Everything you think you know about addiction is wrong | Johann Hari | TED

Prevodilac: Miloš Milosavljević Lektor: Mile Živković

One of my earliest memories

Jedno od mojih najranijih sećanja je

is of trying to wake up one of my relatives and not being able to.

kad sam pokušao da probudim jednog svog rođaka i nisam mogao.

And I was just a little kid, so I didn't really understand why,

Bio sam dete i nisam razumeo zašto,

but as I got older,

ali kad sam odrastao,

I realized we had drug addiction in my family,

shvatio sam da smo imali zavisnost od droge u porodici,

including later cocaine addiction.

uključujući i kasniju zavisnost od kokaina.

I'd been thinking about it a lot lately, partly because it's now exactly 100 years

Mislio sam puno o tome u zadnje vreme, delom zato što je sada tačno sto godina

since drugs were first banned in the United States and Britain,

od kad su droge prvi put zabranjene u SAD i V. Britaniji

and we then imposed that on the rest of the world.

i kasnije to prošireno na ostatak sveta.

It's a century since we made this really fateful decision

Prošao je jedan vek od kad smo doneli sudbonosnu odluku

to take addicts and punish them and make them suffer,

da kažnjavamo zavisnike,

because we believed that would deter them; it would give them an incentive to stop.

jer smo verovali da će ih to odvratiti, dati im podsticaj da prestanu.

And a few years ago, I was looking at some of the addicts in my life who I love,

Pre par godina, posmatrao sam neke zavisnike koje volim

and trying to figure out if there was some way to help them.

i pokušavao da smislim neki način da im pomognem.

And I realized there were loads of incredibly basic questions

I shvatio sam da postoji gomila neverovatno bazičnih pitanja

I just didn't know the answer to,

na koja nisam znao odgovor,

like, what really causes addiction?

kao na primer: šta je uzrok zavisnosti?

Why do we carry on with this approach that doesn't seem to be working,

Zašto nastavljamo sa ovim pristupom koji, izgleda, ne funkcioniše

and is there a better way out there that we could try instead?

i da li postoji bolji način?

So I read loads of stuff about it,

Pa sam onda pročitao svašta o tome

and I couldn't really find the answers I was looking for,

i nisam baš mogao da nađem odgovore koje sam tražio,

so I thought, okay, I'll go and sit with different people around the world

pa sam pomislio, okej, sešću sa raznim ljudima širom sveta

koji su prošli kroz to i proučavali to

who lived this and studied this

i razgovaraću s njima i videti da li mogu nešto da naučim.

and talk to them and see if I could learn from them.

And I didn't realize I would end up going over 30,000 miles at the start,

Nisam mislio da ću preći 50.000 km,

ali jesam, i sreo sam gomile različitih ljudi

but I ended up going and meeting loads of different people,

od transrodnog dilera kreka u Braunsvilu, u Bruklinu,

from a transgender crack dealer in Brownsville, Brooklyn,

to a scientist who spends a lot of time feeding hallucinogens to mongooses

do naučnika koji daje halucinogene mungosima

da vidi da li im se sviđaju -

to see if they like them --

it turns out they do, but only in very specific circumstances --

i rezultat je da im se sviđaju, ali samo u posebnim okolnostima -

to the only country that's ever decriminalized all drugs,

do jedine zemlje koja je dekriminalizovala sve droge,

from cannabis to crack, Portugal.

od kanabisa do kreka - Portugala.

And the thing I realized that really blew my mind is,

Ono što me je zaista zapanjilo je

almost everything we think we know about addiction is wrong,

da je skoro sve što smo mislili da znamo o zavisnosti pogrešno

and if we start to absorb the new evidence about addiction,

i ako počnemo da usvajamo nova svedočenja o zavisnosti,

I think we're going to have to change a lot more than our drug policies.

mislim da ćemo morati da promenimo i više od same politike prema drogama.

But let's start with what we think we know, what I thought I knew.

Ali da počnemo sa onim što smo mislili da znamo.

Let's think about this middle row here.

Uzmimo srednji red, na primer.

Imagine all of you, for 20 days now, went off and used heroin three times a day.

Zamislite da svi vi uzimate heroin 20 dana, 3 puta dnevno.

Some of you look a little more enthusiastic than others at this prospect.

Izgleda da su se neki obradovali više ovoj mogućnosti od drugih.

(Laughter)

(Smeh)

Don't worry, it's just a thought experiment.

Ne brinite, to je samo misaoni eksperiment.

Imagine you did that, right?

Zamislite da ste to uradili.

What would happen?

Šta bi se desilo?

Now, we have a story about what would happen that we've been told for a century.

Ceo vek su nam pričali istu priču o tome šta bi se desilo.

Mislimo da, zato što heroin sadrži hemijske navlake,

We think, because there are chemical hooks in heroin,

as you took it for a while,

ako ga uzimate neko vreme,

your body would become dependent on those hooks,

vaše telo bi postalo zavisno od tih navlaka,

you'd start to physically need them,

počeli biste da osećate fizičku potrebu

and at the end of those 20 days, you'd all be heroin addicts. Right?

i posle tih 20 dana, svi biste bili zavisnici od heroina. Jel tako?

That's what I thought.

To je ono što sam ja mislio.

First thing that alerted me to the fact that something's not right with this story

Prva stvar koja me je upozorila da nešto nije u redu sa tom pričom

is when it was explained to me.

je kad su mi objasnili.

If I step out of this TED Talk today and I get hit by a car and I break my hip,

Kad bih izašao sa TED-a danas i udari me auto i polomim kuk,

I'll be taken to hospital and I'll be given loads of diamorphine.

odveli bi me u bolnicu i dali bi mi velike količine diamorfina.

Diamorphine is heroin.

Diamorfin je heroin.

It's actually much better heroin than you're going to buy on the streets,

To je u stvari mnogo bolji heroin od onog koji ćete kupiti na ulici,

because the stuff you buy from a drug dealer is contaminated.

jer je onaj koji kupujete od dilera kontaminiran.

Vrlo malo od toga je heroin,

Actually, very little of it is heroin,

dok je onaj koji dobijate od lekara medicinski čist.

whereas the stuff you get from the doctor is medically pure.

I to bi vam davali tokom dugog vremenskog perioda.

And you'll be given it for quite a long period of time.

Mnogi od vas u ovoj prostoriji

There are loads of people in this room,

nisu svesni da su već uzeli prilično heroina.

you may not realize it, you've taken quite a lot of heroin.

I svako ko gleda ovo širom sveta, to se dešava.

And anyone who is watching this anywhere in the world, this is happening.

Ako je ono što mislimo o zavisnosti tačno -

And if what we believe about addiction is right --

ovi ljudi su izloženi svim tim hemijskim navlakama -

those people are exposed to all those chemical hooks --

Šta bi trebalo da se desi? Trebalo bi da postanu zavisni.

What should happen? They should become addicts.

Ovo su proučavali vrlo pažljivo.

This has been studied really carefully.

To se ne dešava. Primetićete da vaša baka kojoj su zamenili kuk

It doesn't happen; you will have noticed if your grandmother had a hip replacement,

nije postala narkoman. (Smeh)

she didn't come out as a junkie. (Laughter)

Kad sam ovo saznao, bilo mi je čudno,

And when I learned this, it seemed so weird to me,

toliko u suprotnosti sa svim što su mi pričali i što sam mislio da znam,

so contrary to everything I'd been told, everything I thought I knew,

da sam pomislio da ne može biti tačno, sve dok nisam sreo Brusa Aleksandera.

I just thought it couldn't be right, until I met a man called Bruce Alexander.

On je profesor psihologije u Vankuveru

He's a professor of psychology in Vancouver

koji je izveo neverovatan eksperiment

who carried out an incredible experiment

koji će nam, ja mislim, pomoći da razumemo ovaj problem.

I think really helps us to understand this issue.

Profesor Aleksander mi je objasnio

Professor Alexander explained to me,

da ideja koju svi imamo o zavisnosti

the idea of addiction we've all got in our heads, that story,

potiče delom od niza eksperimenata

comes partly from a series of experiments

koji su rađeni u 20. veku.

that were done earlier in the 20th century.

To su vrlo jednostavni eksperimenti.

They're really simple.

Možete ih izvesti večeras kod kuće ako ste sadistički raspoloženi.

You can do them tonight at home if you feel a little sadistic.

Stavite pacova u kavez i date mu dve flaše s vodom.

You get a rat and you put it in a cage, and you give it two water bottles:

U jednoj je samo voda, a u drugoj je voda sa dodatim heroinom ili kokainom.

One is just water, and the other is water laced with either heroin or cocaine.

Pacovu će se skoro uvek više svideti voda sa drogom

If you do that, the rat will almost always prefer the drug water

i skoro uvek će sebe ubiti vrlo brzo.

and almost always kill itself quite quickly.

So there you go, right? That's how we think it works.

I to je to, jel' tako? Mislimo da tako funkcioniše.

70-tih godina, profesor Aleksander je posmatrao eksperiment

In the '70s, Professor Alexander comes along and he looks at this experiment

and he noticed something.

i primetio nešto.

Rekao je: ah, pa mi stavljamo pacova u prazan kavez.

He said ah, we're putting the rat in an empty cage.

On nema šta drugo da radi osim da koristi ove droge.

It's got nothing to do except use these drugs.

Let's try something different.

Hajde da probamo nešto drugačije.

So Professor Alexander built a cage that he called "Rat Park,"

I napravio je kavez koji je nazvao "Park za pacove",

which is basically heaven for rats.

koji predstavlja raj za pacove.

They've got loads of cheese, they've got loads of colored balls,

Tu su imali sir, loptice u boji,

they've got loads of tunnels.

razne tunele.

Crucially, they've got loads of friends. They can have loads of sex.

I najvažnije, imali su puno prijatelja. Mogli su imati seks.

And they've got both the water bottles, the normal water and the drugged water.

I dobili su obe flaše s vodom, običnu vodu i vodu s drogom.

But here's the fascinating thing:

I evo fascinantne stvari:

In Rat Park, they don't like the drug water.

u Parku za pacove, ne vole vodu sa drogom.

They almost never use it.

Skoro nikad je ne koriste.

None of them ever use it compulsively.

Nijedan je ne koristi kompulsivno.

None of them ever overdose.

Nikad se nijedan ne predozira.

You go from almost 100 percent overdose when they're isolated

Od 100 posto predoziranosti kad su u izolaciji

to zero percent overdose when they have happy and connected lives.

do nula posto predoziranosti kad imaju srećne živote i veze s drugima.

Now, when he first saw this, Professor Alexander thought,

Kad je prvi put ovo video, profesor Aleksander je pomislio:

maybe this is just a thing about rats, they're quite different to us.

možda je ovo samo kod pacova, oni su prilično različiti od nas.

Maybe not as different as we'd like, but, you know --

Možda ne tako različiti kao što bismo voleli, ali ipak -

But fortunately, there was a human experiment

Srećom, postojao je eksperiment s ljudima

into the exact same principle happening at the exact same time.

po istom principu i u potpuno isto vreme.

It was called the Vietnam War.

Zvao se Vijetnamski rat.

In Vietnam, 20 percent of all American troops were using loads of heroin,

U Vijetnamu, 20 posto američkih vojnika koristilo je mnogo heroina

and if you look at the news reports from the time,

i ako pogledate novinske izveštaje iz tog vremena,

they were really worried, because they thought, my God, we're going to have

bili su veoma zabrinuti, jer su mislili: bože, imaćemo

hundreds of thousands of junkies on the streets of the United States

stotine hiljada narkomana na ulicama SAD-a

kad se rat završi; to je bilo potpuno logično.

when the war ends; it made total sense.

Now, those soldiers who were using loads of heroin were followed home.

Ove vojnike koji su koristili heroin pratili su po povratku kući.

The Archives of General Psychiatry did a really detailed study,

Psihijatrijski časopis uradio je detaljno istraživanje

and what happened to them?

o tome šta je s njima bilo posle.

It turns out they didn't go to rehab. They didn't go into withdrawal.

Oni nisu išli na rehabilitaciju ni na odvikavanje.

Ninety-five percent of them just stopped.

95 posto njih je samo prestalo.

Now, if you believe the story about chemical hooks,

Ako verujete u priču o hemijskim navlakama,

that makes absolutely no sense, but Professor Alexander began to think

to nema uopšte smisla, ali profesor Aleksander je pomislio

there might be a different story about addiction.

da možda postoji drugačija priča o zavisnosti.

He said, what if addiction isn't about your chemical hooks?

Rekao je: šta ako zavisnost nema veze sa hemijskim navlakama?

What if addiction is about your cage?

Šta ako zavisnost ima veze sa vašim kavezom?

What if addiction is an adaptation to your environment?

Šta ako je zavisnost prilagođavanje vašem okruženju?

Looking at this,

Kad govorimo o tome,

there was another professor called Peter Cohen in the Netherlands

bio je još jedan profesor, Piter Koen u Holandiji,

who said, maybe we shouldn't even call it addiction.

koji je rekao da to možda ne bi trebalo nazivati zavisnošću.

Možda bi to trebalo nazvati: vezivanje.

Maybe we should call it bonding.

Human beings have a natural and innate need to bond,

Ljudska bića imaju prirodnu potrebu za vezivanjem

and when we're happy and healthy, we'll bond and connect with each other,

i kada smo srećni i zdravi stvaraćemo veze jedni s drugima,

but if you can't do that,

ali ako to ne možete da uradite

because you're traumatized or isolated or beaten down by life,

jer ste izolovani ili ste pretrpeli traumu ili vas je život ophrvao,

you will bond with something that will give you some sense of relief.

vezaćete se za nešto što vam daje neki osećaj olakšanja.

Now, that might be gambling, that might be pornography,

To može biti kocka, pornografija,

that might be cocaine, that might be cannabis,

kokain, kanabis,

but you will bond and connect with something because that's our nature.

ali ćete se vezati za nešto jer je to naša priroda.

That's what we want as human beings.

To je ono što želimo kao ljudska bića.

And at first, I found this quite a difficult thing to get my head around,

U početku, ovo mi je bilo teško da shvatim,

but one way that helped me to think about it is,

ali pomoglo mi je da razmišljam na sledeći način.

I can see, I've got over by my seat a bottle of water, right?

Imam flašicu s vodom kod svog mesta.

I'm looking at lots of you, and lots of you have bottles of water with you.

I mnogi od od vas imaju flašicu s vodom kod sebe.

Forget the drugs. Forget the drug war.

Zaboravite drogu.

Totally legally, all of those bottles of water could be bottles of vodka, right?

Potpuno legalno, u svim ovim flašicama može biti votka.

We could all be getting drunk -- I might after this -- (Laughter) --

Svi bismo mogli da se opijamo - ja posle ovoga - (Smeh)

but we're not.

ali to ne radimo.

Now, because you've been able to afford the approximately gazillion pounds

Pošto ste mogli da platite zilion funti,

that it costs to get into a TED Talk, I'm guessing you guys could afford

koliko košta ulaz na TED, pretpostavljam da možete da priuštite sebi

to be drinking vodka for the next six months.

da pijete votku narednih šest meseci.

You wouldn't end up homeless.

Ne biste završili kao beskućnici.

You're not going to do that, and the reason you're not going to do that

Ali nećete to uraditi, a razlog

is not because anyone's stopping you.

nije to što vas niko ne sprečava

It's because you've got bonds and connections

već zato što imate veze i odnose

that you want to be present for.

zbog kojih želite da budete prisutni.

You've got work you love. You've got people you love.

Imate posao koji volite, ljude koje volite.

You've got healthy relationships.

Imate zdrave odnose.

And a core part of addiction,

A centralna stvar zavisnosti,

I came to think, and I believe the evidence suggests,

mislim, i verujem da primeri pokazuju,

is about not being able to bear to be present in your life.

je nemogućnost da podnesete da budete prisutni u svom životu.

Now, this has really significant implications.

To ima veoma značajne implikacije.

The most obvious implications are for the War on Drugs.

Najočiglednije su one u Ratu protiv droge.

In Arizona, I went out with a group of women

U Arizoni sam izašao sa grupom žena

who were made to wear t-shirts saying, "I was a drug addict,"

koje su naterali da nose majice na kojima piše "Ja sam bila zavisnik od droge"

and go out on chain gangs and dig graves while members of the public jeer at them,

i izađu u grupi, vezane, i kopaju grobove dok im se javnost ruga

and when those women get out of prison, they're going to have criminal records

i kada ove žene izađu iz zatvora, imaće krivične dosijee,

that mean they'll never work in the legal economy again.

što znači da više nikad neće raditi u legalnoj ekonomiji.

Now, that's a very extreme example, obviously, in the case of the chain gang,

Ovo je ekstreman primer, naravno, u slučaju zatvorenika u lancima,

but actually almost everywhere in the world

ali skoro svuda u svetu

we treat addicts to some degree like that.

tretiramo zavisnike na sličan način.

We punish them. We shame them. We give them criminal records.

Kažnjavamo ih. Ponižavamo ih. Otvaramo im krivične dosijee.

We put barriers between them reconnecting.

Sprečavamo njihovo ponovno povezivanje.

There was a doctor in Canada, Dr. Gabor Maté, an amazing man,

Jedan doktor u Kanadi, dr Gabor Mate, neverovatan čovek,

who said to me, if you wanted to design a system that would make addiction worse,

rekao mi je: ako želite da stvorite sistem koji će pogoršati zavisnost,

you would design that system.

stvorićete taj sistem.

Now, there's a place that decided to do the exact opposite,

Ali, postoji jedno mesto gde su rešili da urade potpuno suprotno

and I went there to see how it worked.

i otišao sam tamo da vidim kako to funkcioniše.

In the year 2000, Portugal had one of the worst drug problems in Europe.

Godine 2000, Portugal je imao jedan od najvećih problema s drogom u Evropi.

One percent of the population was addicted to heroin, which is kind of mind-blowing,

Jedan procenat populacije je bio zavistan od heroina, što je neverovatno

and every year, they tried the American way more and more.

i svake godine su sve više i više koristili američki način.

They punished people and stigmatized them and shamed them more,

Kažnjavali su ljude, žigosali ih i ponižavali sve više

and every year, the problem got worse.

i problem se pogoršavao svake godine.

And one day, the Prime Minister and the leader of the opposition got together,

I jednog dana, premijer i vođa opozicije su se sastali

i rekli: ovako dalje ne možemo

and basically said, look, we can't go on

sa zemljom u kojoj imamo sve više zavisnika od heroina.

with a country where we're having ever more people becoming heroin addicts.

Hajde da formiramo komisiju od naučnika i doktora

Let's set up a panel of scientists and doctors

da bismo smislili kako da rešimo problem.

to figure out what would genuinely solve the problem.

I formirali su komisiju koju je vodio dr Žoao Gulao

And they set up a panel led by an amazing man called Dr. João Goulão,

da prouče sve ove nove dokaze

to look at all this new evidence,

i kad su završili, rekli su:

and they came back and they said,

"Decriminalize all drugs from cannabis to crack, but" --

"Dekriminalizujte sve droge od kanabisa do kreka, ali" -

and this is the crucial next step --

i ovo je ključni sledeći korak -

"take all the money we used to spend on cutting addicts off,

"uzmite sav novac koji smo koristili da izolujemo zavisnike,

on disconnecting them,

da ih isključimo,

and spend it instead on reconnecting them with society."

i potrošite ga na njihovo ponovno povezivanje sa društvom."

And that's not really what we think of as drug treatment

To nije baš ono kako vidimo lečenje od droge

in the United States and Britain.

u SAD i Velikoj Britaniji.

So they do do residential rehab,

Oni rade rehabilitaciju sa smeštajem,

they do psychological therapy, that does have some value.

rade i psihološku terapiju koja ima neku vrednost.

But the biggest thing they did was the complete opposite of what we do:

Ali najveća stvar koju su uradili je potpuno suprotna od onog što mi radimo:

a massive program of job creation for addicts,

obiman program kreiranja poslova za zavisnike

and microloans for addicts to set up small businesses.

i mikro krediti zavisnicima za pokretanje malih poslova.

So say you used to be a mechanic.

Recimo, bili ste automehaničar.

When you're ready, they'll go to a garage, and they'll say,

Kad ste spremni, oni odu u radionicu i kažu:

ako zaposlite ovog momka na godinu dana, mi ćemo plaćati polovinu njegove plate.

if you employ this guy for a year, we'll pay half his wages.

The goal was to make sure that every addict in Portugal

Cilj je bio da svaki zavisnik u Portugalu

had something to get out of bed for in the morning.

ima nešto zbog čega bi ustao ujutru iz kreveta.

And when I went and met the addicts in Portugal,

Kad sam otišao i upoznao zavisnike u Portugalu,

rekli su mi da dok su ponovo otkrivali svrhu,

what they said is, as they rediscovered purpose,

they rediscovered bonds and relationships with the wider society.

otkrivali su ponovo i veze i odnose s društvom.

It'll be 15 years this year since that experiment began,

Ove godine će biti 15 godina od početka eksperimenta

and the results are in:

i rezultati su:

injecting drug use is down in Portugal,

upotreba droge ubrizgavanjem je opala u Portugalu,

according to the British Journal of Criminology,

prema britanskom kriminološkom časopisu,

by 50 percent, five-zero percent.

za 50 posto.

Overdose is massively down, HIV is massively down among addicts.

Predoziranje je u velikoj meri opalo, kao i pojava HIV-a među zavisnicima.

Addiction in every study is significantly down.

Po svim istraživanjima, zavisnost je značajno opala.

One of the ways you know it's worked so well is that almost nobody in Portugal

Vidite da je bilo uspešno i po tome što skoro niko u Portugalu

wants to go back to the old system.

ne želi da se vrati na stari sistem.

Now, that's the political implications.

To su političke implikacije.

I actually think there's a layer of implications

Mislim da postoji sloj implikacija

to all this research below that.

svih tih istraživanja ispod toga.

We live in a culture where people feel really increasingly vulnerable

Živimo u kulturi gde se ljudi osećaju sve podložnije

to all sorts of addictions, whether it's to their smartphones

svim vrstama zavisnosti, bilo od mobilnih telefona,

or to shopping or to eating.

od kupovine ili od jela.

Before these talks began -- you guys know this --

Pre nego što su govori počeli - znate to -

we were told we weren't allowed to have our smartphones on,

rekli su nam da pametni telefoni ne smeju da nam budu uključeni

and I have to say, a lot of you looked an awful lot like

i mnogi od vas su izgledali

addicts who were told their dealer was going to be unavailable

kao zavisnici kojima su rekli da njihov diler neće biti tu

narednih nekoliko sati. (Smeh)

for the next couple of hours. (Laughter)

Mnogi od nas se osećaju tako, i možda će zvučati čudno,

A lot of us feel like that, and it might sound weird to say,

I've been talking about how disconnection is a major driver of addiction

govorio sam o tome kako je nepovezanost veliki poketač zavisnosti

i čudno je reći da je u porastu,

and weird to say it's growing,

because you think we're the most connected society that's ever been, surely.

jer mislimo da smo najpovezanije društvo koje je ikada postojalo.

But I increasingly began to think that the connections we have

Ali sve više mislim da su veze koje imamo,

or think we have, are like a kind of parody of human connection.

ili mislimo da imamo, nešto kao parodija na ljudsku povezanost.

If you have a crisis in your life, you'll notice something.

Ako imate krizu u životu, primetićete nešto.

It won't be your Twitter followers who come to sit with you.

Oni koji vas prate na Tviteru neće sesti sa vama.

It won't be your Facebook friends who help you turn it round.

Neće vam pomoći vaši prijatelji sa Fejsbuka.

It'll be your flesh and blood friends who you have deep and nuanced

To će biti vaši prijatelji od krvi i mesa sa kojima imate dublje

and textured, face-to-face relationships with,

i iznijansirane odnose, licem u lice.

and there's a study I learned about from Bill McKibben, the environmental writer,

Postoji istraživanje za koje sam saznao od Bila MekKibena, stručnjaka za ekologiju,

that I think tells us a lot about this.

koje nam govori mnogo o ovome.

It looked at the number of close friends the average American believes

Posmatran je broj bliskih prijatelja koje prosečan Amerikanac misli

they can call on in a crisis.

da može da pozove kad je u krizi.

That number has been declining steadily since the 1950s.

Taj broj je u stalnom padu od pedesetih godina.

The amount of floor space an individual has in their home

Površina prostora u stanu pojedinca

has been steadily increasing,

je u stalnom porastu

and I think that's like a metaphor

i mislim da je to metafora

for the choice we've made as a culture.

za izbor koji smo napravili kao kultura.

We've traded floorspace for friends, we've traded stuff for connections,

Zamenili smo prijatelje površinom stana, zamenili smo veze stvarima

and the result is we are one of the loneliest societies there has ever been.

i rezultat je da smo jedno od najusamljenijih društava ikada.

And Bruce Alexander, the guy who did the Rat Park experiment, says,

Brus Aleksander, koji je izveo eksperiment sa pacovima, kaže:

we talk all the time in addiction about individual recovery,

kod zavisnosti stalno govorimo o individualnom oporavku,

and it's right to talk about that,

i u redu je pričati o tome,

but we need to talk much more about social recovery.

ali treba da govorimo mnogo više o društvenom oporavku.

Something's gone wrong with us, not just with individuals but as a group,

Nešto se poremetilo kod nas, ne samo kao pojedinaca već kao grupe.

and we've created a society where, for a lot of us,

Stvorili smo društvo gde, za mnoge od nas,

life looks a whole lot more like that isolated cage

život izgleda mnogo više kao izolovani kavez,

and a whole lot less like Rat Park.

a mnogo manje kao "Park za pacove".

If I'm honest, this isn't why I went into it.

Da budem iskren, ja nisam zbog toga ušao u ovo.

I didn't go in to the discover the political stuff, the social stuff.

Nisam ušao u to da bih otkrio političke i društvene stvari.

I wanted to know how to help the people I love.

Želeo sam da saznam kako da pomognem ljudima koje volim.

And when I came back from this long journey and I'd learned all this,

I kad sam se vratio s ovog dugog putovanja i naučio sve ovo,

I looked at the addicts in my life,

pogledao sam zavisnike u svom životu.

and if you're really candid, it's hard loving an addict,

Ako ćemo iskreno, teško je voleti zavisnika

and there's going to be lots of people who know in this room.

i ima mnogo ljudi koji to znaju u ovoj sali.

Mnogo vremena ste ljuti,

You are angry a lot of the time,

and I think one of the reasons why this debate is so charged

i jedan od razloga zašto je ova debata tako emotivna

is because it runs through the heart of each of us, right?

je to što prolazi kroz srca svih nas.

Everyone has a bit of them that looks at an addict and thinks,

Svako jednim delom sebe posmatra zavisnika i misli:

I wish someone would just stop you.

voleo bih kad bi te neko zaustavio.

And the kind of scripts we're told for how to deal with the addicts in our lives

Uputstva koja nam govore kako da tretiramo zavisnike u svom životu

is typified by, I think,

su tipizirana, ja mislim,

the reality show "Intervention," if you guys have ever seen it.

rijaliti emisijom "Intervencija", ako ste gledali.

I think everything in our lives is defined by reality TV,

Mislim da je sve u našim životima definisano rijaliti programom,

but that's another TED Talk.

ali to je neki drugi TED govor.

If you've ever seen the show "Intervention,"

Ako ste ikada gledali "Intervenciju",

ideja je prilično jednostavna.

it's a pretty simple premise.

Get an addict, all the people in their life, gather them together,

Uzmu zavisnika i sve ljude u njihovom životu, stave ih zajedno,

confront them with what they're doing, and they say, if you don't shape up,

suoče ih s onim što čine i kažu: ako se ne popraviš,

isključićemo te.

we're going to cut you off.

So what they do is they take the connection to the addict,

Uzmu vezu zavisnika

i ugroze je, učine je zavisnom

and they threaten it, they make it contingent

od ponašanja zavisnika.

on the addict behaving the way they want.

And I began to think, I began to see why that approach doesn't work,

Počinjem da uviđam zašto taj pristup ne funkcioniše

and I began to think that's almost like the importing of the logic of the Drug War

i mislim da je to skoro kao uvođenje Rata protiv droge

into our private lives.

u naše privatne živote.

So I was thinking, how could I be Portuguese?

Pa sam razmišljao: kako bih mogao da budem Portugalac?

And what I've tried to do now, and I can't tell you I do it consistently

Ono što sam pokušao da uradim sada i što radim stalno,

and I can't tell you it's easy,

i mogu vam reći da je lako,

is to say to the addicts in my life

je da kažem zavisnicima oko sebe

that I want to deepen the connection with them,

da želim da produbim vezu s njima,

to say to them, I love you whether you're using or you're not.

da im kažem: volim te bilo da uzimaš drogu ili ne.

I love you, whatever state you're in,

Volim te bez obzira u kom si stanju

and if you need me, I'll come and sit with you

i ako sam ti potreban, doći ću i sešću s tobom

because I love you and I don't want you to be alone

jer te volim i ne želim da budeš sam

or to feel alone.

ili da se osećaš sam.

And I think the core of that message --

Mislim da srž ove poruke -

you're not alone, we love you --

nisi sam, volimo te -

has to be at every level of how we respond to addicts,

mora biti na svakom nivou naše reakcije na zavisnike,

socially, politically and individually.

društveno, politički i pojedinačno.

For 100 years now, we've been singing war songs about addicts.

Sto godina unazad, pevali smo ratne pesme o zavisnicima.

I think all along we should have been singing love songs to them,

Mislim da je trebalo da im pevamo ljubavne pesme,

because the opposite of addiction is not sobriety.

jer suprotnost zavisnosti nije treznost.

The opposite of addiction is connection.

Suprotnost zavisnosti je povezanost.

Thank you.

Hvala vam.

(Applause)

(Aplauz)