Isaac Lidsky: What reality are you creating for yourself? | TED

657,450 views ・ 2016-10-27

TED


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翻译人员: Xiangyi Chen 校对人员: Diana Li
00:12
When Dorothy was a little girl,
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当多萝西还是一个小女孩的时候,
00:14
she was fascinated by her goldfish.
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她被她的金鱼迷住了。
她的父亲向她解释, 鱼是通过快速摇尾
00:17
Her father explained to her that fish swim by quickly wagging their tails
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00:20
to propel themselves through the water.
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推动自己在水中前进。
毫无犹豫地,小多萝西回答道,
00:23
Without hesitation, little Dorothy responded,
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00:25
"Yes, Daddy, and fish swim backwards by wagging their heads."
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“是的,爸爸,而且鱼会通过摇头来后退。”
00:28
(Laughter)
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(笑声)
在她的心里,这是一个确切的事实。
00:30
In her mind, it was a fact as true as any other.
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00:32
Fish swim backwards by wagging their heads.
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鱼通过摇头来后退。
00:35
She believed it.
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她坚信如此。
00:37
Our lives are full of fish swimming backwards.
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我们的生活中充满着倒游的鱼。
00:40
We make assumptions and faulty leaps of logic.
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我们制造假设和错误跳跃的逻辑。
00:42
We harbor bias.
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我们心怀偏见。
我们知道我们是对的,而他们是错的。
00:44
We know that we are right, and they are wrong.
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00:46
We fear the worst.
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我们害怕最糟糕的。
我们力求无法获得的完美。
00:48
We strive for unattainable perfection.
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00:50
We tell ourselves what we can and cannot do.
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我们告诉自己什么是我们能做的和不能做的。
00:53
In our minds, fish swim by in reverse frantically wagging their heads
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在我们心里,鱼是通过 往相反方向疯狂摇头来游泳的,
而我们甚至不曾察觉过它们。
00:58
and we don't even notice them.
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我想告诉你们五件关于我的事实。
01:01
I'm going to tell you five facts about myself.
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01:03
One fact is not true.
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其中有一件不是真的。
01:05
One: I graduated from Harvard at 19 with an honors degree in mathematics.
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第一:我19岁的时候以数学 荣誉学士学位毕业于哈佛大学。
01:11
Two: I currently run a construction company in Orlando.
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第二:我现在在奥兰多 经营着一家建筑公司。
01:16
Three: I starred on a television sitcom.
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第三:我主演过一部电视情景剧。
01:21
Four: I lost my sight to a rare genetic eye disease.
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第四:我因为患上一种罕有的 遗传性眼疾而失去了视力。
01:26
Five: I served as a law clerk to two US Supreme Court justices.
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第五:我曾经给两位美国 最高法院的法官当过法律助手。
01:32
Which fact is not true?
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哪一个不是真的呢?
01:35
Actually, they're all true.
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事实上,它们都是真的。
01:38
Yeah. They're all true.
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是的,它们都是真的。
01:40
(Applause)
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(掌声)
01:44
At this point, most people really only care about the television show.
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这时候,大部分人其实都只关心那部电视剧。
01:48
(Laughter)
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(笑声)
01:51
I know this from experience.
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这是经验告诉我的。
01:54
OK, so the show was NBC's "Saved by the Bell: The New Class."
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好吧,那部电视剧是NBC的 “Saved by the Bell: The New Class."
01:57
And I played Weasel Wyzell,
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而我饰演了Weasel Wyzell,
02:02
who was the sort of dorky, nerdy character on the show,
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一个在剧中带点笨拙书呆子性格的角色,
02:06
which made it a very major acting challenge
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对于13岁的我来说,
这是一个很重大的演出挑战。
02:11
for me as a 13-year-old boy.
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02:12
(Laughter)
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(笑声)
02:15
Now, did you struggle with number four, my blindness?
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现在,你是否纠结于第四个事实,我的失明?
为什么会这样呢?
02:19
Why is that?
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02:21
We make assumptions about so-called disabilities.
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我们对所谓的残疾做出一些假设。
02:24
As a blind man, I confront others' incorrect assumptions
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作为盲人,我每天都面对
02:27
about my abilities every day.
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别人对我能力的错误假设。
02:30
My point today is not about my blindness, however.
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然而,我今天的重点不在于我的失明。
02:33
It's about my vision.
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而是在于我的视野。
02:35
Going blind taught me to live my life eyes wide open.
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失明教会我用开阔的眼界去生活。
02:40
It taught me to spot those backwards-swimming fish
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它教会我去发现那些倒游的鱼,
02:42
that our minds create.
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我们内心创造出来的鱼。
失明使它们变成了焦点。
02:44
Going blind cast them into focus.
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02:47
What does it feel like to see?
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看得见是怎么样的一种感觉?
02:50
It's immediate and passive.
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是即时并且被动的。
02:52
You open your eyes and there's the world.
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你睁开双眼,世界就在你眼前。
02:54
Seeing is believing. Sight is truth.
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看见什么相信什么。眼见为实。
对吧?
02:57
Right?
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好吧,我当初是这么想的。
02:59
Well, that's what I thought.
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03:01
Then, from age 12 to 25, my retinas progressively deteriorated.
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接着,从12岁到15岁, 我的视网膜逐渐衰弱。
03:07
My sight became an increasingly bizarre
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我的视像变成了愈加奇异的
03:10
carnival funhouse hall of mirrors and illusions.
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嘉年华游乐场里的哈哈镜。
03:13
The salesperson I was relieved to spot in a store
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我在商店里好不容易发现的销售员
实际上是一个人体模型。
03:16
was really a mannequin.
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03:17
Reaching down to wash my hands,
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俯下身去洗手,
03:19
I suddenly saw it was a urinal I was touching, not a sink,
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当我的手指感受到它的真实形状,
03:22
when my fingers felt its true shape.
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我意识到我去触摸的是小便池, 而不是洗手池。
一位朋友向我描述我手中的照片,
03:25
A friend described the photograph in my hand,
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03:27
and only then I could see the image depicted.
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只有在那时候我才能明白图像描画了些什么。
03:30
Objects appeared, morphed and disappeared in my reality.
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物体在我的现实中出现、变形和消失。
看见成为了一件困难的使我筋疲力尽的事情。
03:36
It was difficult and exhausting to see.
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03:39
I pieced together fragmented, transitory images,
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我把支离破碎的、片刻的图像拼接起来,
03:42
consciously analyzed the clues,
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凭感觉分析线索,
03:44
searched for some logic in my crumbling kaleidoscope,
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在我破碎的万花筒中寻找符合逻辑的对应,
03:48
until I saw nothing at all.
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直到我什么都看不见。
03:51
I learned that what we see
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我认识到我们所看到的
03:53
is not universal truth.
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并不即是普遍真理。
03:56
It is not objective reality.
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并不是客观现实。
我们所看到的是独一无二的虚拟现实,
04:00
What we see is a unique, personal, virtual reality
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04:04
that is masterfully constructed by our brain.
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它是由我们的大脑巧妙地构造出来的。
04:07
Let me explain with a bit of amateur neuroscience.
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请让我以外行的身份解释一遍神经系统学。
04:09
Your visual cortex takes up about 30 percent of your brain.
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你的视觉皮层占据了你脑部的大概30%。
04:13
That's compared to approximately eight percent for touch
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相比于触觉的8%
以及听觉的2-3%。
04:17
and two to three percent for hearing.
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04:19
Every second, your eyes can send your visual cortex
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每一秒钟,你的双眼能够 向你的视觉皮层传达
04:23
as many as two billion pieces of information.
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多达二十亿的信息片段。
04:26
The rest of your body can send your brain only an additional billion.
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其余的身体部分加起来也仅能够传达另外的十亿。
04:30
So sight is one third of your brain by volume
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所以视觉占据了你脑部容量的三分之一
04:34
and can claim about two thirds of your brain's processing resources.
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并且占用了你脑部中三分之二的信息处理资源。
因此意想得到的是
04:39
It's no surprise then
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04:40
that the illusion of sight is so compelling.
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视觉幻象是多么的令人信服。
04:42
But make no mistake about it: sight is an illusion.
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但是别误会了: 我们所看到的只是一种幻象。
04:45
Here's where it gets interesting.
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这是事情变得有趣的地方。
04:47
To create the experience of sight,
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为了制造视觉经验,
04:49
your brain references your conceptual understanding of the world,
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你的大脑参考了你对这个世界的概念性理解,
04:53
other knowledge, your memories, opinions, emotions, mental attention.
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其它知识、你的记忆、 看法、情绪和心理关注。
04:57
All of these things and far more are linked in your brain to your sight.
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所有的这些东西和以及其它的 都连结于你的大脑和视觉景象之间。
这些连结是双向作用的, 并且常常在潜意识中发生。
05:03
These linkages work both ways, and usually occur subconsciously.
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05:06
So for example,
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举例子来说,
05:08
what you see impacts how you feel,
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你所看到的会影响到你的感觉,
05:10
and the way you feel can literally change what you see.
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而你的感觉又能够直接改变你所看到的。
许多的研究证明了这一点。
05:14
Numerous studies demonstrate this.
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05:16
If you are asked to estimate
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如果你被要求去估计
05:18
the walking speed of a man in a video, for example,
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视频中人物的行走速度,举例来说,
05:21
your answer will be different if you're told to think about cheetahs or turtles.
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在被告知去想着猎豹或者乌龟的情况下, 你的答案将会不一样。
如果你刚刚运动完,你会感觉山变陡峭了,
05:27
A hill appears steeper if you've just exercised,
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05:30
and a landmark appears farther away
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如果你背着一个很重的背包,
05:32
if you're wearing a heavy backpack.
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眼前的目的地看起来距离更远。
05:35
We have arrived at a fundamental contradiction.
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我们在这里遇到了一种基本的矛盾。
你肉眼所看到的东西 是你自己创造的一种复杂的心智建造,
05:40
What you see is a complex mental construction of your own making,
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05:44
but you experience it passively
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但是你被动地经历着它
05:46
as a direct representation of the world around you.
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让它作为你周遭世界的一种直接呈现。
05:49
You create your own reality, and you believe it.
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你创造了属于你自己的现实并且深信着它。
05:53
I believed mine until it broke apart.
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我深信于我的现实直到它瓦解了。
05:56
The deterioration of my eyes shattered the illusion.
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我双眼的衰退粉碎了这种幻象。
06:00
You see, sight is just one way
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你看,视觉只是我们
认识世界的一种途径。
06:03
we shape our reality.
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06:05
We create our own realities in many other ways.
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我们可以通过许多其它的方式 去创造属于我们自己的现实。
让我们来举恐惧作为一个例子。
06:09
Let's take fear as just one example.
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06:13
Your fears distort your reality.
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你的恐惧扭曲了你的现实。
06:17
Under the warped logic of fear, anything is better than the uncertain.
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在扭曲的恐惧逻辑影响下, 任何事情都比未知要好。
恐惧不惜一切代价填补空白,
06:22
Fear fills the void at all costs,
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06:24
passing off what you dread for what you know,
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把你所惧怕的冒充成你所知道的,
06:26
offering up the worst in place of the ambiguous,
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让最糟糕取代了不明确,
06:29
substituting assumption for reason.
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使假设代替了原因。
心理学家对此有一个 很好的术语:往坏处想。
06:32
Psychologists have a great term for it: awfulizing.
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06:34
(Laughter)
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(笑声)
对吧?
06:36
Right?
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06:37
Fear replaces the unknown with the awful.
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恐惧把未知的替换成了可怕的。
现在,恐惧在自我实现着。
06:42
Now, fear is self-realizing.
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当你非常迫切的需要
06:44
When you face the greatest need
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06:45
to look outside yourself and think critically,
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去客观看待自己并进行批判性思考的时候,
06:48
fear beats a retreat deep inside your mind,
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恐惧在你的内心深处打起了退堂鼓,
06:51
shrinking and distorting your view,
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收缩并扭曲你的观点,
以洪水般涌现的破坏性情绪
06:53
drowning your capacity for critical thought
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淹没你批判思考的能力。
06:55
with a flood of disruptive emotions.
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06:57
When you face a compelling opportunity to take action,
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当你面对一个极具吸引力的机会去采取行动时,
07:00
fear lulls you into inaction,
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恐惧误导你去无所作为,
07:03
enticing you to passively watch its prophecies fulfill themselves.
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诱使你被动地看着它的预言一个个实现成真。
07:09
When I was diagnosed with my blinding disease,
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当我被诊出患有致盲眼疾时,
我料到失明将会毁了我的生活。
07:12
I knew blindness would ruin my life.
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07:16
Blindness was a death sentence for my independence.
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失明对我的独立能力判了死刑。
07:19
It was the end of achievement for me.
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它是我一生成就的终点。
07:22
Blindness meant I would live an unremarkable life,
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失明意味着我将度过平凡的一生,
07:26
small and sad,
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渺小且凄惨,
07:28
and likely alone.
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极有可能孤独终老。
07:30
I knew it.
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我就知道会这样。
07:33
This was a fiction born of my fears, but I believed it.
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这是我因为恐惧带来的胡编乱造,但我相信了。
07:36
It was a lie, but it was my reality,
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它是一个谎言,但它曾是我的现实。
07:39
just like those backwards-swimming fish in little Dorothy's mind.
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就像小多萝西内心那些倒游的鱼一样。
07:43
If I had not confronted the reality of my fear,
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如若我不曾面对过我内心恐惧创造出来的现实,
07:46
I would have lived it.
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我会就那样活着。
07:48
I am certain of that.
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我很确定。
07:51
So how do you live your life eyes wide open?
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所以你们如何去以开阔的眼界生活呢?
07:55
It is a learned discipline.
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这是一个需要学习的学科。
07:57
It can be taught. It can be practiced.
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它能被传授。它能被练习。
08:00
I will summarize very briefly.
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我简单地总结一下。
08:03
Hold yourself accountable
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让自己学会负责,
08:05
for every moment, every thought,
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对每一时刻,每个想法,
每个细节。
08:08
every detail.
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超越你内心的恐惧。
08:10
See beyond your fears.
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08:11
Recognize your assumptions.
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识别出你所作的假设。
08:13
Harness your internal strength.
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展现你内在的能力。
08:15
Silence your internal critic.
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消除你内心的批判。
08:17
Correct your misconceptions about luck and about success.
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修正你对于运气和成功的错误概念。
08:21
Accept your strengths and your weaknesses, and understand the difference.
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接受自己的长处和短处, 并清楚认识它们之间的区别。
08:25
Open your hearts
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打开你的心扉
08:26
to your bountiful blessings.
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去迎接对你满满的祝福。
08:29
Your fears, your critics,
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你的恐惧,你的批判,
08:31
your heroes, your villains --
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你的英雄,你的敌人——
08:33
they are your excuses,
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他们都是你的借口、
08:36
rationalizations, shortcuts,
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合理化作用、捷径、
辩护、屈服。
08:39
justifications, your surrender.
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08:42
They are fictions you perceive as reality.
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它们是你错认为现实的小说。
尝试选择看穿它们。
08:46
Choose to see through them.
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08:47
Choose to let them go.
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尝试让它们远离自己。
你是自我现实的创造者。
08:50
You are the creator of your reality.
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08:54
With that empowerment comes complete responsibility.
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伴随这种权利而来的是你需要负起全部的责任。
08:58
I chose to step out of fear's tunnel into terrain uncharted and undefined.
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我选择走出恐惧的隧道, 步入了未知的领域。
09:04
I chose to build there a blessed life.
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我选择在那里构建幸福的人生。
远离孤单,
09:08
Far from alone,
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09:09
I share my beautiful life with Dorothy,
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我分享我的美好生活,与多萝西,
09:12
my beautiful wife,
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我美丽的妻子,
09:14
with our triplets, whom we call the Tripskys,
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与我们的三胞胎, 我们称之为“Tripskys”,
09:18
and with the latest addition to the family,
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还有新添的家庭成员,
09:20
sweet baby Clementine.
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可爱的宝贝克莱蒙蒂。
09:22
What do you fear?
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你在害怕什么?
09:25
What lies do you tell yourself?
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你在欺骗自己什么?
09:28
How do you embellish your truth and write your own fictions?
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你是如何修饰自己的真相, 编写自己的小说?
09:32
What reality are you creating for yourself?
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你在为自己创造着怎么样的现实?
09:36
In your career and personal life, in your relationships,
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在你的职业生涯和个人生活中, 在你的人际关系中,
09:39
and in your heart and soul,
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在你的内心和灵魂中,
倒游的鱼给你带来巨大的伤害。
09:41
your backwards-swimming fish do you great harm.
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09:44
They exact a toll in missed opportunities and unrealized potential,
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它们使你为错失的机会以及尚未实现的潜能付出代价。
09:49
and they engender insecurity and distrust
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它们在你寻求满足与联系时
09:51
where you seek fulfillment and connection.
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引起你的不安以及不信任。
09:55
I urge you to search them out.
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我呼吁大家把它们找出来。
09:59
Helen Keller said that the only thing worse than being blind
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海伦·凯勒曾说过, 唯一比失明更糟糕的是
10:03
is having sight but no vision.
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拥有视力,却没有远见。
10:06
For me, going blind was a profound blessing,
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失明对我来说是一种深深的祝福,
10:10
because blindness gave me vision.
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因为失明给予了我远见。
10:13
I hope you can see what I see.
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我衷心希望你们也能看见我所看见的。
10:16
Thank you.
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谢谢。
10:17
(Applause)
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(掌声)
10:32
Bruno Giussani: Isaac, before you leave the stage, just a question.
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布鲁诺·朱萨尼:艾萨克, 在你离开之前,我想问一个问题。
10:35
This is an audience of entrepreneurs, of doers, of innovators.
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在座的各位都是 创业者、实干家、创新者。
10:39
You are a CEO of a company down in Florida,
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你是佛罗里达一家公司的执行总裁,
10:43
and many are probably wondering,
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很多人大概都会好奇,
10:45
how is it to be a blind CEO?
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身为一名失明的执行总裁究竟是怎么样的呢?
10:47
What kind of specific challenges do you have, and how do you overcome them?
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这使你面临哪些具体的挑战, 而你又是怎么克服它们的呢?
10:51
Isaac Lidsky: Well, the biggest challenge became a blessing.
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艾萨克·利德斯基:好吧, 最大的挑战成了一种祝福。
10:54
I don't get visual feedback from people.
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我看不到别人的反应。
10:57
(Laughter)
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(笑声)
布:有什么声音在哪里吗?
11:00
BG: What's that noise there? IL: Yeah.
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11:02
So, for example, in my leadership team meetings,
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艾:是的。比如说在我的领导团队的会议中,
11:05
I don't see facial expressions or gestures.
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我无法看到别人的表情或者手势。
11:09
I've learned to solicit a lot more verbal feedback.
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我学会去征求更多的言语反馈。
11:13
I basically force people to tell me what they think.
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我基本都要求人们把他们的想法告诉我。
正因如此,
11:18
And in this respect,
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11:19
it's become, like I said, a real blessing for me personally and for my company,
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它成为了,如我所说,对我个人 还有我公司的一种真正的祝福。
因为我们获得了更深层次的沟通。
11:24
because we communicate at a far deeper level,
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11:27
we avoid ambiguities,
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我们避免了歧义,
还有更重要的,我的团队清楚 知道他们的想法是真的要紧的。
11:30
and most important, my team knows that what they think truly matters.
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11:38
BG: Isaac, thank you for coming to TED. IL: Thank you, Bruno.
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布:艾萨克,感谢你来到了TED。 艾:谢谢你,布鲁诺。
11:41
(Applause)
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(掌声)
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