What it was like to grow up under China's one-child policy | Nanfu Wang

1,015,037 views ・ 2019-09-10

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譯者: Lilian Chiu 審譯者: Shuyun Zhao
00:13
My name is Nanfu.
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我是男栿。
00:15
In Chinese, "nan" means "man."
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在中文,「男」意思是「男人」。
00:18
And "fu" means "pillar."
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而「栿」是樑柱。
00:21
My family had hoped for a boy,
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我的家人希望能生男孩,
00:23
who would grow up to be the pillar of the family.
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且這個男孩長大後能成為家中的支柱。
00:27
And when I turned out to be a girl,
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結果生出我這個女孩時,
00:29
they named me Nanfu anyway.
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他們還是把我命名為男栿了。
00:31
(Laughter)
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(笑聲)
00:33
I was born in 1985,
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我生於 1985 年,
00:35
six years before China announced its one-child policy.
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中國在六年後才宣佈一胎化政策。
00:40
Right after I was born,
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在我出生之後,
00:43
the local officials came and ordered my mom to be sterilized.
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地方官員就來找我母親, 命令她做結紮手術。
00:48
My grandpa stood up to the officials,
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我祖父站出來對抗官員,
00:51
because he wanted a grandson to carry on the family name.
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因為他希望能有個孫子來傳家。
00:55
Eventually, my parents were allowed to have a second child,
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最後,我父母被允許生第二個孩子,
01:00
but they had to wait for five years
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但必須要等五年,
01:02
and pay a substantial fine.
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且要支付一筆不小的罰金。
01:05
Growing up, my brother and I
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我和我弟弟在成長過程中,
01:08
were surrounded by children from one-child families.
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身邊都是獨子或獨女。
01:13
I remember feeling a sense of shame
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我還記得我當時感到羞恥,
01:16
because I had a younger brother.
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只因為我有個弟弟。
01:19
I felt like our family did something wrong for having two children.
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我覺得我的家庭有兩個孩子 就好像是做錯了事。
01:24
At the time, I didn't question
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當時,我並沒有去追究
01:25
where this sense of shame and guilt came from.
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這種羞恥感和罪惡感來自何處。
01:31
A year and a half ago, I had my own first child.
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一年半之前,我自己生了第一胎。
01:34
It was the best thing that ever happened in my life.
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那是我人生中最美好的事。
01:38
Becoming a mother
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成為母親
01:39
gave me a totally new perspective on my own childhood,
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讓我對於我自己的童年有了新的觀點,
01:43
and it brought back my memories of early life in China.
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我早期生活在中國的記憶被喚起。
01:49
For the past three decades,
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在過去三十年間,
01:51
everyone in my family had to apply for a permission from the government
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我家中的每一個人 都必須要向政府申請許可,
01:56
to have a child.
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才能生孩子。
01:58
And I wondered
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我很納悶,
01:59
what it was like for people who lived under the one-child policy.
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生活在一胎化政策下的人, 過的是怎樣的生活?
02:04
So I decided to make a documentary about it.
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所以我決定針對這個主題 拍一支紀錄片。
02:08
One of the people I interviewed
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我訪談的其中一個人
02:10
was the midwife who delivered all of the babies born in my village,
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是我的村子裡接生了所有寶寶的產婆,
02:16
including myself.
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我也是她接生的。
02:18
She was 84 years old when I interviewed her.
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我訪問她時,她已經八十四歲。
02:22
I asked her,
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我問她:
02:24
"Do you remember how many babies you delivered throughout your career?"
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「你記得你的職涯中 接生過多少個孩子嗎?」
02:28
She didn't have a number for deliveries.
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她沒有接生的人數。
02:31
She said she had performed
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但她說她進行了
02:34
60,000 forced abortions and sterilizations.
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六萬次強迫墮胎和結紮。
02:40
Sometimes, she said,
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她說,有時,
02:43
a late-term fetus would survive an abortion,
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晚期墮胎的胎兒會生存下來,
02:46
and she would kill the baby after delivering it.
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她必須要在接生孩子之後再將他殺死。
02:49
She remembered how her hands would tremble
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她還記得當她這麼做的時候,
她的雙手都在發抖。
02:53
as she did the work.
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02:55
Her story shocked me.
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她的故事讓我很震驚。
02:57
When I set out to make the film,
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當我決定要拍這部片子時,
03:00
I expected it would be a simple story of perpetrators and victims.
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我預期的是行兇者 和受害者之間的簡單故事。
03:04
People who carried out the policy
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執行政策的人,
03:06
and people who are living with the consequences.
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以及承受其後果繼續生活的人。
03:09
But that wasn't what I saw.
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但我看見的並非如此。
03:12
As I was finishing my interview with the midwife,
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在我和產婆的訪談尾聲,
03:15
I noticed an area in her house
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我注意到她的房子中有一區
03:17
that was decorated with elaborate homemade flags.
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用精心自製的旗子來裝飾。
03:21
And each flag has a picture of a baby on it.
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每一支旗子上面都有一個寶寶的照片。
03:26
These were flags that were sent by families
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她協助許多家庭處理不孕的問題,
03:29
whom she helped treat their infertility problems.
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這些旗子就是那些家庭送來的。
03:33
She explained that she had had enough
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她解釋說,她實在受夠了
03:36
of performing abortions and sterilizations --
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進行墮胎和結紮——
03:38
that the only work she did now was to help families have babies.
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現在她只做一種工作, 就是協助家庭生孩子。
03:44
She said she was full of guilt
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她說,實行一胎化政策
03:47
for carrying out the one-child policy,
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讓她充滿罪惡感,
03:50
and she hoped that by helping families have babies,
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她希望透過協助家庭生孩子,
03:53
she could counteract what she did in the past.
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她能夠彌補過去所做的行為。
03:57
It became clear to me she, too, was a victim of the policy.
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我意識到,她也是這項政策的受害者。
04:02
Every voice was telling her
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所有的聲音都在告訴她,
04:05
that what she did was right and necessary for China's survival.
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她做的是對的事, 為了中國的生存是必要的。
04:10
And she did what she thought was right for her country.
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她做了她認為對國家有幫助的事。
04:14
I know how strong that message was.
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我知道那種訊息有多強烈。
04:17
It was everywhere around myself when I grew up.
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在我成長過程中, 身邊到處都是那種訊息。
04:20
It was printed on matches,
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印在火柴盒上、
04:23
playing cards,
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撲克牌上、
04:24
textbooks, posters.
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教科書上、海報上。
04:27
The propaganda praising the one-child policy
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我們身邊到處都是 讚頌一胎化政策的宣傳。
04:29
was everywhere around us.
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04:30
[Anyone who refuses to sterilize will be arrested.]
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〔該環不環,該紮不紮,見了就抓。〕
不遵守政策要面臨的威脅 也是無所不在。
04:33
And so were the threats against disobeying it.
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04:35
The message seeped into our minds
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這個訊息滲入我們的腦中,
04:38
so much so that I grew up feeling embarrassed
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滲入的程度到了讓我在成長過程中
會因為我有弟弟就感到不好意思。
04:41
for having a younger brother.
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04:45
With each person I filmed,
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我每拍攝一個人,
04:49
I saw how their minds and hearts can be influenced by the propaganda,
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我就會看到他們的大腦和心
如何被宣傳所影響,
04:55
and how their willingness to make sacrifices for the greater good
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和他們肯為了更大的利益 而犧牲的意願
05:00
can be twisted into something very dark and tragic.
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如何被扭曲成又黑暗又可悲。
05:04
China is not the only place where this happens.
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這種事不只發生在中國。
05:08
There is no country on earth where propaganda isn't present.
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地球上的所有國家都會有宣傳。
05:14
And in societies that are supposed to be more open and free than China,
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在應該比中國更開放、 更自由的國家中,
05:18
it can be even harder to recognize what propaganda looks like.
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可能更難辨視出宣傳的樣貌。
05:23
It hides in plain sight as news reports,
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宣傳就隱藏在看不見的地方, 偽裝成新聞報導、
05:27
TV commercials, political campaigning
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電視廣告、政治活動,
05:31
and in our social media feeds.
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也藏在社交媒體的饋送中。
05:34
It works to change our minds without our knowledge.
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宣傳的作用是要在我們 不知情的情況下改變我們的想法。
05:40
Every society is vulnerable to accepting propaganda as truth,
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每個社會都很容易 會把宣傳當作真相來接受,
05:45
and no society where propaganda replaces the truth
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如果在一個社會中, 宣傳取代了真相,
05:48
can be truly free.
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它就不是真正自由的社會。
05:50
Thank you.
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謝謝。
05:51
(Applause)
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(掌聲)
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