What it was like to grow up under China's one-child policy | Nanfu Wang

Translator: Nika Kotnik Reviewer: Klavdija Cernilogar

My name is Nanfu.

Ime mi je Nanfu.

In Chinese, "nan" means "man."

V kitajščini "nan" pomeni "moški".

And "fu" means "pillar."

In "fu" pomeni "steber".

My family had hoped for a boy,

Moja družina je upala, da bo dobila fantka,

who would grow up to be the pillar of the family.

ki bi odrasel v steber družine.

And when I turned out to be a girl,

In ko se je izkazalo, da sem deklica,

they named me Nanfu anyway.

so me vseeno poimenovali Nanfu.

(Laughter)

(Smeh)

I was born in 1985,

Rodila sem se leta 1985,

six years before China announced its one-child policy.

šest let preden je Kitajska oznanila politiko enega otroka.

Right after I was born,

Takoj po mojem rojstvu

the local officials came and ordered my mom to be sterilized.

so prišli lokalni uradniki in ukazali mami, naj se sterilizira.

My grandpa stood up to the officials,

Moj dedek se jim je uprl,

because he wanted a grandson to carry on the family name.

ker si je želel vnuka, ki bi nadaljeval družinsko ime.

Eventually, my parents were allowed to have a second child,

Sčasoma so mojim staršem dovolili, da imajo drugega otroka,

but they had to wait for five years

a so morali počakati pet let

and pay a substantial fine.

in plačati visoko kazen.

Growing up, my brother and I

Med odraščanjem sva bila brat in jaz

were surrounded by children from one-child families.

obdana z otroki iz družin z enim otrokom.

I remember feeling a sense of shame

Spominjam se občutka sramu,

because I had a younger brother.

ker sem imela mlajšega brata.

I felt like our family did something wrong for having two children.

Počutila sem se, kot da je naša družina z dvema otrokoma storila nekaj narobe.

At the time, I didn't question

Takrat se nisem spraševala,

where this sense of shame and guilt came from.

odkod prihajata moj sram in krivda.

A year and a half ago, I had my own first child.

Pred letom in pol sem rodila svojega prvega otroka.

It was the best thing that ever happened in my life.

To je bila najboljša stvar, ki se mi je v zgodila v življenju.

Becoming a mother

To, da sem postala mati,

gave me a totally new perspective on my own childhood,

mi je dalo popolnoma nov pogled na lastno otroštvo

and it brought back my memories of early life in China.

in prineslo nazaj spomine na otroštvo na Kitajskem.

For the past three decades,

V zadnjih treh desetletjih

everyone in my family had to apply for a permission from the government

so morali vsi v moji družini zaprositi vlado za dovoljenje,

to have a child.

da so lahko imeli otroka.

And I wondered

In spraševala sem se,

what it was like for people who lived under the one-child policy.

kako je bilo ljudem, ki so živeli pod politiko enega otroka.

So I decided to make a documentary about it.

Zato sem se odločila o tem narediti dokumentarec.

One of the people I interviewed

Ena od oseb, ki sem jih intervjuvala,

was the midwife who delivered all of the babies born in my village,

je bila babica, ki je bila zraven pri vseh porodih v moji vasi,

including myself.

vklučno z mojim.

She was 84 years old when I interviewed her.

Ko sem jo intervjuvala, je bila stara 84 let.

I asked her,

Vprašala sem jo:

"Do you remember how many babies you delivered throughout your career?"

"Se spominjate, koliko otrok ste pomagali roditi v svoji karieri?"

She didn't have a number for deliveries.

Števila porodov ni poznala.

She said she had performed

Rekla je, da je opravila

60,000 forced abortions and sterilizations.

60 000 prisilnih splavov in sterilizacij.

Sometimes, she said,

Včasih, je rekla,

a late-term fetus would survive an abortion,

je zarodek v zadnjem trimesečju splav preživel

and she would kill the baby after delivering it.

in ga je nato ubila.

She remembered how her hands would tremble

Spominja se, kako so se ji tresle roke,

as she did the work.

ko je opravljala to delo.

Her story shocked me.

Njena zgodba me je šokirala.

When I set out to make the film,

Ko sem se odločila posneti ta film,

I expected it would be a simple story of perpetrators and victims.

sem pričakovala, da bo preprosta zgodba o storilcih in žrtvah.

People who carried out the policy

Ljudje, ki so to politiko izvajali,

and people who are living with the consequences.

in ljudje, ki živijo z njenimi posledicami.

But that wasn't what I saw.

A nisem videla tega.

As I was finishing my interview with the midwife,

Ko sem zaključevala intervju z babico,

I noticed an area in her house

sem opazila predel njene hiše,

that was decorated with elaborate homemade flags.

ki je bil okrašen z dovršenimi, doma izdelanimi zastavami.

And each flag has a picture of a baby on it.

In na vsaki zastavi je slika otroka.

These were flags that were sent by families

To so bile zastave, ki so jih poslale družine,

whom she helped treat their infertility problems.

ki jim je pomagala pri zdravljenju neplodnosti.

She explained that she had had enough

Razložila mi je, da je imela dovolj

of performing abortions and sterilizations --

opravljanja splavov in sterilizacij,

that the only work she did now was to help families have babies.

da je edino delo, ki ga opravlja sedaj, pomoč družinam imeti otroke.

She said she was full of guilt

Rekla je, da jo muči krivda,

for carrying out the one-child policy,

ker je izvajala politiko enega otroka,

and she hoped that by helping families have babies,

in da upa, da bo s tem ko pomaga družinam pri zanositvi,

she could counteract what she did in the past.

lahko popravila, kar je storila v preteklosti.

It became clear to me she, too, was a victim of the policy.

Postalo mi je jasno, da je bila tudi ona žrtev te politike.

Every voice was telling her

Vsi glasovi so ji govorili,

that what she did was right and necessary for China's survival.

da je to, kar počne, prav in nujno za preživetje Kitajske.

And she did what she thought was right for her country.

In storila je, kar je mislila, da je prav za njeno državo.

I know how strong that message was.

Vem, kako močno je bilo to sporočilo.

It was everywhere around myself when I grew up.

Med mojim odraščanjem je bilo vse okrog mene.

It was printed on matches,

Bilo je natisnjeno na vžigalicah,

playing cards,

igralnih kartah,

textbooks, posters.

učbenikih, posterjih.

The propaganda praising the one-child policy

Propaganda, ki je poveličevala politiko enega otroka,

was everywhere around us.

je bila vse okoli nas.

[Anyone who refuses to sterilize will be arrested.]

[Kdor se bo upiral sterilizaciji, bo aretiran.]

And so were the threats against disobeying it.

Prav tako so bile tu grožnje, če ne bi ubogali.

The message seeped into our minds

To sporočilo se je v naš um zasidralo

so much so that I grew up feeling embarrassed

tako močno, da me je bilo med odraščanjem sram,

for having a younger brother.

da imam mlajšega brata.

With each person I filmed,

Pri vseh ljudeh, ki sem jih posnela,

I saw how their minds and hearts can be influenced by the propaganda,

sem videla, kako je na njihov um in srce vplivala propaganda,

and how their willingness to make sacrifices for the greater good

in kako se je njihova privolitev v žrtvovanje za skupno dobro

can be twisted into something very dark and tragic.

lahko sprevrgla v nekaj zelo temnega in tragičnega.

China is not the only place where this happens.

Kitajska ni edini kraj, kjer se to dogaja.

There is no country on earth where propaganda isn't present.

Ni države na svetu, kjer propaganda ne bi bila prisotna.

And in societies that are supposed to be more open and free than China,

In v družbah, ki naj bi bile bolj svobodne in odprte kot Kitajska,

it can be even harder to recognize what propaganda looks like.

je celo težje prepoznati, kako propaganda izgleda.

It hides in plain sight as news reports,

Skrije se vsem na očeh kot poročila,

TV commercials, political campaigning

TV reklame, politične kampanje

and in our social media feeds.

in objave na socialnih omrežjih.

It works to change our minds without our knowledge.

Spremeni naš um, ne da bi to vedeli.

Every society is vulnerable to accepting propaganda as truth,

V vsaki družbi obstaja možnost, da sprejme propagando kot resnico,

and no society where propaganda replaces the truth

in nobena družba, kjer propaganda zamenja resnico,

can be truly free.

ne more biti resnično svobodna.

Thank you.

Hvala.

(Applause)

(Aplavz)