What it was like to grow up under China's one-child policy | Nanfu Wang

Prevoditelj: Martina Peraic Recezent: Sanda L

My name is Nanfu.

Zovem se Nanfu.

In Chinese, "nan" means "man."

Na kineskom "nan" znači "muškarac".

And "fu" means "pillar."

A "fu" znači "stup".

My family had hoped for a boy,

Moja obitelj nadala se dječaku

who would grow up to be the pillar of the family.

koji bi postao stup obitelji kada odraste.

And when I turned out to be a girl,

I kada se ispostavilo da sam djevojčica,

they named me Nanfu anyway.

svejedno su me nazvali Nanfu.

(Laughter)

(Smijeh)

I was born in 1985,

Rođena sam 1985. godine,

six years before China announced its one-child policy.

a šest godina prije toga Kina je najavila politiku jednog djeteta po obitelji.

Right after I was born,

Odmah nakon mog rođenja,

the local officials came and ordered my mom to be sterilized.

predstavnici vlasti su naredili mojoj majci da se podvrgne sterilizaciji.

My grandpa stood up to the officials,

Moj djed se suprotstavio vlastima

because he wanted a grandson to carry on the family name.

jer je želio unuka koji bi nastavio obiteljsko ime.

Eventually, my parents were allowed to have a second child,

Naposljetku je mojim roditeljima dozvoljeno imati drugo dijete,

but they had to wait for five years

ali morali su pričekati pet godina

and pay a substantial fine.

te platiti znatnu kaznu.

Growing up, my brother and I

Odrastajući, moj brat i ja

were surrounded by children from one-child families.

bili smo okruženi djecom iz obitelji s jednim djetetom.

I remember feeling a sense of shame

Sjećam se doživljaja srama

jer sam imala mlađega brata.

because I had a younger brother.

I felt like our family did something wrong for having two children.

Osjećala sam kao da je naša obitelj učinila nešto loše jer ima dvoje djece.

At the time, I didn't question

Tada nisam dovodila u pitanje

where this sense of shame and guilt came from.

otkud dolaze ti osjećaji srama i krivnje.

A year and a half ago, I had my own first child.

Prije godinu i pol dana dobila sam svoje prvo dijete.

It was the best thing that ever happened in my life.

Bila je to najbolja stvar koja mi se ikad dogodila.

Becoming a mother

Postajanje majkom

gave me a totally new perspective on my own childhood,

bacilo je novu perspektivu na moje djetinjstvo

and it brought back my memories of early life in China.

i vratilo mi je sjećanja na moje djetinjstvo u Kini.

For the past three decades,

Posljednja tri desetljeća

everyone in my family had to apply for a permission from the government

svaki član moje obitelji morao je tražiti dozvolu od vlasti

to have a child.

kako bi mogao imati dijete.

And I wondered

I pitala sam se

what it was like for people who lived under the one-child policy.

kako je bilo ljudima koji su živjeli u vrijeme politike jednog djeteta.

So I decided to make a documentary about it.

Pa sam odlučila snimiti dokumentarni film o tome.

One of the people I interviewed

Jedna od osoba s kojima sam razgovarala

was the midwife who delivered all of the babies born in my village,

bila je primalja koja je porodila svu novorođenčad u mome selu,

uključujući i mene.

including myself.

She was 84 years old when I interviewed her.

Imala je 84 godine kada smo razgovarale.

I asked her,

Pitala sam je,

"Do you remember how many babies you delivered throughout your career?"

"Možeš li se sjetiti koliko si djece porodila u svom radnom vijeku?"

She didn't have a number for deliveries.

Nije mi mogla dati konačan broj poroda.

She said she had performed

Ali rekla mi je da je obavila

60,000 forced abortions and sterilizations.

60 tisuća prisilnih pobačaja i sterilizacija.

Sometimes, she said,

Ponekad, kazala mi je,

a late-term fetus would survive an abortion,

fetus kasnog stadija bi preživio pobačaj

and she would kill the baby after delivering it.

te bi ubila dijete nakon što bi ga porodila.

She remembered how her hands would tremble

Sjeća se drhtanja svojih ruku

as she did the work.

dok je obavljala svoj posao.

Her story shocked me.

Šokirala me njezina priča.

When I set out to make the film,

Kada sam odlučila snimiti film,

I expected it would be a simple story of perpetrators and victims.

očekivala sam jednostavnu priču o počiniteljima i žrtvama.

People who carried out the policy

O ljudima koji su provodili politiku

and people who are living with the consequences.

i o ljudima koji žive s njezinim posljedicama.

But that wasn't what I saw.

Ali to nisam vidjela.

As I was finishing my interview with the midwife,

Završavajući razgovor s primaljom,

I noticed an area in her house

zapazila sam dio njezine kuće

that was decorated with elaborate homemade flags.

ukrašen bogatim ručno izrađenim zastavama.

And each flag has a picture of a baby on it.

A svaka zastava nosila je sliku djeteta.

These were flags that were sent by families

Te zastave slale su joj obitelji

whom she helped treat their infertility problems.

kojima je pomogla kod liječenja neplodnosti.

She explained that she had had enough

Objasnila je kako se bila zasitila

of performing abortions and sterilizations --

izvođenja pobačaja i sterilizacija --

that the only work she did now was to help families have babies.

i da je od tada radila samo kako bi pomogla obiteljima da dobiju dijete.

She said she was full of guilt

Kaže da je osjećala duboku krivnju

for carrying out the one-child policy,

zbog sudjelovanja u politici jednog djeteta.

and she hoped that by helping families have babies,

Nadala se da će pomagajući obiteljima da dobiju dijete

she could counteract what she did in the past.

moći poništiti ono što je činila u prošlosti.

It became clear to me she, too, was a victim of the policy.

Postalo mi je jasno da je i ona bila žrtva te politike.

Every voice was telling her

Svaki glas joj je govorio

that what she did was right and necessary for China's survival.

da je to što čini ispravno i nužno kako bi Kina preživjela.

And she did what she thought was right for her country.

I činila je što je smatrala ispravnim za svoju zemlju.

I know how strong that message was.

Znam koliko je ta poruka bila jaka.

It was everywhere around myself when I grew up.

Bila je svuda oko mene dok sam odrastala.

It was printed on matches,

Bila je ispisana na šibicama,

playing cards,

igraćim kartama,

textbooks, posters.

udžbenicima, plakatima.

The propaganda praising the one-child policy

Promidžba u službi slavljenja politike jednog djeteta

was everywhere around us.

bila je svuda oko nas.

[Anyone who refuses to sterilize will be arrested.]

[Svatko tko odbije sterilizaciju bit će smjesta uhićen.]

And so were the threats against disobeying it.

Kao i prijetnje protiv odbijanja poslušnosti.

The message seeped into our minds

Poruka se usadila u naše umove toliko snažno

so much so that I grew up feeling embarrassed

da sam odrastala osjećajući sram

for having a younger brother.

jer imam mlađeg brata.

With each person I filmed,

Kod svake osobe koju sam snimala,

I saw how their minds and hearts can be influenced by the propaganda,

vidjela sam kako njihova srca i umovi mogu pasti pod utjecaj promidžbe

and how their willingness to make sacrifices for the greater good

i kako njihova volja za požrtvovnošću u svrhu većeg dobra

može biti iskorištena za nešto vrlo mračno i tragično.

can be twisted into something very dark and tragic.

China is not the only place where this happens.

To se ne događa samo u Kini.

There is no country on earth where propaganda isn't present.

Nema zemlje na svijetu u kojoj ne postoji promidžba.

And in societies that are supposed to be more open and free than China,

A u društvima koja bi trebala biti otvorenija i slobodnija od Kine,

it can be even harder to recognize what propaganda looks like.

može biti još teže prepoznati kako ta promidžba izgleda.

It hides in plain sight as news reports,

Skriva se pred golim okom u vidu novinarskih izvješća,

TV commercials, political campaigning

TV reklama, političkih kampanja

and in our social media feeds.

i na našim društvenim mrežama.

It works to change our minds without our knowledge.

Djeluje tako da mijenja naše umove bez našeg znanja.

Every society is vulnerable to accepting propaganda as truth,

Svako društvo je slabo na prihvaćanje promidžbe kao istine,

and no society where propaganda replaces the truth

i nijedno društvo u kojem promidžba zamjenjuje istinu

can be truly free.

ne može biti istinski slobodno.

Thank you.

Hvala.

(Applause)

(Pljesak)