年在黎巴嫩

this year in Kenya, back in January.

今年1月份，在肯尼亚

In Lebanon, it was not a book.

在黎巴嫩时，没有出书

The idea was to have --

构思建立在

the same principal, a divided country --

相同的原则上，一个分裂的国家——

take cartoonists from all sides

来自各方立场的漫画家

and let them do something together.

让他们一起合作

So in Lebanon,

于是在黎巴嫩

we enrolled the newspaper editors,

我们拉报纸编辑们入伙

and we got them to publish

而且我们让他们把

eight cartoonists from all sides all together on the same page,

来自敌对各方的8位漫画家的作品一起发表在同一版面上

addressing the issue affecting Lebanon,

讨论困扰黎巴嫩的问题

like religion in politics and everyday life.

如政治中的宗教问题和日常生活问题

And it worked.

这个方法起作用了

For three days, almost all the newspapers of Beirut

整整3天，几乎贝鲁特所有的报纸

published all those cartoonists together --

都一起发表了那些漫画作品

anti-government,

反政府报纸

pro-government,

亲政府报纸

Christian,

基督教报纸

Muslim, of course,

当然，还有穆斯林报纸

English-speaking, well, you name it.

英语报，嗯，你能想得到的所有报纸

So this was a great project.

所以这是一个了不起的项目

And then in Kenya, what we did

然后在肯尼亚，我们所做的项目

was addressing the issue of ethnicity,

是讨论种族问题

which is a poison in a lot of places in Africa.

这在非洲的许多地方是个棘手问题

And we did video clips --

而且我们制作了视频剪辑

you can see them if you go to YouTube/Kenyatoons.

如果你们上Youtube/kenyatunes就可以观看这个视频

So, preaching for freedom of speech

所以，在这儿宣扬言论自由

is easy here,

是小事一桩

but as you have seen

但是正如你所知道的

in contexts of repression or division,

在高压或分裂状态下

again, what can a cartoonist do?

一个漫画家又能做些什么呢？

He has to keep his job.

他得保住饭碗

Well I believe that in any context anywhere,

嗯， 我相信在任何地方的任何情况下

he always has the choice at least

他的选择总是起码

not to do a cartoon

避免作一幅漫画

that will feed hatred.

来助长人与人之间的仇恨

And that's the message I try to convey to them.

那就是我想向他们传达的信息

I think we all always have the choice in the end

我认为，无论是谁一直到最后都有机会选择

not to do the bad thing.

不做坏事

But we need to support

但是我们必须支持

these independent, critical

这些批判性的、

and responsible voices

负责任的声音

in Africa, in Lebanon,

不管是在非洲，还是在黎巴嫩

in your local newspaper,

不论是在当地的报纸上，

in the Apple store.

还是在苹果商店

Today, tech companies

如今，科技公司

are the world's largest editors.

成为世界上最大的编辑部

They decide what is too offensive

他们决定你们看的东西哪些太无礼

or too provocative for you to see.

哪些太具争议

So really, it's not about the freedom of cartoonists;

所以，真的，这不是事关漫画家的自由

it's about your freedoms.

这事关你们的自由

And for dictators all over the world,

而且对于全世界的独裁者来说

the good news

好消息就是

is when cartoonists,

当漫画家们

journalists and activists shut up.

记者们和社会活动积极分子们都闭嘴的时候

Thank you.

谢谢

(Applause)

（掌声）