Isaac Lidsky: What reality are you creating for yourself? | TED

660,610 views ใƒป 2016-10-27

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ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

ืžืชืจื’ื: miki noam ืžื‘ืงืจ: Sigal Tifferet
00:12
When Dorothy was a little girl,
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ื›ืฉื“ื•ืจื•ืชื™ ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืงื˜ื ื”
00:14
she was fascinated by her goldfish.
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ื”ื™ื ื”ื•ืงืกืžื” ืžื“ื’ ื”ื–ื”ื‘ ืฉืœื”.
00:17
Her father explained to her that fish swim by quickly wagging their tails
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ืื‘ื ืฉืœื” ื”ืกื‘ื™ืจ ืœื” ืฉื“ื’ื™ื ืฉื•ื—ื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืชื ื•ืขื•ืช ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช ืฉืœ ื–ื ื‘ื
00:20
to propel themselves through the water.
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื ื™ืข ืืช ืขืฆืžื ื‘ืžื™ื.
00:23
Without hesitation, little Dorothy responded,
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ื‘ืœื™ ืœื”ืกืก ื“ื•ืจื•ืชื™ ืžื™ื“ ืืžืจื”:
00:25
"Yes, Daddy, and fish swim backwards by wagging their heads."
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ืดื ื›ื•ืŸ ืื‘ื, ื•ื”ื ืฉื•ื—ื™ื ืื—ื•ืจื ื™ืช ื›ืฉื”ื ืžื ื™ืขื™ื ืืช ืจืืฉื ืžื”ืจืด
00:28
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
00:30
In her mind, it was a fact as true as any other.
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ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœื” ื–ื• ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ื ื›ื•ื ื” ื›ื›ืœ ืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ืื—ืจืช.
00:32
Fish swim backwards by wagging their heads.
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ื“ื’ื™ื ืฉื•ื—ื™ื ืื—ื•ืจื ื™ืช ื›ืฉื”ื ืžื›ืฉื›ืฉื™ื ื‘ืจืืฉื.
00:35
She believed it.
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ื”ื™ื ื”ืืžื™ื ื” ื‘ื–ื”.
00:37
Our lives are full of fish swimming backwards.
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ื—ื™ื™ื ื• ืžืœืื™ื ื‘ื“ื’ื™ื ืฉืฉื•ื—ื™ื ืื—ื•ืจื ื™ืช.
00:40
We make assumptions and faulty leaps of logic.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืžื ื™ื—ื™ื ื”ื ื—ื•ืช, ืงื•ืคืฆื™ื ืœืžืกืงื ื•ืช ืœื ื”ื’ื™ื•ื ื™ื•ืช,
00:42
We harbor bias.
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ืžื•ืขื“ื™ื ืœื”ื˜ื™ื•ืช.
00:44
We know that we are right, and they are wrong.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืฆื•ื“ืงื™ื, ื•ืฉื”ื ื˜ื•ืขื™ื.
00:46
We fear the worst.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ื—ื•ืฉืฉื™ื ืžืคื ื™ ื”ื’ืจื•ืข ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ.
00:48
We strive for unattainable perfection.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืฉื•ืืคื™ื ืœืฉืœืžื•ืช ื‘ืœืชื™ ืžื•ืฉื’ืช.
00:50
We tell ourselves what we can and cannot do.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืกืคืจื™ื ืœืขืฆืžื ื• ืžื” ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื•ืžื” ืœื.
00:53
In our minds, fish swim by in reverse frantically wagging their heads
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ื‘ืชื•ื“ืขืชื ื•, ื“ื’ื™ื ืฉื•ื—ื™ื ืื—ื•ืจื ื™ืช ื‘ื›ืฉื›ื•ืฉ ืคืจืื™ ืฉืœ ืจืืฉื™ื”ื,
00:58
and we don't even notice them.
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ื•ืื ื—ื ื• ืืคื™ืœื• ืœื ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ื™ื ื‘ื”ื.
01:01
I'm going to tell you five facts about myself.
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ืืกืคืจ ืœื›ื ื—ืžืฉ ืขื•ื‘ื“ื•ืช ืขืœื™.
01:03
One fact is not true.
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ืื—ืช ืžื”ืŸ ืื™ื ื” ื ื›ื•ื ื”.
01:05
One: I graduated from Harvard at 19 with an honors degree in mathematics.
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ืื—ืช: ื‘ื’ื™ืœ 19 ืกื™ื™ืžืชื™ ื‘ื”ืฆื˜ื™ื™ื ื•ืช ืชื•ืืจ ื‘ืžืชืžื˜ื™ืงื” ืžืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกื™ื˜ืช ื”ืจื•ื•ืืจื“.
01:11
Two: I currently run a construction company in Orlando.
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ืฉืชื™ื™ื: ื›ื™ื•ื ืื ื™ ืžื ื”ืœ ื—ื‘ืจืช ื‘ื ื™ื” ื‘ืขื™ืจ ืื•ืจืœื ื“ื•.
01:16
Three: I starred on a television sitcom.
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ืฉืœื•ืฉ: ื›ื™ื›ื‘ืชื™ ื‘ืงื•ืžื“ื™ื” ื‘ื˜ืœื•ื•ื™ื–ื™ื”.
01:21
Four: I lost my sight to a rare genetic eye disease.
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ืืจื‘ืข: ืื™ื‘ื“ืชื™ ืืช ื”ืจืื™ื” ื‘ืฉืœ ืžื—ืœื” ื’ื ื˜ื™ืช ื ื“ื™ืจื”.
01:26
Five: I served as a law clerk to two US Supreme Court justices.
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ื—ืžืฉ: ืขื‘ื“ืชื™ ื›ืขื•ื–ืจ ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ ืœืฉื ื™ ืฉื•ืคื˜ื™ ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ ื”ืขืœื™ื•ืŸ.
01:32
Which fact is not true?
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ืื™ื–ื• ืžื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื•ืช ืื™ื ื” ื ื›ื•ื ื”?
01:35
Actually, they're all true.
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ืœืžืขืฉื”, ื›ื•ืœืŸ ื ื›ื•ื ื•ืช.
01:38
Yeah. They're all true.
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ื›ืŸ, ื›ื•ืœืŸ ื ื›ื•ื ื•ืช.
01:40
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
01:44
At this point, most people really only care about the television show.
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ื‘ืฉืœื‘ ื–ื”, ืจื•ื‘ ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ืžืชืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ืจืง ื‘ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ื”ื˜ืœื•ื•ื™ื–ื™ื”...
01:48
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
01:51
I know this from experience.
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ืื ื™ ืžื“ื‘ืจ ืžื ืกื™ื•ืŸ.
01:54
OK, so the show was NBC's "Saved by the Bell: The New Class."
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ื˜ื•ื‘, ื”ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืดื”ืฆืœืฆื•ืœ ื”ื’ื•ืืœ: ื”ื›ื™ืชื” ื”ื—ื“ืฉื”ืด
01:57
And I played Weasel Wyzell,
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ืฉื™ื—ืงืชื™ ืืช ื•ื•ื™ื–ืœ ื•ื•ื™ื™ื–ืœ
02:02
who was the sort of dorky, nerdy character on the show,
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ืฉื”ื™ื” ื“ืžื•ืช ืฉืœ ื—ื ื•ืŸ ืžื•ื–ืจ ืฉื›ื–ื”,
02:06
which made it a very major acting challenge
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ืžื” ืฉื”ืคืš ืืช ื”ืชืคืงื™ื“ ืœืžืืชื’ืจ ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืขื‘ื•ืจื™
02:11
for me as a 13-year-old boy.
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ื‘ื”ืชื—ืฉื‘ ื‘ื›ืš ืฉื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ื ืขืจ ื‘ืŸ 13
02:12
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
02:15
Now, did you struggle with number four, my blindness?
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ื”ืื ื”ืชืงืฉืชื ืœื”ืืžื™ืŸ ื‘ืžืกืคืจ 4? ื”ืขื•ื•ืจื•ืŸ ืฉืœื™?
02:19
Why is that?
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ืžื“ื•ืข?
02:21
We make assumptions about so-called disabilities.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืžื ื™ื—ื™ื ื”ื ื—ื•ืช ืœื’ื‘ื™ ืดื ื›ื•ื™ื•ืชืด.
02:24
As a blind man, I confront others' incorrect assumptions
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ื›ืขื™ื•ื•ืจ, ืื ื™ ื ืชืงืœ ื‘ื”ื ื—ื•ืช ืžื•ื˜ืขื•ืช ืจื‘ื•ืช
02:27
about my abilities every day.
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ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื”ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ืฉืœื™ ื‘ื›ืœ ื™ื•ื.
02:30
My point today is not about my blindness, however.
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื ืงื•ื“ื” ืฉืื ื™ ืžื ืกื” ืœื”ืขื‘ื™ืจ ืœื ืงืฉื•ืจื” ืœืขื™ื•ื•ืจื•ืŸ ืฉืœื™.
02:33
It's about my vision.
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ืืœื ืœืจืื™ื” ืฉืœื™.
02:35
Going blind taught me to live my life eyes wide open.
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ื”ื”ืชืขื•ื•ืจื•ืช ืฉืœื™ ืœื™ืžื“ื” ืื•ืชื™ ืœื—ื™ื•ืช ืืช ื—ื™ื™ ืขื ืขื™ื ื™ื™ื ืคืงื•ื—ื•ืช ืœืจื•ื•ื—ื”.
02:40
It taught me to spot those backwards-swimming fish
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ื”ื™ื ืœื™ืžื“ื” ืื•ืชื™ ืœื–ื”ื•ืช ืืช ื”ื“ื’ื™ื ื”ืœืœื• ืฉืฉื•ื—ื™ื ืื—ื•ืจื ื™ืช
02:42
that our minds create.
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ืฉืชื•ื“ืขืชื ื• ื™ื•ืฆืจืช.
02:44
Going blind cast them into focus.
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ื”ื”ืชืขื•ื•ืจื•ืช ื”ื›ื ื™ืกื” ืื•ืชื ืœืคื•ืงื•ืก.
02:47
What does it feel like to see?
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ืื™ืš ื–ื” ืžืจื’ื™ืฉ, ืœืจืื•ืช?
02:50
It's immediate and passive.
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ืจืื™ื™ื” ื”ื™ื ืžื™ื™ื“ื™ืช ื•ืกื‘ื™ืœื”.
02:52
You open your eyes and there's the world.
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ืขื™ื ื™ื™ืš ื ืคืชื—ื•ืช ื•ื”ื ื” ื”ืขื•ืœื.
02:54
Seeing is believing. Sight is truth.
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ืดืœืจืื•ืช ื–ื” ืœื”ืืžื™ืŸ.ืด ืดื˜ื•ื‘ ืžืจืื” ืขื™ื ื™ื™ื.ืด
02:57
Right?
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ื ื›ื•ืŸ?
02:59
Well, that's what I thought.
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ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ื–ื” ืžื” ืฉืื ื™ ื—ืฉื‘ืชื™.
03:01
Then, from age 12 to 25, my retinas progressively deteriorated.
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ื•ืื–, ืžื’ื™ืœ 12 ืขื“ 25 ืžืฆื‘ ื”ืจืฉืชื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื™ ื”ืœืš ื•ื”ืชื“ืจื“ืจ.
03:07
My sight became an increasingly bizarre
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ื”ืจืื™ื” ืฉืœื™ ื”ืœื›ื” ื•ื”ืคื›ื” ืœืงืจื ื‘ืœ
03:10
carnival funhouse hall of mirrors and illusions.
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ืžื•ื–ืจ ืฉืœ ืžืจืื•ืช ื•ืืฉืœื™ื•ืช.
03:13
The salesperson I was relieved to spot in a store
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ื”ืžื•ื›ืจ ืฉืœืฉืžื—ืชื™ ืื™ืชืจืชื™ ื‘ื—ื ื•ืช
03:16
was really a mannequin.
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ื”ื™ื” ื‘ืขืฆื ื‘ื•ื‘ื”.
03:17
Reaching down to wash my hands,
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ื”ืชื›ื•ืคืคืชื™ ืœืฉื˜ื•ืฃ ืืช ื™ื“ื™
03:19
I suddenly saw it was a urinal I was touching, not a sink,
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ื•ืœืคืชืข ืจืื™ืชื™ ืฉืื ื™ ื ื•ื’ืข ื‘ืžืฉืชื ื” ื•ืœื ื‘ื›ื™ื•ืจ
03:22
when my fingers felt its true shape.
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ื›ืฉืืฆื‘ืขื•ืชื™ ื—ืฉื• ืืช ื”ืฆื•ืจื” ื”ืืžื™ืชื™ืช.
03:25
A friend described the photograph in my hand,
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ื—ื‘ืจื” ืชื™ืืจื” ืœื™ ืชืžื•ื ื” ืฉื”ื—ื–ืงืชื™ ื‘ื™ื“ื™
03:27
and only then I could see the image depicted.
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ื•ืจืง ืื– ื™ื›ื•ืœืชื™ ืœืจืื•ืช ืžื” ืžืฆื•ืœื ื‘ื”.
03:30
Objects appeared, morphed and disappeared in my reality.
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ื‘ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ืฉืœื™ ืขืฆืžื™ื ื”ื•ืคื™ืขื•, ืฉื™ื ื• ืฆื•ืจื” ื•ื ืขืœืžื•.
03:36
It was difficult and exhausting to see.
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ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ืงืฉื” ื•ืžืชื™ืฉ ืœืจืื•ืช.
03:39
I pieced together fragmented, transitory images,
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ืฆืจืคืชื™ ื™ื—ื“ ื—ืœืงื™ ืชืžื•ื ื•ืช ื•ื”ื‘ื–ืงื™ื,
03:42
consciously analyzed the clues,
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ืขื™ื‘ื“ืชื™ ืืช ื”ืจืžื–ื™ื ื‘ืžื•ื“ืข,
03:44
searched for some logic in my crumbling kaleidoscope,
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ื—ื™ืคืฉืชื™ ื”ื’ื™ื•ืŸ ื›ืœืฉื”ื• ื‘ืงืœื™ื™ื“ื•ืกืงื•ืค ื”ืžืชืคื•ืจืจ ืฉืœื™,
03:48
until I saw nothing at all.
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ืขื“ ืฉืœื ืจืื™ืชื™ ืฉื•ื ื“ื‘ืจ ื‘ื›ืœืœ.
03:51
I learned that what we see
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ืœืžื“ืชื™ ืฉืžื” ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืจื•ืื™ื
03:53
is not universal truth.
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ืื™ื ื• ืืžืช ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกืœื™ืช.
03:56
It is not objective reality.
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ืื™ื ื• ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ืื•ื‘ื™ื™ืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™ืช.
04:00
What we see is a unique, personal, virtual reality
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ืžื” ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืจื•ืื™ื ื”ื•ื ื’ืจืกื” ืคืจื˜ื™ืช ืฉืœ ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ืžื“ื•ืžื”
04:04
that is masterfully constructed by our brain.
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ื”ื ื‘ื ื™ืช ื‘ืืžื ื•ืช ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืžื•ื— ืฉืœื ื•.
04:07
Let me explain with a bit of amateur neuroscience.
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ื”ืจืฉื• ืœื™ ืœื”ืกื‘ื™ืจ ืงืฆืช ืžื“ืขื™ ื”ืžื•ื— ืœืžืชื—ื™ืœื™ื:
04:09
Your visual cortex takes up about 30 percent of your brain.
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ืงืœื™ืคืช ื”ืจืื™ื” ืžื”ื•ื•ื” ื› 30% ืžืžื•ื—ื›ื.
04:13
That's compared to approximately eight percent for touch
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ื–ืืช ื‘ื”ืฉื•ื•ืื” ืœื‘ืขืจืš 8% ืžื”ืžื•ื— ื”ืžื•ืงื“ืฉื™ื ืœื—ื•ืฉ ื”ืžื™ืฉื•ืฉ,
04:17
and two to three percent for hearing.
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ื•-2-3% ืœืฉืžื™ืขื”.
04:19
Every second, your eyes can send your visual cortex
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ื‘ื›ืœ ืฉื ื™ื”, ืขื™ื ื™ื›ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ืœืฉืœื•ื— ืœืงืœื™ืคืช ื”ืจืื™ื”
04:23
as many as two billion pieces of information.
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ืขื“ ืฉื ื™ ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ื™ื—ื™ื“ื•ืช ืžื™ื“ืข.
04:26
The rest of your body can send your brain only an additional billion.
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ืฉืืจ ื’ื•ืคื›ื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืฉืœื•ื— ืœืžื•ื— ืœื›ืœ ื”ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ื ื•ืกืฃ.
04:30
So sight is one third of your brain by volume
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ืื– ื—ื•ืฉ ื”ืจืื™ื” ืชื•ืคืก ืฉืœื™ืฉ ืžื ืคื— ืžื•ื—ื›ื,
04:34
and can claim about two thirds of your brain's processing resources.
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ื•ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืฆืจื•ืš ื‘ืขืจืš ืฉื ื™ ืฉืœื™ืฉ ืžืžืฉืื‘ื™ ื”ืขื™ื‘ื•ื“ ืฉืœ ืžื•ื—ื›ื.
04:39
It's no surprise then
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ื–ื” ืœื ืžืคืชื™ืข ืื ื›ืŸ
04:40
that the illusion of sight is so compelling.
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ืฉืืฉืœื™ื™ืช ื”ืจืื™ื” ื”ื™ื ื›ื” ืžืฉื›ื ืขืช.
04:42
But make no mistake about it: sight is an illusion.
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ืื‘ืœ ืืœ ืชื˜ืขื• ืœืจื’ืข: ืจืื™ื” ื”ื™ื ืืฉืœื™ื”.
04:45
Here's where it gets interesting.
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ืคื” ื–ื” ืžืชื—ื™ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืขื ื™ื™ืŸ.
04:47
To create the experience of sight,
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืืช ื—ื•ื•ื™ืช ื”ืจืื™ื”
04:49
your brain references your conceptual understanding of the world,
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ืžื•ื—ื›ื ืžืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืžื•ืฉื’ื™ื ื”ื ื•ื‘ืขื™ื ืžื”ื‘ื ืชื›ื ืืช ื”ืขื•ืœื
04:53
other knowledge, your memories, opinions, emotions, mental attention.
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ื™ื“ืข ืื—ืจ, ื–ื›ืจื•ื ื•ืช, ื“ืขื•ืช, ืจื’ืฉื•ืช, ืชืฉื•ืžืช ืœื‘.
04:57
All of these things and far more are linked in your brain to your sight.
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ื›ืœ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืœืœื• ื•ืขื•ื“ ืจื‘ื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื ืžืงื•ืฉืจื™ื ื‘ืžื•ื—ื›ื ืœื—ื•ืฉ ื”ืจืื™ื” ืฉืœื›ื.
05:03
These linkages work both ways, and usually occur subconsciously.
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ืงื™ืฉื•ืจื™ื ืืœื” ืคื•ืขืœื™ื ื‘ืฉื ื™ ื”ื›ื™ื•ื•ื ื™ื ื•ืงื•ืจื™ื ืœืจื•ื‘ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืœื ืžื•ื“ืข.
05:06
So for example,
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ืœืžืฉืœ,
05:08
what you see impacts how you feel,
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ืžื” ืฉื ืจืื” ืœื›ื ืžืฉืคื™ืข ืขืœ ื”ืจื’ืฉืชื›ื,
05:10
and the way you feel can literally change what you see.
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ื•ื”ืจื’ืฉืชื›ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœืฉื ื•ืช ืœื”ืœื›ื” ืืช ืžื” ืฉืืชื ืจื•ืื™ื.
05:14
Numerous studies demonstrate this.
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ืžื—ืงืจื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ืžืจืื™ื ื–ืืช.
05:16
If you are asked to estimate
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ืื ื™ื‘ืงืฉื• ืžื›ื ืœื”ืขืจื™ืš
05:18
the walking speed of a man in a video, for example,
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ืืช ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืœื™ื›ืชื• ืฉืœ ืื“ื ืžืฆืคื™ื” ื‘ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•, ืœืžืฉืœ,
05:21
your answer will be different if you're told to think about cheetahs or turtles.
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ืชืฉื•ื‘ืชื›ื ืชืฉืชื ื” ืื ื ืชื‘ืงืฉืชื ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืขืœ ืฆืณื™ื˜ื•ืช ืื• ืขืœ ืฆื‘ื™ื.
05:27
A hill appears steeper if you've just exercised,
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ื’ื‘ืขื” ืชืจืื” ืชืœื•ืœื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืื ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ืกื™ื™ืžืชื ืœื”ืชืขืžืœ,
05:30
and a landmark appears farther away
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ื•ืฆื™ื•ืŸ ื“ืจืš ื™ื™ืจืื” ืจื—ื•ืง ื™ื•ืชืจ
05:32
if you're wearing a heavy backpack.
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ื›ืฉืกื•ื—ื‘ื™ื ืชืจืžื™ืœ ื›ื‘ื“.
05:35
We have arrived at a fundamental contradiction.
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ื‘ื–ืืช ื”ื’ืขื ื• ืœืกืชื™ืจื” ืžื”ื•ืชื™ืช.
05:40
What you see is a complex mental construction of your own making,
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ืžื” ืฉืืชื ืจื•ืื™ื ื”ื•ื ืœืžืขืฉื” ื”ืžืฆืื” ืžื ื˜ืœื™ืช ืฉื™ืฆืจืชื
05:44
but you experience it passively
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ืฉื ื—ื•ื•ื™ืช ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืคืืกื™ื‘ื™
05:46
as a direct representation of the world around you.
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ื›ื™ื™ืฆื•ื’ ืžื™ื™ื“ื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื›ื.
05:49
You create your own reality, and you believe it.
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ื”ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ืฉืœื›ื ื ื•ืฆืจืช ืขืœ ื™ื“ื›ื ื•ื”ื™ื ืืžื™ื ื” ื‘ืขื™ื ื™ื›ื.
05:53
I believed mine until it broke apart.
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ืื ื™ ื”ืืžื ืชื™ ื‘ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ืฉืœื™ ืขื“ ืฉื”ื™ื ื”ืชืคื•ืจืจื”.
05:56
The deterioration of my eyes shattered the illusion.
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ื›ืฉืขื™ื ื™ ื”ืชืงืœืงืœื•, ื”ืืฉืœื™ื” ื ื•ืคืฆื”.
06:00
You see, sight is just one way
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ืืชื ืžื‘ื™ื ื™ื, ื—ื•ืฉ ื”ืจืื™ื” ื”ื•ื ืจืง ื“ืจืš ืื—ืช
06:03
we shape our reality.
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ื‘ื” ืื ื• ืžืขืฆื‘ื™ื ืืช ื”ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ืฉืœื ื•.
06:05
We create our own realities in many other ways.
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ืื ื• ื™ื•ืฆืจื™ื ืืช ื”ืžืฆื™ืื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื ื• ื‘ืฉืœืœ ื“ืจื›ื™ื.
06:09
Let's take fear as just one example.
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ื‘ื•ืื• ื ืงื— ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื” ืืช ื”ืคื—ื“.
06:13
Your fears distort your reality.
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ืคื—ื“ ืžืขื•ื•ืช ืืช ื”ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ืฉืœื›ื.
06:17
Under the warped logic of fear, anything is better than the uncertain.
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ืœืคื™ ื”ื”ื’ื™ื•ืŸ ื”ืขืงื•ื ืฉืœ ื”ืคื—ื“, ื›ืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ืขื“ื™ืฃ ืขืœ ื—ื•ืกืจ ื•ื•ื“ืื•ืช.
06:22
Fear fills the void at all costs,
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ื”ืคื—ื“ ืžืฉืœื™ื ืืช ื”ื—ืกืจ ื‘ื›ืœ ืžื—ื™ืจ,
06:24
passing off what you dread for what you know,
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ืžืžื™ืจ ืืช ืžืขื•ืจืจ ื”ืื™ืžื” ื‘ืžื•ื›ืจ,
06:26
offering up the worst in place of the ambiguous,
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ืžืฆื™ืข ืืช ื”ื’ืจื•ืข ืžื›ืœ ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื”ืžืขื•ืจืคืœ,
06:29
substituting assumption for reason.
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ืžื—ืœื™ืฃ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื ื—ื•ืช ื•ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžืกืงื ื•ืช.
06:32
Psychologists have a great term for it: awfulizing.
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ืœืคืกื™ื›ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื ื™ืฉ ืžื•ื ื— ื ื”ื“ืจ ืœื–ื”: ืื•ืคื•ืœื™ื–ื™ื ื’ โ€“ ื‘ื—ื™ืจืช ื”ืชืกืจื™ื˜ ื”ื’ืจื•ืข ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ.
06:34
(Laughter)
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06:36
Right?
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ื ื›ื•ืŸ?
06:37
Fear replaces the unknown with the awful.
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ืคื—ื“ ืžื—ืœื™ืฃ ืืช ื”ื‘ืœืชื™ ื™ื“ื•ืข.
ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ืคื—ื“ ืžื ืฆื™ื— ืืช ืขืฆืžื•
06:42
Now, fear is self-realizing.
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ื›ืฉืืชื ื”ื›ื™ ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื
06:44
When you face the greatest need
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06:45
to look outside yourself and think critically,
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ืœื”ื‘ื™ื˜ ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœืขืฆืžื›ื ื•ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื‘ื”ื™ื’ื™ื•ืŸ,
06:48
fear beats a retreat deep inside your mind,
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ื”ืคื—ื“ ื ืกื•ื’ ื‘ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช ืœืขื•ืžืง ื”ืชื•ื“ืขื” ืฉืœื›ื,
06:51
shrinking and distorting your view,
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ืžืฆืžืฆื ื•ืžืขื•ื•ืช ืืช ื”ื”ื‘ื—ื ื” ืฉืœื›ื,
06:53
drowning your capacity for critical thought
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ืžื˜ื‘ื™ืข ืืช ื™ื›ื•ืœืชื›ื ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื‘ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืชื™ืช
06:55
with a flood of disruptive emotions.
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ื‘ื ื—ืฉื•ืœ ืฉืœ ืจื’ืฉื•ืช ื˜ื•ืจื“ื ื™ื™ื.
06:57
When you face a compelling opportunity to take action,
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ื›ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื›ื ื”ื–ื“ืžื ื•ืช ืžืฉื›ื ืขืช ืœืคืขื•ืœ,
07:00
fear lulls you into inaction,
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ื”ืคื—ื“ ืžืงืคื™ื ืืชื›ื.
07:03
enticing you to passively watch its prophecies fulfill themselves.
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ืžื“ื™ื— ืืชื›ื ืœืฆืคื•ืช ื‘ื—ื•ืกืจ ืžืขืฉ ืื™ืš ื ื‘ื•ืื•ืชื™ื• ื”ืงื•ื“ืจื•ืช ืžื’ืฉื™ืžื•ืช ืืช ืขืฆืžืŸ.
07:09
When I was diagnosed with my blinding disease,
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ื›ืฉื”ืžื—ืœื” ื”ืžืขื•ื•ืจืช ืฉืœื™ ืื•ื‘ื—ื ื”,
07:12
I knew blindness would ruin my life.
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ื™ื“ืขืชื™ ื‘ื•ื•ื“ืื•ืช ืฉืขื™ื•ื•ืจื•ืŸ ื™ื”ืจื•ืก ืืช ื—ื™ื™.
07:16
Blindness was a death sentence for my independence.
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ืขื™ื•ื•ืจื•ืŸ ื”ื™ื” ื’ื–ืจ ื“ื™ืŸ ืžื•ื•ืช ืœืขืฆืžืื•ืชื™.
07:19
It was the end of achievement for me.
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ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ื”ืกื•ืฃ ืœื”ื™ืฉื’ื™ื ืฉืœื™.
07:22
Blindness meant I would live an unremarkable life,
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ื”ืขื™ื•ื•ืจื•ืŸ ืืžืจ ืฉืื—ื™ื” ื—ื™ื™ื ื—ืกืจื™ ื™ื—ื•ื“,
07:26
small and sad,
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ืงื˜ื ื™ื ื•ืขืฆื•ื‘ื™ื,
07:28
and likely alone.
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ื•ื›ื ืจืื” ืœื‘ื“.
07:30
I knew it.
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ื™ื“ืขืชื™ ื–ืืช.
07:33
This was a fiction born of my fears, but I believed it.
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ื–ื• ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื‘ื“ื™ื” ืฉื ื•ืœื“ื” ืžื”ืคื—ื“ื™ื ืฉืœื™, ืื‘ืœ ื”ืืžื ืชื™ ื‘ื”.
07:36
It was a lie, but it was my reality,
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ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ืฉืงืจ, ืื‘ืœ ื–ื• ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื”ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ืฉืœื™,
07:39
just like those backwards-swimming fish in little Dorothy's mind.
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ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ื›ืžื• ืื•ืชื ื“ื’ื™ื ื”ืฉื•ื—ื™ื ืื—ื•ืจื ื™ืช ื‘ืžื•ื—ื” ืฉืœ ื“ื•ืจื•ืชื™ ื”ืงื˜ื ื”.
07:43
If I had not confronted the reality of my fear,
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ืืœืžืœื ื ืœื—ืžืชื™ ื‘ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ืฉื™ืฆืจื• ื”ืคื—ื“ื™ื ืฉืœื™,
07:46
I would have lived it.
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ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ื—ื™ ื‘ื”.
07:48
I am certain of that.
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ืื ื™ ื‘ื˜ื•ื— ื‘ื›ืš.
07:51
So how do you live your life eyes wide open?
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ืื– ืื™ืš ืืคืฉืจ ืœื—ื™ื•ืช ืืช ื—ื™ื™ื›ื ืขื ืขื™ื ื™ื™ื ืคืงื•ื—ื•ืช ืœืจื•ื•ื—ื”?
07:55
It is a learned discipline.
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ื–ื” ื™ื“ืข ื ืจื›ืฉ.
07:57
It can be taught. It can be practiced.
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ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืœืžื•ื“ ื–ืืช, ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ืชืืžืŸ ื‘ื–ื”.
08:00
I will summarize very briefly.
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ืืกื›ื ื‘ืงืฆืจื”:
08:03
Hold yourself accountable
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ืขืœื™ื›ื ืœื“ืจื•ืฉ ืžืขืฆืžื›ื ื“ื™ืŸ ื•ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ
08:05
for every moment, every thought,
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ืขืœ ื›ืœ ืจื’ืข, ื›ืœ ืžื—ืฉื‘ื”,
08:08
every detail.
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ื›ืœ ืคืจื˜.
08:10
See beyond your fears.
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ืจืื• ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœืคื—ื“ื™ื ืฉืœื›ื.
08:11
Recognize your assumptions.
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ื–ื”ื• ืืช ื”ื”ืฉืขืจื•ืช ืฉืœื›ื.
08:13
Harness your internal strength.
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ืจืชืžื• ืœื˜ื•ื‘ืชื›ื ืืช ื›ื•ื—ื›ื ื”ืคื ื™ืžื™.
08:15
Silence your internal critic.
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ื”ืฉืชื™ืงื• ืืช ื”ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืคื ื™ืžื™ ืฉื‘ื›ื.
08:17
Correct your misconceptions about luck and about success.
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ืชืงื ื• ืืช ื”ื ื—ื•ืชื™ื™ื›ื ื”ืฉื’ื•ื™ื•ืช ืœื’ื‘ื™ ืžื–ืœ ืื• ื”ืฆืœื—ื”.
08:21
Accept your strengths and your weaknesses, and understand the difference.
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ืงื‘ืœื• ืืช ื”ื™ืชืจื•ื ื•ืช ื•ื”ื—ื•ืœืฉื•ืช, ื•ื”ื‘ื™ื ื• ืืช ื”ื”ื‘ื“ืœื™ื ื‘ื™ื ื”ื.
08:25
Open your hearts
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ืคืชื—ื• ืืช ืœื™ื‘ื›ื
08:26
to your bountiful blessings.
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ืœื›ืœ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉื”ืชื‘ืจื›ืชื ื‘ื”ื.
08:29
Your fears, your critics,
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ื”ืคื—ื“ื™ื ืฉืœื›ื, ืืœื” ื”ืžื‘ืงืจื™ื ืืชื›ื,
08:31
your heroes, your villains --
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ื”ื’ื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ื ื•ื”ื ื‘ืœื™ื ืฉืœื›ื --
08:33
they are your excuses,
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ื”ื ื›ื•ืœื ื”ืชื™ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืฉืœื›ื,
08:36
rationalizations, shortcuts,
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ื”ืฆื™ื“ื•ืงื™ื, ืงื™ืฆื•ืจื™ ื”ื“ืจืš,
08:39
justifications, your surrender.
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ื”ื”ืฆื“ืงื•ืช, ื”ื›ื ื™ืขื•ืช ืฉืœื›ื.
08:42
They are fictions you perceive as reality.
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ื”ื ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืช ืฉื ื—ื•ื•ืช ื›ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ืฉืœื›ื.
08:46
Choose to see through them.
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ื‘ื—ืจื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœื”ื.
08:47
Choose to let them go.
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ื‘ื—ืจื• ืœื”ืฉืชื—ืจืจ ืžื”ื.
08:50
You are the creator of your reality.
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ืืชื ื”ื™ื•ืฆืจื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ืฉืœื›ื.
08:54
With that empowerment comes complete responsibility.
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ื”ื”ืขืฆืžื” ื”ื–ื• ืžืœื•ื•ื” ื‘ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช ืžืœืื”.
08:58
I chose to step out of fear's tunnel into terrain uncharted and undefined.
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ืื ื™ ื‘ื—ืจืชื™ ืœืฆืืช ืžืžื—ื™ืœื•ืช ื”ืคื—ื“ ืœื“ืจืš ืœื ืกืœื•ืœื” ื•ืœื ืžื•ื’ื“ืจืช.
09:04
I chose to build there a blessed life.
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ื‘ื—ืจืชื™ ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ืฉื ื—ื™ื™ื ืžืื•ืฉืจื™ื.
09:08
Far from alone,
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ืœืœื ืฉื•ื ื‘ื“ื™ื“ื•ืช,
09:09
I share my beautiful life with Dorothy,
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ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืœืง ืืช ื—ื™ื™ ื”ื™ืคื™ื ืขื ื“ื•ืจื•ืชื™,
09:12
my beautiful wife,
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ืื™ืฉืชื™ ื”ื™ืคื”.
09:14
with our triplets, whom we call the Tripskys,
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ืขื ื”ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ื” ืฉืœื ื•, ื”"ื˜ืจื™ืคืงืกื™ื",
09:18
and with the latest addition to the family,
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ื•ืขื ื”ืชื•ืกืคืช ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื” ืœืžืฉืคื—ืชื ื•,
09:20
sweet baby Clementine.
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ื”ืชื™ื ื•ืงืช ื”ืžืชื•ืงื” ืงืœืžื ื˜ื™ื™ืŸ.
09:22
What do you fear?
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ืžืžื” ืืชื ืžืคื—ื“ื™ื?
09:25
What lies do you tell yourself?
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ืื™ืœื• ืฉืงืจื™ื ืืชื ืžืกืคืจื™ื ืœืขืฆืžื›ื?
09:28
How do you embellish your truth and write your own fictions?
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ืื™ืš ืืชื ืžื™ื™ืคื™ื ืืช ื”ืืžืช ืฉืœื›ื ื•ื›ื•ืชื‘ื™ื ืืช ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ืฉืœื›ื?
09:32
What reality are you creating for yourself?
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ืื™ื–ื• ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ืืชื ื™ื•ืฆืจื™ื ืœืขืฆืžื›ื?
09:36
In your career and personal life, in your relationships,
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ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื•ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื ื”ืื™ืฉื™ื™ื ืฉืœื›ื, ื‘ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ื”ื™ื—ืกื™ื ืฉืœื›ื,
09:39
and in your heart and soul,
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ื‘ืœื‘ื›ื ื•ื‘ื ืฉืžืชื›ื,
09:41
your backwards-swimming fish do you great harm.
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ื”ื“ื’ื™ื ื”ืฉื•ื—ื™ื ืื—ื•ืจื ื™ืช ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ืœื ื–ืง ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™.
09:44
They exact a toll in missed opportunities and unrealized potential,
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ื”ื ื’ื•ื‘ื™ื ืžื—ื™ืจ ื‘ื”ื–ื“ืžื ื•ื™ื•ืช ืœื ืžื ื•ืฆืœื•ืช ื•ื‘ืคื•ื˜ื ืฆื™ืืœ ืœื ืžืžื•ืžืฉ,
09:49
and they engender insecurity and distrust
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ื™ื•ืฆืจื™ื ื—ื•ืกืจ ื‘ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ื•ื—ื•ืกืจ ืืžื•ืŸ
09:51
where you seek fulfillment and connection.
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ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื”ื’ืฉืžื” ื•ืงืฉืจื™ื.
09:55
I urge you to search them out.
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ืื ื™ ืžืคืฆื™ืจ ื‘ื›ื ืœื–ื”ื•ืช ืื•ืชื.
09:59
Helen Keller said that the only thing worse than being blind
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ื”ืœืŸ ืงืœืจ ืืžืจื” ืฉื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ ื”ื’ืจื•ืข ืžืขื™ื•ื•ืจื•ืŸ,
10:03
is having sight but no vision.
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ื”ื•ื ืจืื™ื” ืœืœื ื—ื–ื•ืŸ.
10:06
For me, going blind was a profound blessing,
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ืขื‘ื•ืจื™, ื”ื”ืชืขื•ื•ืจื•ืช ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื‘ืจื›ื” ืืžื™ืชื™ืช.
10:10
because blindness gave me vision.
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ื›ื™ ื“ืจืš ื”ืขื™ื•ื•ืจื•ืŸ ืงื™ื‘ืœืชื™ ื—ื–ื•ืŸ.
10:13
I hope you can see what I see.
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ืื ื™ ืžืงื•ื•ื” ืฉืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืืช ืžื” ืฉืื ื™ ืจื•ืื”.
10:16
Thank you.
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ืชื•ื“ื” ืœื›ื.
10:17
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
10:32
Bruno Giussani: Isaac, before you leave the stage, just a question.
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ื‘ืจื•ื ื• ื’'ื™ืกื ื™: ืื™ื™ื–ืง, ืœืคื ื™ ืฉืชืจื“ ืžื”ื‘ืžื”, ื™ืฉ ืœื™ ืฉืืœื”.
10:35
This is an audience of entrepreneurs, of doers, of innovators.
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ื–ื”ื• ืงื”ืœ ืฉืœ ืžืืจื’ื ื™ื, ื™ื–ืžื™ื, ืžืžืฆื™ืื™ื.
10:39
You are a CEO of a company down in Florida,
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ืืชื” ื”ืžื ื›ืดืœ ืฉืœ ื—ื‘ืจื” ื‘ืคืœื•ืจื™ื“ื”,
10:43
and many are probably wondering,
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ื•ืจื‘ื™ื ืžื”ื ื‘ื•ื•ื“ืื™ ืชื•ื”ื™ื,
10:45
how is it to be a blind CEO?
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ืื™ืš ื–ื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื ื›"ืœ ืขื™ื•ื•ืจ?
10:47
What kind of specific challenges do you have, and how do you overcome them?
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ื‘ืื™ืœื• ืงืฉื™ื™ื ืืชื” ื ืชืงืœ, ื•ืื™ืš ืืชื” ืžืชืžื•ื“ื“ ืื™ืชื?
10:51
Isaac Lidsky: Well, the biggest challenge became a blessing.
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ืื™ื™ื–ืง ืœื™ื“ืกืงื™: ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ื”ืงื•ืฉื™ ื”ืขื™ืงืจื™ ื”ืคืš ืœื™ืชืจื•ืŸ ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™.
10:54
I don't get visual feedback from people.
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ืื ื™ ืœื ืจื•ืื” ืืช ื”ืชื’ื•ื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืื ืฉื™ื.
10:57
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
11:00
BG: What's that noise there? IL: Yeah.
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โ€“ ืžื” ื–ื” ื”ืจืขืฉ ื”ื–ื”?... โ€“ ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง.
11:02
So, for example, in my leadership team meetings,
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ื›ืš ืœืžืฉืœ, ื‘ืคื’ื™ืฉื•ืช ื”ืžื ื”ืœื™ื ืฉืœื™
11:05
I don't see facial expressions or gestures.
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ืื ื™ ืœื ืจื•ืื” ื”ื‘ืขื•ืช ืคื ื™ื ืื• ืžื—ื•ื•ืช,
11:09
I've learned to solicit a lot more verbal feedback.
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ืื– ืœืžื“ืชื™ ืœื“ืจื•ืฉ ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืชื’ื•ื‘ื•ืช ืžื™ืœื•ืœื™ื•ืช.
11:13
I basically force people to tell me what they think.
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ืื ื™ ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืžื›ืจื™ื— ืื ืฉื™ื ืœื•ืžืจ ืœื™ ืžื” ื”ื ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื.
11:18
And in this respect,
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ื•ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื–ื”,
11:19
it's become, like I said, a real blessing for me personally and for my company,
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ื–ื” ื”ืคืš, ื›ืคื™ ืฉืืžืจืชื™, ืœื™ืชืจื•ืŸ ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœื™ ื•ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ืฉืœื™,
11:24
because we communicate at a far deeper level,
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ื›ืš ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืชืงืฉืจื™ื ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืขืžื•ืง ื™ื•ืชืจ,
11:27
we avoid ambiguities,
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ื ืžื ืขื™ื ืžืขืžื™ืžื•ืช,
11:30
and most important, my team knows that what they think truly matters.
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ื•ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ, ื”ืฆื•ื•ืช ืฉืœื™ ื™ื•ื“ืข ืฉืžื” ืฉื”ื ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ื‘ืืžืช ืžืฉืคื™ืข.
11:38
BG: Isaac, thank you for coming to TED. IL: Thank you, Bruno.
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โ€“ ืื™ื™ื–ืง, ืชื•ื“ื” ืฉื‘ืืช ืœ TED โ€“ ืชื•ื“ื” ืœืš, ื‘ืจื•ื ื•.
11:41
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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