Isaac Lidsky: What reality are you creating for yourself? | TED

Prevodilac: Milenka Okuka Lektor: Mile Živković

When Dorothy was a little girl,

Kad je Doroti bila devojčica,

she was fascinated by her goldfish.

fascinirala je njena zlatna ribica.

Her father explained to her that fish swim by quickly wagging their tails

Njen otac joj je objasnio da ribe plivaju tako što brzo mašu repom

to propel themselves through the water.

kako bi se otisnule kroz vodu.

Without hesitation, little Dorothy responded,

Bez oklevanja, malena Doroti je odgovorila:

"Yes, Daddy, and fish swim backwards by wagging their heads."

"Da, tata, a ribe plivaju unazad mašući svojim glavama."

(Laughter)

(Smeh)

In her mind, it was a fact as true as any other.

U njenom umu to je bila činjenica istinita kao i sve druge.

Fish swim backwards by wagging their heads.

Ribe plivaju unazad, vrteći svojim glavama.

She believed it.

Verovala je u to.

Our lives are full of fish swimming backwards.

Naši životi su puni riba koje plivaju unazad.

We make assumptions and faulty leaps of logic.

Pravimo pretpostavke i falične zamahe logike.

We harbor bias.

Gajimo pristrasnost.

We know that we are right, and they are wrong.

Znamo da smo u pravu, a da oni nisu.

We fear the worst.

Strahujemo od najgoreg.

We strive for unattainable perfection.

Težimo nedostižnom savršenstvu.

We tell ourselves what we can and cannot do.

Govorimo sebi šta možemo, a šta ne možemo.

In our minds, fish swim by in reverse frantically wagging their heads

U našim umovima, ribe plivaju unazad mahnito mašući svojim glavama

and we don't even notice them.

i mi ih ni ne primećujemo.

I'm going to tell you five facts about myself.

Reći ću vam pet činjenica o meni.

One fact is not true.

Jedna od njih nije tačna.

One: I graduated from Harvard at 19 with an honors degree in mathematics.

Prva: diplomirao sam na Harvardu sa 19 uz počasnu diplomu iz matematike.

Two: I currently run a construction company in Orlando.

Druga: trenutno upravljam građevinskom firmom u Orlandu.

Three: I starred on a television sitcom.

Treća: glumio sam u TV sitkomu.

Four: I lost my sight to a rare genetic eye disease.

Četvrta: izgubio sam vid zbog retkog genetskog oboljenja oka.

Five: I served as a law clerk to two US Supreme Court justices.

Peta: radio sam kao pravni službenik u dva Vrhovna suda pravde u SAD-u.

Which fact is not true?

Koja činjenica nije tačna?

Actually, they're all true.

Zapravo, sve su tačne.

Yeah. They're all true.

Da, sve su tačne.

(Applause)

(Aplauz)

At this point, most people really only care about the television show.

Sada većinu ljudi zaista interesuje jedino televizijska serija.

(Laughter)

(Smeh)

I know this from experience.

Znam to iz iskustva.

OK, so the show was NBC's "Saved by the Bell: The New Class."

U redu, radi se o seriji sa NBC-ja "Zvono kao spas: novi razred".

And I played Weasel Wyzell,

Glumio sam Vizela Vajzela,

who was the sort of dorky, nerdy character on the show,

koji je bio nekakav tunjavi, štrebasti lik u seriji,

which made it a very major acting challenge

zbog čega je to bio veliki glumački izazov

for me as a 13-year-old boy.

za mene kao trinaestogodišnjaka.

(Laughter)

(Smeh)

Now, did you struggle with number four, my blindness?

Sad, da li vas muči broj četiri, moje slepilo?

Why is that?

Zašto je to tako?

We make assumptions about so-called disabilities.

Pravimo pretpostavke o takozvanim invaliditetima.

As a blind man, I confront others' incorrect assumptions

Kao slep čovek, suočen sam sa tuđim netačnim pretpostavkama

about my abilities every day.

svakodnevno o mojim sposobnostima.

My point today is not about my blindness, however.

Međutim, svrha moje priče danas nije o mom slepilu.

It's about my vision.

Već o mom vidu.

Going blind taught me to live my life eyes wide open.

Gubitak vida me je naučio da živim širom otvorenih očiju.

It taught me to spot those backwards-swimming fish

Naučilo me je da primećujem ribe koje plivaju unazad,

that our minds create.

a koje tvore naši mozgovi.

Going blind cast them into focus.

Slepilo ih je izbacilo na videlo.

What does it feel like to see?

Kakav je osećaj videti?

It's immediate and passive.

Trenutan je i pasivan.

You open your eyes and there's the world.

Otvorite oči i svet je tu.

Seeing is believing. Sight is truth.

Verujete u ono što vidite. Vid je istina.

Right?

Je li tako?

Well, that's what I thought.

Pa, tako sam mislio.

Then, from age 12 to 25, my retinas progressively deteriorated.

Zatim su mi mrežnjače počele progresivno da propadaju od 12 do 15 godine.

My sight became an increasingly bizarre

Vid mi je postajao sve bizarnija

carnival funhouse hall of mirrors and illusions.

sala karnevalske kuće zabave od ogledala i iluzija.

The salesperson I was relieved to spot in a store

Prodavac koga mi je bilo drago što vidim u radnji

was really a mannequin.

je zapravo bio lutka.

Reaching down to wash my hands,

Posežući da operem ruke,

I suddenly saw it was a urinal I was touching, not a sink,

iznenada bih uvideo da dodirujem bide, a ne lavabo,

when my fingers felt its true shape.

kad bi mi prsti osetili njegov oblik.

A friend described the photograph in my hand,

Prijatelj bi mi opisao fotografiju u ruci,

and only then I could see the image depicted.

i tek onda bih mogao da vidim prizor na njoj.

Objects appeared, morphed and disappeared in my reality.

Objekti su se pojavljivali, menjali oblik i nestajali u mojoj stvarnosti.

It was difficult and exhausting to see.

Bilo je teško i iscrpljujuće gledati.

I pieced together fragmented, transitory images,

Lepio sam iskomadane, nepostojane slike,

consciously analyzed the clues,

svesno analizirajući tragove,

searched for some logic in my crumbling kaleidoscope,

tragao sam za logikom u svom izmrvljenom kaleidoskopu,

until I saw nothing at all.

dok nisam skroz obnevideo.

I learned that what we see

Shvatio sam da ono što vidimo

is not universal truth.

nije univerzalna istina.

It is not objective reality.

Nije objektivna stvarnost.

What we see is a unique, personal, virtual reality

Ono što vidimo je jedinstvena, lična, virtuelna stvarnost

that is masterfully constructed by our brain.

koja je majstorski sazdana u našem mozgu.

Let me explain with a bit of amateur neuroscience.

Objasniću vam to uz pomoć amaterske neuronauke.

Your visual cortex takes up about 30 percent of your brain.

Vaš vizuelni korteks zauzima oko 30 procenata vašeg mozga.

That's compared to approximately eight percent for touch

To je u poređenju sa otprilike osam procenata za dodir

and two to three percent for hearing.

i dva do tri procenta za sluh.

Every second, your eyes can send your visual cortex

Svake sekunde vaše oči mogu da pošalju vizuelnom korteksu

as many as two billion pieces of information.

skoro dve milijarde jedinica informacija.

The rest of your body can send your brain only an additional billion.

Ostatak vašeg tela može poslati mozgu tek dodatnih milijardu.

So sight is one third of your brain by volume

Dakle, vid je jedna trećina zapremine vašeg mozga

and can claim about two thirds of your brain's processing resources.

i može da zauzme oko dve trećine resursa za obradu podataka vašeg mozga.

It's no surprise then

Ne iznenađuje onda

that the illusion of sight is so compelling.

što je iluzija vida tako neodoljiva.

But make no mistake about it: sight is an illusion.

Ali ne zavaravajte se: vid je iluzija.

Here's where it gets interesting.

Evo šta je zanimljivo.

To create the experience of sight,

Kako bi stvorio doživljaj vida,

your brain references your conceptual understanding of the world,

vaš mozak vas upućuje na konceptualno razumevanje sveta,

other knowledge, your memories, opinions, emotions, mental attention.

druga saznanja, vaša sećanja, mišljenja, osećanja, mentalnu pažnju.

All of these things and far more are linked in your brain to your sight.

Sve ovo i štošta više je u vašem umu povezano s vidom.

These linkages work both ways, and usually occur subconsciously.

Ove veze funkcionišu obostrano, i često se dešavaju podsvesno.

So for example,

Te, na prmer,

what you see impacts how you feel,

ono što vidite utiče na to kako se osećate,

and the way you feel can literally change what you see.

a to kako se osećate bukvalno može da promeni ono što vdite.

Numerous studies demonstrate this.

Brojna istraživanja to pokazuju.

If you are asked to estimate

Ukoliko bi vam zatražili da procenite

the walking speed of a man in a video, for example,

brzinu hoda čoveka na video snimku, na primer,

your answer will be different if you're told to think about cheetahs or turtles.

na vaš odgovor bi uticala sugestija da razmišljate o gepardima ili kornjačama.

A hill appears steeper if you've just exercised,

Brdo izgleda strmije, ako ste upravo vežbali,

and a landmark appears farther away

a orijentir se čini daljim,

if you're wearing a heavy backpack.

ako nosite težak ranac.

We have arrived at a fundamental contradiction.

Stigli smo do temeljne protivrečnosti.

What you see is a complex mental construction of your own making,

Ono što vidite je složena mentalna konstrukcija čiji ste vi tvorac,

but you experience it passively

ali doživljavate je pasivno

as a direct representation of the world around you.

kao direktnu predstavu sveta oko vas.

You create your own reality, and you believe it.

Stvarate sopstvenu stvarnost i verujete u nju.

I believed mine until it broke apart.

Ja sam verovao u svoju, dok se nije raspala.

The deterioration of my eyes shattered the illusion.

Propadanje mog vida je razbilo iluziju.

You see, sight is just one way

Vidite, vid je tek jedan od načina

we shape our reality.

na koji oblikujemo našu stvarnost.

We create our own realities in many other ways.

Stvaramo sopstvene stvarnosti na razne druge načine.

Let's take fear as just one example.

Uzmimo strah kao jedan od primera.

Your fears distort your reality.

Vaši strahovi izobličavaju vašu stvarnost.

Under the warped logic of fear, anything is better than the uncertain.

Pod izvitoperenom logikom straha, sve je bolje od neizvesnosti.

Fear fills the void at all costs,

Strah po svaku cenu ispunjava prazninu,

passing off what you dread for what you know,

podmeće vam vaše bojazni kao saznanja,

offering up the worst in place of the ambiguous,

nudi vam najgore, umesto nesigurnosti,

substituting assumption for reason.

menjajući pretpostavke za razum.

Psychologists have a great term for it: awfulizing.

Psiholozi imaju sjajan termin za to - užasavanje.

(Laughter)

(Smeh)

Right?

Tačno?

Fear replaces the unknown with the awful.

Strah zamenjuje nepoznato užasom.

Now, fear is self-realizing.

Sad, strah je samoevidentan.

When you face the greatest need

Kad ste suočeni sa najvećom potrebom

to look outside yourself and think critically,

da pogledate izvan sebe i razmišljate kritički,

fear beats a retreat deep inside your mind,

strah pobeđuje utočište duboko u vašem umu,

shrinking and distorting your view,

skupljajući i izopačavajući vaš vid,

drowning your capacity for critical thought

potapajući vašu sposobnost kritičkog mišljenja

with a flood of disruptive emotions.

poplavom nekontrolisanih emocija.

When you face a compelling opportunity to take action,

Kada ste suočeni sa izazovnom šansom da delate,

fear lulls you into inaction,

strah vas uljuljkava u nedelanje,

enticing you to passively watch its prophecies fulfill themselves.

mami vas da pasivno posmatrate kako se njegova proročanstva obistinjuju.

When I was diagnosed with my blinding disease,

Kad mi je dijagnostikovana bolest slepila,

I knew blindness would ruin my life.

znao sam da će mi slepilo uništiti život.

Blindness was a death sentence for my independence.

Slepilo je bilo smrtna presuda za moju nezavisnost.

It was the end of achievement for me.

Tu je bio kraj mojim postignućima.

Blindness meant I would live an unremarkable life,

Slepilo je značilo da ću da živim, beznačajan život,

small and sad,

skučen i otužan

and likely alone.

i da ću verovatno biti sam.

I knew it.

Znao sam to.

This was a fiction born of my fears, but I believed it.

To je bila fikcija rođena iz mog straha, ali sam verovao u nju.

It was a lie, but it was my reality,

To je bila laž, ali je to bila moja stvarnost,

just like those backwards-swimming fish in little Dorothy's mind.

baš kao i te ribe koje plivaju unazad u umu malene Doroti.

If I had not confronted the reality of my fear,

Da se nisam suočio sa stvarnošću mojih strahova,

I would have lived it.

proživeo bih ih.

I am certain of that.

U to sam siguran.

So how do you live your life eyes wide open?

Pa, kako da živite svoj život očiju širom otvorenih?

It is a learned discipline.

To je disciplina koja se uči.

It can be taught. It can be practiced.

Može da se nauči. Može da se praktikuje.

I will summarize very briefly.

Sažeću je veoma kratko.

Hold yourself accountable

Smatrajte sebe odgovornim

for every moment, every thought,

za svaki trenutak, svaku misao,

every detail.

svaki detalj.

See beyond your fears.

Gledajte mimo vaših strahova.

Recognize your assumptions.

Prepoznajte svoje pretpostavke.

Harness your internal strength.

Upregnite unutrašnju snagu.

Silence your internal critic.

Utišajte kritičara u vama samima.

Correct your misconceptions about luck and about success.

Ispravljajte vaše zablude o sreći i o uspehu.

Accept your strengths and your weaknesses, and understand the difference.

Prihvatite svoju snagu i svoju slabost, i razumejte razliku među njima.

Open your hearts

Otvorite vaša srca

to your bountiful blessings.

za obilje blagoslova.

Your fears, your critics,

Vaši strahovi, vaše kritike,

your heroes, your villains --

vaši heroji, vaši zlikovci -

they are your excuses,

oni su vaši izgovori,

rationalizations, shortcuts,

racionalizacije, prečice,

justifications, your surrender.

opravdanja, vaša predaja.

They are fictions you perceive as reality.

Oni su fikcije koje doživljavate kao stvarnost.

Choose to see through them.

Voljno ih prozrite.

Choose to let them go.

Voljno ih se rešite.

You are the creator of your reality.

Vi ste tvorac vaše stvarnosti.

With that empowerment comes complete responsibility.

S tim osnaženjem dolazi potpuna odgovornost.

I chose to step out of fear's tunnel into terrain uncharted and undefined.

Voljno sam iskoračio iz tunela straha na neistražen i neodređen teren.

I chose to build there a blessed life.

Izabrao sam da tu sagradim blagosloven život.

Far from alone,

Nimalo usamljen,

I share my beautiful life with Dorothy,

delim svoj divni život sa Doroti,

my beautiful wife,

mojom prelepom suprugom,

with our triplets, whom we call the Tripskys,

sa našim trojkama, koje zovemo Tripskijima

and with the latest addition to the family,

i sa najnovijom porodičnom prinovom,

sweet baby Clementine.

preslatkom bebom Klementinom.

What do you fear?

Čega se plašite?

What lies do you tell yourself?

Koje laži sebi govorite?

How do you embellish your truth and write your own fictions?

Kako ulepšavate vaše istine i pišete sopstvene fikcije?

What reality are you creating for yourself?

Kakvu stvarnost kreirate za sebe?

In your career and personal life, in your relationships,

U vašim karijerama i privatnom životu, u vašim vezama,

and in your heart and soul,

i u vašim srcima i dušama,

your backwards-swimming fish do you great harm.

vaše ribe koje plivaju unazad vam nanose veliku štetu.

They exact a toll in missed opportunities and unrealized potential,

Ostavljaju danak u propuštenim šansama i u nerealizovanom potencijalu,

and they engender insecurity and distrust

i uzrokuju nesigurnost i nepoverenje,

where you seek fulfillment and connection.

tamo gde tražite ispunjenost i povezanost.

I urge you to search them out.

Pozivam vas da ih istražite.

Helen Keller said that the only thing worse than being blind

Helen Keler je rekla da je jedino gore od slepila

is having sight but no vision.

imati vid, ali ne videti.

For me, going blind was a profound blessing,

Meni je slepilo bilo istinski blagoslov

because blindness gave me vision.

jer mi je slepilo podarilo vid.

I hope you can see what I see.

Nadam se da vidite isto što i ja.

Thank you.

Hvala vam.

(Applause)

(Aplauz)

Bruno Giussani: Isaac, before you leave the stage, just a question.

Bruno Đuzani: Isače, pre nego napustiš scenu, samo jedno pitanje.

This is an audience of entrepreneurs, of doers, of innovators.

U ovoj publici su preduzetnici, delatnici, izumitelji.

You are a CEO of a company down in Florida,

Ti si izvršni direktor firme, dole u Floridi,

and many are probably wondering,

i verovatno se mnogi pitaju

how is it to be a blind CEO?

kako je to biti slepi izvršni direktor?

What kind of specific challenges do you have, and how do you overcome them?

Koji su to specifični izazovi koje imaš i kako ih savlađuješ?

Isaac Lidsky: Well, the biggest challenge became a blessing.

Isak Lidski: Pa, najveći izazov je postao blagoslov.

I don't get visual feedback from people.

Ne dobijam vizuelne povratne informacije od ljudi.

(Laughter)

(Smeh)

BG: What's that noise there? IL: Yeah.

BĐ: Kakva je buka tamo? IL: Da.

So, for example, in my leadership team meetings,

Pa, na primer, na sastancima ekipe rukovodilaca,

I don't see facial expressions or gestures.

ne vidim izraze lica ili gestove.

I've learned to solicit a lot more verbal feedback.

Naučio sam da tražim što više verbalnih povratnih informacija.

I basically force people to tell me what they think.

U suštini primoravam ljude da mi kažu šta misle.

And in this respect,

I u tom smislu,

it's become, like I said, a real blessing for me personally and for my company,

to je postalo, kao što sam rekao, istinski blagoslov za mene i moju firmu

because we communicate at a far deeper level,

jer komuniciramo na daleko višem nivou,

we avoid ambiguities,

izbegavamo dvosimslenosti,

and most important, my team knows that what they think truly matters.

i što je najvažnije, moja ekipa zna da je njihovo mišljenje uistinu važno.

BG: Isaac, thank you for coming to TED. IL: Thank you, Bruno.

BĐ: Isače, Hvala što si došao na TED. IL: Hvala tebi, Bruno.

(Applause)

(Aplauz)