What it was like to grow up under China's one-child policy | Nanfu Wang

996,193 views ・ 2019-09-10

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μ•„λž˜ μ˜λ¬Έμžλ§‰μ„ λ”λΈ”ν΄λ¦­ν•˜μ‹œλ©΄ μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.

λ²ˆμ—­: Bom lee κ²€ν† : Yunjung Nam
00:13
My name is Nanfu.
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제 이름은 λ‚œν‘Έμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:15
In Chinese, "nan" means "man."
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μ€‘κ΅­μ—μ„œ β€œλ‚œβ€μ€ β€œλ‚¨μžβ€λ₯Ό λœ»ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:18
And "fu" means "pillar."
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그리고 β€œν‘Έβ€μ˜ λœ»μ€ β€œκΈ°λ‘₯”이죠.
00:21
My family had hoped for a boy,
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우리 가쑱은 μžλΌμ„œ
00:23
who would grow up to be the pillar of the family.
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κ°€μ •μ˜ κΈ°λ‘₯이 될 λ‚¨μžλ₯Ό μ›ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:27
And when I turned out to be a girl,
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ μ œκ°€ μ—¬μžλ‘œ νƒœμ–΄λ‚¬μŒμ—λ„ λΆˆκ΅¬ν•˜κ³ 
00:29
they named me Nanfu anyway.
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제 이름을 λ‚œν‘Έλ‘œ μ§€μ—ˆλ˜ κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:31
(Laughter)
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(μ›ƒμŒ)
00:33
I was born in 1985,
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μ „ 1985년에 νƒœμ–΄λ‚¬μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:35
six years before China announced its one-child policy.
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쀑ꡭ이 ν•œ μžλ…€ 정책을 λ°œν‘œν•œ 지 6년이 μ§€λ‚œ ν›„ μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:40
Right after I was born,
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μ œκ°€ νƒœμ–΄λ‚œ 직후에
00:43
the local officials came and ordered my mom to be sterilized.
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지방 곡무원이 μ™€μ„œ μ €μ˜ μ—„λ§ˆμ—κ²Œ λΆˆμž„ μ‹œμˆ μ„ κΆŒν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:48
My grandpa stood up to the officials,
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ν• μ•„λ²„μ§€λŠ” κ°€μ‘±μ˜ 이름을 물렀쀄
00:51
because he wanted a grandson to carry on the family name.
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아듀을 μ›ν–ˆκΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμ—, 곡무원에 λ§žμ„°μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:55
Eventually, my parents were allowed to have a second child,
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κ²°κ΅­ λΆ€λͺ¨λ‹˜μ€ λ‘˜μ§Έλ₯Ό κ°€μ§ˆ 수 있게 ν—ˆλ½λ°›μ•˜μ§€λ§Œ,
01:00
but they had to wait for five years
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5년을 κΈ°λ‹€λ €μ•Ό ν–ˆκ³ ,
01:02
and pay a substantial fine.
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μƒλ‹Ήν•œ μ–‘μ˜ λ²ŒκΈˆμ„ λ‚΄μ•Ό ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:05
Growing up, my brother and I
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제 동생과 μ €λŠ”
ν•œ μžλ…€ κ°€μ‘±μœΌλ‘œ κ΅¬μ„±λœ λ§Žμ€ μΉœκ΅¬λ“€κ³Ό ν•¨κ»˜ μžλžμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:08
were surrounded by children from one-child families.
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01:13
I remember feeling a sense of shame
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μ œκ°€ λΆ€λ„λŸ½λ‹€κ³  느꼈던 것은
μ €μ—κ²Œ μ–΄λ¦° 남동생이 μžˆμ—ˆκΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:16
because I had a younger brother.
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01:19
I felt like our family did something wrong for having two children.
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우리 κ°€μ‘±μ—κ²Œ 두 아이가 μžˆλ‹€λŠ” 것이 잘λͺ»λœ 일이라고 μƒκ°ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:24
At the time, I didn't question
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κ·Έ μ‹œμ ˆ, 이런 자괴감과 μ£„μ˜μ‹μ΄ μ–΄λ””μ—μ„œλΆ€ν„° μ˜€λŠ”μ§€ μ˜λ¬Έμ„ 갖지 μ•Šμ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:25
where this sense of shame and guilt came from.
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01:31
A year and a half ago, I had my own first child.
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일 λ…„ 반 전에, μ €μ˜ 첫 아이λ₯Ό λ‚³μ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:34
It was the best thing that ever happened in my life.
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정말 제 삢에 μ–΄λ–€ 일보닀도 더 νŠΉλ³„ν•œ μˆœκ°„μ΄μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:38
Becoming a mother
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μ—„λ§ˆκ°€ λ˜μ—ˆλ‹€λŠ” 것은,
01:39
gave me a totally new perspective on my own childhood,
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μ €μ˜ μ–΄λ¦° μ‹œμ ˆμ— λŒ€ν•œ μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ 관점을 κ°–κ²Œ ν•΄ μ£Όμ—ˆκ³ ,
01:43
and it brought back my memories of early life in China.
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μ€‘κ΅­μ—μ„œμ˜ 보낸 μ–΄λ¦° μ‹œμ ˆμ— λŒ€ν•œ 기얡도 μƒκΈ°μ‹œμΌ°μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:49
For the past three decades,
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κ³Όκ±° 30λ…„ λ™μ•ˆ,
01:51
everyone in my family had to apply for a permission from the government
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우리 κ°€μ‘±μ˜ λͺ¨λ‘λŠ” μ •λΆ€λ‘œλΆ€ν„° 아이λ₯Ό 낳아도 λœλ‹€λŠ”
01:56
to have a child.
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ν—ˆκ°€λ₯Ό λ°›μ•„μ•Ό ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:58
And I wondered
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μ „ ν•œ μžλ…€ μ •μ±…μ˜ 영ν–₯ μ•„λž˜
01:59
what it was like for people who lived under the one-child policy.
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μ‚΄μ•˜λ˜ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ˜ 삢은 어땠을지 κΆκΈˆν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:04
So I decided to make a documentary about it.
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ μ „ 이 상황에 λŒ€ν•œ λ‹€νλ©˜ν„°λ¦¬λ₯Ό λ§Œλ“€κΈ°λ‘œ ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:08
One of the people I interviewed
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μ œκ°€ 인터뷰 ν•œ μ‚¬λžŒ 쀑 ν•œ λͺ…은 μ‘°μ‚°μ‚¬μ˜€μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:10
was the midwife who delivered all of the babies born in my village,
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μ œκ°€ μ‚΄λ˜ κ³³μ—μ„œ νƒœμ–΄λ‚œ λͺ¨λ“  μ•„μ΄μ˜ μΆœμ‚°μ„ λ„μ™”λ˜ λΆ„μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:16
including myself.
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μ €λ₯Ό ν¬ν•¨ν•΄μ„œμš”.
02:18
She was 84 years old when I interviewed her.
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μ œκ°€ 그뢄을 λ§Œλ‚¬μ„ λ•Œ κ·ΈλΆ„μ˜ λ‚˜μ΄λŠ” 84μ„Έμ˜€μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:22
I asked her,
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μ „ κ·ΈλΆ„κ»˜ λ¬Όμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:24
"Do you remember how many babies you delivered throughout your career?"
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β€œμ‘°μ‚°μ‚¬λ‘œ μΌν•˜μ‹œλ©΄μ„œ μ–Όλ§ˆλ‚˜ λ§Žμ€ μ‚°λͺ¨μ˜ μΆœμ‚°μ„ λ„μ™”λŠ”μ§€ κΈ°μ–΅ν•˜μ‹œλ‚˜μš”?”
02:28
She didn't have a number for deliveries.
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그뢄은 μΆœμ‚°μ„ λͺ‡ λ²ˆμ΄λ‚˜ λ„μ™”λŠ”μ§€λŠ” κΈ°μ–΅ν•˜μ§€ λͺ»ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:31
She said she had performed
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그뢄은 κ·Έλ™μ•ˆ
60,000번의 μœ μ‚°κ³Ό λΆˆμž„ μˆ˜μˆ μ„ ν–‰ν•΄μ™”λ‹€κ³  λ§ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:34
60,000 forced abortions and sterilizations.
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02:40
Sometimes, she said,
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κ°„ν˜Ή, 그뢄은
02:43
a late-term fetus would survive an abortion,
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μž„μ‹  말기의 νƒœμ•„λŠ” λ‚™νƒœλ‘œλΆ€ν„° μ‚΄μ•„λ‚¨μœΌλ € ν•˜λŠ”λ°
02:46
and she would kill the baby after delivering it.
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그러면 그뢄은 아이λ₯Ό λΆ„λ§Œμ‹œν‚¨ ν›„ μ£½μ—¬μ•Ό ν–ˆλ‹€κ³ λ„ λ§ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:49
She remembered how her hands would tremble
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그뢄은 κ·Έ 일을 ν–‰ν•  λ•Œ 자기의 손이 μ–Όλ§ˆλ‚˜ λ–¨λ ΈλŠ”μ§€λ„
02:53
as she did the work.
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κΈ°μ–΅ν•˜κ³  μžˆμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:55
Her story shocked me.
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κ·ΈλΆ„μ˜ μ΄μ•ΌκΈ°λŠ” μΆ©κ²©μ μ΄μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:57
When I set out to make the film,
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μ˜ν™”λ₯Ό 찍기 μ‹œμž‘ν•˜λ©΄μ„œ
03:00
I expected it would be a simple story of perpetrators and victims.
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μ „ 이것이 κ°€ν•΄μžμ™€ ν”Όν•΄μžμ˜ 이야기가 될 것이라고 μ˜ˆμƒν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:04
People who carried out the policy
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이 정책을 μ‹œν–‰ν•œ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€
03:06
and people who are living with the consequences.
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그리고 κ·Έ 결과와 ν•¨κ»˜ μ‚΄μ•„κ°„ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€ μ‚¬μ΄μ˜ 이야기λ₯Όμš”.
03:09
But that wasn't what I saw.
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ 그렇지 μ•Šμ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:12
As I was finishing my interview with the midwife,
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μ œκ°€ κ·ΈλΆ„κ³Όμ˜ 인터뷰λ₯Ό λ§ˆλ¬΄λ¦¬ν–ˆμ„ λ•Œμ―€
03:15
I noticed an area in her house
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μ „ 집 ν•œκ΅¬μ„μ— μž₯μ‹λ˜μ–΄ μžˆλŠ”
03:17
that was decorated with elaborate homemade flags.
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μ§‘μ—μ„œ λ§Œλ“  μ •κ΅ν•œ κΉƒλ°œλ“€μ„ λ°œκ²¬ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:21
And each flag has a picture of a baby on it.
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κΉƒλ°œ ν•˜λ‚˜ν•˜λ‚˜μ—λŠ” μ•„μ΄μ˜ λͺ¨μŠ΅μ΄ 담겨 μžˆμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:26
These were flags that were sent by families
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그것은 κ°€μ‘±λ“€λ‘œλΆ€ν„° 온 κΉƒλ°œμ΄μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:29
whom she helped treat their infertility problems.
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그뢄은 κ·Έ κ°€μ‘±λ“€μ˜ λΆˆμž„ 문제λ₯Ό λ„μ™”λ˜ κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:33
She explained that she had had enough
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그뢄은 더 이상 λ‚™νƒœμ™€ λΆˆμž„ μ‹œμˆ  일을 ν•˜μ§€ μ•ŠλŠ”λ‹€κ³  μ„€λͺ…ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:36
of performing abortions and sterilizations --
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03:38
that the only work she did now was to help families have babies.
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그뢄이 μ΅œκ·Όμ— ν–‰ν•œ μœ μΌν•œ 것은 가쑱이 μ•„κΈ°λ₯Ό κ°–κ²Œ ν•˜λŠ” μΌμ΄μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:44
She said she was full of guilt
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그뢄은 ν•œ μžλ…€ 정책을 μ‹œν–‰ν–ˆλ˜ 일 λ•Œλ¬Έμ—
03:47
for carrying out the one-child policy,
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μ£„μ±…κ°μœΌλ‘œ 가득 μ°¨ μžˆλ‹€κ³  λ§ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:50
and she hoped that by helping families have babies,
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그리고 그뢄은 가쑱이 아이λ₯Ό κ°€μ§ˆ 수 있게 λ•λŠ” 일둜
03:53
she could counteract what she did in the past.
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과거에 ν•œ 일을 μ”»μ–΄λ‚΄κ³  μ‹Άμ–΄ ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:57
It became clear to me she, too, was a victim of the policy.
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μ „ 그뢄도 μ •μ±…μ˜ ν¬μƒμžμ˜€μŒμ„ κΉ¨λ‹¬μ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:02
Every voice was telling her
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λͺ¨λ“  λͺ©μ†Œλ¦¬κ°€ κ·ΈλΆ„μ—κ²Œ
04:05
that what she did was right and necessary for China's survival.
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μ€‘κ΅­μ˜ 생쑴에 κΌ­ ν•„μš”ν•œ μΌμ΄μ—ˆλ‹€κ³ , κ·Έ 일이 μ˜³μ•˜λ‹€κ³  λ§ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:10
And she did what she thought was right for her country.
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ 그뢄은 μ˜³λ‹€κ³  μƒκ°ν•œ 일을 ν–ˆλ˜ κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:14
I know how strong that message was.
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μ „ κ·Έ λ©”μ‹œμ§€κ°€ μ–Όλ§ˆλ‚˜ κ°•ν•œμ§€ μ•Œκ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:17
It was everywhere around myself when I grew up.
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κ·Έ λ©”μ‹œμ§€λŠ” μ œκ°€ μžλΌλŠ” λ‚΄λ‚΄ λͺ¨λ“  곳에 μžˆμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:20
It was printed on matches,
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μ„±λƒ₯갑에도 μΈμ‡„λ˜μ–΄ μžˆμ—ˆκ³ ,
04:23
playing cards,
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λ†€μ΄μš© μΉ΄λ“œ,
04:24
textbooks, posters.
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κ΅κ³Όμ„œ, ν¬μŠ€ν„°.
04:27
The propaganda praising the one-child policy
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ν•œ μžλ…€ 정책을 μ°¬μ–‘ν•˜λŠ” 선전듀은
04:29
was everywhere around us.
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우리 μ£Όλ³€ μ–΄λ””μ—λ‚˜ μžˆμ—ˆμ–΄μš”.
04:30
[Anyone who refuses to sterilize will be arrested.]
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[λΆˆμž„ μ‹œμˆ μ„ κ±°λΆ€ν•˜λŠ” μžλŠ” 체포할 것이닀]
04:33
And so were the threats against disobeying it.
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λΆˆλ³΅μ’… ν–ˆμ„ μ‹œ λ‹Ήν•  μœ„ν˜‘λ„ λ¬Όλ‘  μ‘΄μž¬ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:35
The message seeped into our minds
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κ·Έ λ©”μ‹œμ§€λŠ” 우리의 λ§ˆμŒμ— μŠ€λ©°λ“€μ–΄
04:38
so much so that I grew up feeling embarrassed
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μ œκ°€ μžλΌλŠ” λ‚΄λ‚΄ 남동생이 μžˆλ‹€λŠ” 것에 λŒ€ν•΄
04:41
for having a younger brother.
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λΆ€λ„λŸ¬μš΄ λ§ˆμŒμ„ κ°€μ§€κ²Œ ν–ˆλ˜ κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:45
With each person I filmed,
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ν•œ λͺ… ν•œ λͺ…을 μ΄¬μ˜ν•  λ•Œλ§ˆλ‹€
04:49
I saw how their minds and hearts can be influenced by the propaganda,
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μ „ 선전이 μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ κ·Έλ“€μ˜ μ •μ‹ κ³Ό λ§ˆμŒμ— 영ν–₯을 λΌμ³€λŠ”μ§€, 그리고
04:55
and how their willingness to make sacrifices for the greater good
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더 쒋은 κ²°κ³Όλ₯Ό μœ„ν•΄ 희생을 κ°μˆ˜ν–ˆλ˜ κ·Έλ“€μ˜ ν—Œμ‹ μ μΈ 마음이
05:00
can be twisted into something very dark and tragic.
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μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ λ”μš±λ” μ–΄λ‘‘κ³  λΉ„κ·Ήμ μœΌλ‘œ λ°”λ€Œμ—ˆλŠ”μ§€ μ•Œ 수 μžˆμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:04
China is not the only place where this happens.
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이런 일이 μΌμ–΄λ‚˜λŠ” 곳은 μ€‘κ΅­λΏλ§Œμ΄ μ•„λ‹™λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:08
There is no country on earth where propaganda isn't present.
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이 지ꡬ상에 선전이 μ—†λŠ” λ‚˜λΌλŠ” μ‘΄μž¬ν•˜μ§€ μ•ŠμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:14
And in societies that are supposed to be more open and free than China,
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그리고 쀑ꡭ보닀 더 개방적이고 자유둜운 λ‚˜λΌλ“€μ€
05:18
it can be even harder to recognize what propaganda looks like.
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μ„ μ „μ˜ λͺ¨μŠ΅μ„ μΈμ‹ν•˜κΈ°κ°€ λ”μš± μ–΄λ €μšΈ 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:23
It hides in plain sight as news reports,
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선전은 λ‰΄μŠ€ 보도와
05:27
TV commercials, political campaigning
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TV κ΄‘κ³ , μ •μΉ˜ 캠페인
05:31
and in our social media feeds.
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μ†Œμ…œ λ―Έλ””μ–΄ λ“± 잘 λ³΄μ΄λŠ” 곳에 μˆ¨μ–΄ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:34
It works to change our minds without our knowledge.
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선전은 μš°λ¦¬κ°€ μ•Œμ§€ λͺ»ν•˜λŠ” 사이에 우리의 λ§ˆμŒμ„ λ³€ν™”μ‹œν‚΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:40
Every society is vulnerable to accepting propaganda as truth,
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λͺ¨λ“  μ‚¬νšŒκ°€ μ„ μ „μ˜ 진싀을 νŒŒμ•…ν•˜λŠ” 데 μžˆμ–΄ μ·¨μ•½ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:45
and no society where propaganda replaces the truth
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그리고 κ·Έ μ–΄λ–€ μ‚¬νšŒλΌλ„ 선전이 진싀을 λŒ€μ²΄ν•˜κ³  μžˆλ‹€λ©΄
05:48
can be truly free.
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μ§„μ •μœΌλ‘œ μžμœ λ‘­μ§€ λͺ»ν•  κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:50
Thank you.
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κ°μ‚¬ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:51
(Applause)
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(λ°•μˆ˜)
이 μ›Ήμ‚¬μ΄νŠΈ 정보

이 μ‚¬μ΄νŠΈλŠ” μ˜μ–΄ ν•™μŠ΅μ— μœ μš©ν•œ YouTube λ™μ˜μƒμ„ μ†Œκ°œν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ „ 세계 졜고의 μ„ μƒλ‹˜λ“€μ΄ κ°€λ₯΄μΉ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μˆ˜μ—…μ„ 보게 될 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 각 λ™μ˜μƒ νŽ˜μ΄μ§€μ— ν‘œμ‹œλ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μžλ§‰μ„ 더블 ν΄λ¦­ν•˜λ©΄ κ·Έκ³³μ—μ„œ λ™μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. λΉ„λ””μ˜€ μž¬μƒμ— 맞좰 μžλ§‰μ΄ μŠ€ν¬λ‘€λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ˜κ²¬μ΄λ‚˜ μš”μ²­μ΄ μžˆλŠ” 경우 이 문의 양식을 μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬ λ¬Έμ˜ν•˜μ‹­μ‹œμ˜€.

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