What it was like to grow up under China's one-child policy | Nanfu Wang

Prevodilac: Tijana Ćopić Lektor: Ivana Krivokuća

My name is Nanfu.

Zovem se Nanfu.

In Chinese, "nan" means "man."

Na kineskom, „nan“ znači „muško“.

And "fu" means "pillar."

A „fu“ znači „stub“.

My family had hoped for a boy,

Moja porodica se nadala muškom detetu,

who would grow up to be the pillar of the family.

koji bi kasnije postao stub porodice.

And when I turned out to be a girl,

Uprkos tome što sam ispala žensko,

they named me Nanfu anyway.

svakako su me nazvali Nanfu.

(Laughter)

(Smeh)

I was born in 1985,

Rođena sam 1985,

six years before China announced its one-child policy.

šest godina pre nego što je Kina objavila politiku jednog deteta.

Right after I was born,

Odmah nakon mog rođenja,

the local officials came and ordered my mom to be sterilized.

došli su predstavnici lokalnih organa

i naredili mojoj mami da se steriliše.

My grandpa stood up to the officials,

Moj deda im se suprotstavio,

because he wanted a grandson to carry on the family name.

jer je želeo da ima unuka koji će da nasledi prezime.

Eventually, my parents were allowed to have a second child,

Na kraju, mojim roditeljima je dozvoljeno da imaju drugo dete,

but they had to wait for five years

ali morali su da sačekaju pet godina

and pay a substantial fine.

i da plate poveliku kaznu.

Growing up, my brother and I

Dok smo odrastali, moj brat i ja

were surrounded by children from one-child families.

bili smo okruženi jedincima.

I remember feeling a sense of shame

Sećam se da sam osećala sramotu

because I had a younger brother.

zato što sam imala mlađeg brata.

I felt like our family did something wrong for having two children.

Mislila sam da je moja porodica nešto zgrešila jer je imala dvoje dece.

At the time, I didn't question

Tada se nisam pitala

where this sense of shame and guilt came from.

odakle dolaze ti osećaji srama i krivice.

A year and a half ago, I had my own first child.

Pre godinu i po dana, rodila sam svoje prvo dete.

It was the best thing that ever happened in my life.

To je bila najlepša stvar koja mi se desila u životu.

Becoming a mother

Kada sam postala majka,

gave me a totally new perspective on my own childhood,

iz potpuno nove perspektive sam gledala na svoje detinjstvo,

and it brought back my memories of early life in China.

i to me je podsetilo na moj raniji život u Kini.

For the past three decades,

U prošle tri decenije,

everyone in my family had to apply for a permission from the government

svako u mojoj porodici morao je da traži dozvolu od vlade

to have a child.

kako bi imao dete.

And I wondered

I pitala sam se

what it was like for people who lived under the one-child policy.

kako li je bilo ljudima koji su živeli pod politikom jednog deteta.

So I decided to make a documentary about it.

Tako sam odlučila da napravim dokumentarac o tome.

One of the people I interviewed

Jedna od osoba koje sam intervjuisala

was the midwife who delivered all of the babies born in my village,

bila je babica koja je dočekala sve bebe u mom selu,

including myself.

uključujući i mene.

She was 84 years old when I interviewed her.

Imala je 84 godine kada sam je intervjuisala.

I asked her,

Pitala sam je:

"Do you remember how many babies you delivered throughout your career?"

„Da li se sećaš koliko beba si dočekala tokom celog svog rada?“

She didn't have a number for deliveries.

Za to nije mogla da mi kaže broj.

She said she had performed

Rekla je da je uradila

60,000 forced abortions and sterilizations.

60 000 prinudnih abortusa i sterilizacija.

Sometimes, she said,

Ponekad, rekla je,

a late-term fetus would survive an abortion,

stariji fetus preživeo bi abortus,

and she would kill the baby after delivering it.

i ona bi ubila bebu nakon porođaja.

She remembered how her hands would tremble

Sećala se kako su joj se ruke tresle

as she did the work.

dok je obavljala posao.

Her story shocked me.

Njena priča me je šokirala.

When I set out to make the film,

Kada sam odlučila da napravim film,

I expected it would be a simple story of perpetrators and victims.

očekivala sam de će to biti jednostavna priča o izvršiocima i žrtvama.

People who carried out the policy

O ljudima koji su sprovodili politiku

and people who are living with the consequences.

i ljudima koji žive sa posledicama.

But that wasn't what I saw.

Ali to nije bilo ono što sam videla.

As I was finishing my interview with the midwife,

Kada sam završavala intervju sa babicom,

I noticed an area in her house

primetila sam deo njene kuće

that was decorated with elaborate homemade flags.

koji je bio ukrašen detaljnim, ručno rađenim zastavama.

And each flag has a picture of a baby on it.

I svaka zastava ima sliku bebe na sebi.

These were flags that were sent by families

To su bile zastave koje su poslale porodice

whom she helped treat their infertility problems.

kojima je pomogla oko problema neplodnosti.

She explained that she had had enough

Objasnila je da joj je bilo dosta

of performing abortions and sterilizations --

abortusa i sterilizacija,

that the only work she did now was to help families have babies.

pa je sada jedini njen posao da pomogne porodicama da dobiju bebe.

She said she was full of guilt

Rekla je da je bila puna krivice

for carrying out the one-child policy,

zato što je sprovodila politiku jednog deteta,

and she hoped that by helping families have babies,

i nadala se da će pomaganjem porodicama da dobiju bebe

she could counteract what she did in the past.

moći da se iskupi za ono što je uradila u prošlosti.

It became clear to me she, too, was a victim of the policy.

Postalo mi je jasno da je i ona bila žrtva te politike.

Every voice was telling her

Sve u njoj joj je govorilo

that what she did was right and necessary for China's survival.

da su njeni postupci ispravni i neophodni za opstanak Kine.

And she did what she thought was right for her country.

Radila je ono što je mislila da je dobro za njenu zemlju.

I know how strong that message was.

Znam koliko je bila snažna ta poruka.

It was everywhere around myself when I grew up.

Bila je svuda oko mene dok sam odrastala.

It was printed on matches,

Štampana je na šibicama,

playing cards,

kartama za igru,

textbooks, posters.

udžbenicima, posterima.

The propaganda praising the one-child policy

Propaganda koja hvali politiku jednog deteta

was everywhere around us.

bila je svuda oko nas.

[Anyone who refuses to sterilize will be arrested.]

[Svako ko odbije sterilizaciju biće uhapšen]

And so were the threats against disobeying it.

A bile su tu i pretnje u slučaju neposlušnosti.

The message seeped into our minds

Poruke su nam toliko bile usađene u glave

so much so that I grew up feeling embarrassed

da sam odrastala sramoteći se

for having a younger brother.

toga što imam mlađeg brata.

With each person I filmed,

Snimajući ljude,

I saw how their minds and hearts can be influenced by the propaganda,

videla sam kako propaganda može da utiče na njihove umove i na njihova srca,

and how their willingness to make sacrifices for the greater good

i kako se njihova spremnost na žrtvovanje za nešto veće i bitnije

can be twisted into something very dark and tragic.

izvrće u nešto vrlo mračno i tragično.

China is not the only place where this happens.

Kina nije jedino mesto u kome se ovo dešava.

There is no country on earth where propaganda isn't present.

Ne postoji ni jedna jedina zemlja na svetu u kojoj nije prisutna propaganda.

And in societies that are supposed to be more open and free than China,

A u društvima koja bi trebalo da budu otvorenija i slobodnija nego u Kini,

it can be even harder to recognize what propaganda looks like.

može da bude još teže da se propaganda prepozna.

It hides in plain sight as news reports,

Sakriva se na otvorenom, u vestima,

TV commercials, political campaigning

reklamama, političkim kampanjama

and in our social media feeds.

i društvenim mrežama.

It works to change our minds without our knowledge.

Bez našeg primećivanja nam menja misli.

Every society is vulnerable to accepting propaganda as truth,

Svako društvo podložno je prihvatanju propagande kao istine,

and no society where propaganda replaces the truth

a nijedno društvo gde propaganda zamenjuje istinu

can be truly free.

ne može biti istinski slobodno.

Thank you.

Hvala vam.

(Applause)

(Aplauz)