Everything you think you know about addiction is wrong | Johann Hari | TED

Prevoditelj: Anja Kolobarić Recezent: Ivan Stamenković

One of my earliest memories

Jedno mojih od najstarijih sjećanja

is of trying to wake up one of my relatives and not being able to.

jest neuspjeli pokušaj buđenja jednog od mojih rođaka.

And I was just a little kid, so I didn't really understand why,

Bio sam samo dijete, pa nisam shvaćao zašto,

but as I got older,

ali kako sam odrastao,

I realized we had drug addiction in my family,

shvaćao sam da imamo ovisnika u obitelji,

including later cocaine addiction.

uključujući i ovisnika o kokainu.

I'd been thinking about it a lot lately, partly because it's now exactly 100 years

U zadnje vrijeme puno razmišljam o tome, dijelom zato što su prije točno sto godina

since drugs were first banned in the United States and Britain,

droge prvi put zabranjene u SAD-u i Britaniji,

and we then imposed that on the rest of the world.

a to smo kasnije nametnuli ostatku svijeta.

It's a century since we made this really fateful decision

Prošlo je cijelo stoljeće otkako smo donijeli tu vjernu odluku

to take addicts and punish them and make them suffer,

da kažnjavamo i mučimo ovisnike

because we believed that would deter them; it would give them an incentive to stop.

jer smo vjerovali da će ih to zastrašiti, da će ih potaknuti da prestanu.

And a few years ago, I was looking at some of the addicts in my life who I love,

Prije nekoliko godina promatrao sam neke od ovisnika u mom životu koje volim

and trying to figure out if there was some way to help them.

i pokušavao se dosjetiti načina na koji bih im mogao pomoći.

And I realized there were loads of incredibly basic questions

Shvatio sam da ima puno osnovnih pitanja

I just didn't know the answer to,

na koja nemam odgovor.

like, what really causes addiction?

Npr. što je uzrok ovisnosti?

Why do we carry on with this approach that doesn't seem to be working,

Zašto se držimo ovog pristupa koji očito ne funkcionira

and is there a better way out there that we could try instead?

i postoji li bolji pristup koji bismo mogli isprobati?

So I read loads of stuff about it,

Čitao sam puno o tome

and I couldn't really find the answers I was looking for,

i nisam našao odgovore koje sam tražio,

so I thought, okay, I'll go and sit with different people around the world

pa sam dosjetio kako ću se naći s različitim ljudima diljem svijeta

who lived this and studied this

koji su to proživjeli i proučavali

and talk to them and see if I could learn from them.

i popričati s njima da vidim što mogu naučiti od njih.

And I didn't realize I would end up going over 30,000 miles at the start,

Nisam ni slutio da ću preći preko 50 000 km odmah u početku,

but I ended up going and meeting loads of different people,

ali na kraju sam ih prešao i upoznao puno različitih ljudi -

from a transgender crack dealer in Brownsville, Brooklyn,

od transrodnog dilera cracka u Bronsvilleu, Brooklynu

to a scientist who spends a lot of time feeding hallucinogens to mongooses

do znanstvenika koji daje halucinogene droge mungosima

to see if they like them --

da vidi sviđaju li im se

it turns out they do, but only in very specific circumstances --

- ispada da im se sviđaju, ali samo u posebnim situacijama -

to the only country that's ever decriminalized all drugs,

do jedine države koja je ikada dekriminalizirala sve droge,

from cannabis to crack, Portugal.

od marihuane do cracka, Portugal.

And the thing I realized that really blew my mind is,

Uistinu me zapanjilo što sam shvatio

almost everything we think we know about addiction is wrong,

da je gotovo sve što mislimo da znamo o ovisnostima pogrešno.

and if we start to absorb the new evidence about addiction,

Kada počnemo upijati nove dokaze o ovisnosti,

I think we're going to have to change a lot more than our drug policies.

nećemo morati promijeniti samo naše zakone o drogama.

But let's start with what we think we know, what I thought I knew.

Krenimo od onoga što mislimo da znamo, od toga što sam ja mislio da znam.

Let's think about this middle row here.

Promotrimo ovaj srednji red.

Imagine all of you, for 20 days now, went off and used heroin three times a day.

Svi zamislite da ste 20 dana zaredom uzimali heroin triput dnevno.

Some of you look a little more enthusiastic than others at this prospect.

Nekima ova ideja zvuči primamljivije nego drugima.

(Laughter)

(Smijeh)

Don't worry, it's just a thought experiment.

Ne brinite, to je tek misaoni eksperiment.

Imagine you did that, right?

Sad to zamislite.

What would happen?

Što bi se dogodilo?

Now, we have a story about what would happen that we've been told for a century.

Imamo priču o tome što bi se dogodilo koja nam se priča već stoljećima.

We think, because there are chemical hooks in heroin,

Mislimo da budući da heroin izaziva ovisnost,

as you took it for a while,

a vi ste ga uzimali neko vrijeme,

your body would become dependent on those hooks,

tijelo će postati ovisno o njemu,

you'd start to physically need them,

postat ćete fizički ovisni

and at the end of those 20 days, you'd all be heroin addicts. Right?

i nakon tih 20 dana, postat ćete ovisnici o heroinu. Zar ne?

That's what I thought.

To sam i ja mislio.

First thing that alerted me to the fact that something's not right with this story

Prvi put kad sam pomislio da je nešto u toj priči pogrešno

is when it was explained to me.

jest kad mi je objašnjeno.

If I step out of this TED Talk today and I get hit by a car and I break my hip,

Ako danas odem s ove TED-konferencije, pokupi me auto i slomim kuk,

I'll be taken to hospital and I'll be given loads of diamorphine.

odvest će me u bolnicu gdje će mi dati velike količine diamorphinea.

Diamorphine is heroin.

Diamorphine je heroin.

It's actually much better heroin than you're going to buy on the streets,

Zapravo puno bolji od onoga kojeg možete naći na ulicama

because the stuff you buy from a drug dealer is contaminated.

jer je heroin koji kupujete od dilera kontaminiran.

Actually, very little of it is heroin,

Štoviše, vrlo je malen udio heroina,

whereas the stuff you get from the doctor is medically pure.

dok ćete kod doktora dobiti medicinski čist heroin,

And you'll be given it for quite a long period of time.

a dobivat ćete ga duže vrijeme.

There are loads of people in this room,

Ima puno ljudi u ovoj prostoriji

you may not realize it, you've taken quite a lot of heroin.

koji toga možda nisu ni svjesni, a koji su uzimali dosta heroina.

And anyone who is watching this anywhere in the world, this is happening.

I to se događa svugdje u svijetu.

And if what we believe about addiction is right --

Ako je točno ono što vjerujemo o ovisnostima,

those people are exposed to all those chemical hooks --

ti su ljudi izloženi kemijskim uzročnicima ovisnosti.

What should happen? They should become addicts.

Što bi se trebalo dogoditi? Trebali bi postati ovisnici.

This has been studied really carefully.

To se pažljivo proučava.

It doesn't happen; you will have noticed if your grandmother had a hip replacement,

To se ne događa; primijetit ćete da ukoliko vam je baka operirala kuk,

she didn't come out as a junkie. (Laughter)

nije postala narkomanka. (Smijeh)

And when I learned this, it seemed so weird to me,

Kad sam to naučio, činilo mi se veoma čudno,

so contrary to everything I'd been told, everything I thought I knew,

potpuna suprotnost svemu što mi je rečeno, svemu što sam mislio da znam

I just thought it couldn't be right, until I met a man called Bruce Alexander.

Mislio sam da to nikako nije istina, sve dok nisam upoznao Brucea Alexandera.

He's a professor of psychology in Vancouver

On je profesor psihologije u Vancouveru

who carried out an incredible experiment

koji je izvršio nevjerojatan eksperiment

I think really helps us to understand this issue.

koji nam uvelike pomaže razumjeti ovaj problem.

Professor Alexander explained to me,

Profesor Alexander objasnio mi je

the idea of addiction we've all got in our heads, that story,

vjerovanje o ovisnostima na koje smo svi pali, a ta priča

comes partly from a series of experiments

dijelom potječe od niza eksperimenata

that were done earlier in the 20th century.

izvršenih ranije u 20. stoljeću

They're really simple.

koji su bili uistinu jednostavni.

You can do them tonight at home if you feel a little sadistic.

Možete ih izvršiti večeras kod kuće ako ste sadistički nastrojeni.

You get a rat and you put it in a cage, and you give it two water bottles:

Uzmete štakora, stavite ga u kavez i date mu dvije boce vode.

One is just water, and the other is water laced with either heroin or cocaine.

U jednoj je obična voda, a u drugoj voda začinjena ili heroinom ili kokainom.

If you do that, the rat will almost always prefer the drug water

U tom slučaju on će gotovo uvijek radije uzeti kontaminiranu

and almost always kill itself quite quickly.

i gotovo uvijek prilično se brzo i ubiti.

So there you go, right? That's how we think it works.

I to je to, zar ne? Mislimo da to tako funkcionira.

In the '70s, Professor Alexander comes along and he looks at this experiment

Sedamdesetih godina profesor Alexander proučio je ovaj eksperiment

and he noticed something.

i primijetio nešto.

He said ah, we're putting the rat in an empty cage.

Rekao je: "Štakora smo stavili u prazan kavez

It's got nothing to do except use these drugs.

u kojemu nema što raditi osim drogirati se.

Let's try something different.

Probajmo nešto drugo."

So Professor Alexander built a cage that he called "Rat Park,"

Profesor je izradio kavez pod nazivom "Park za štakore"

which is basically heaven for rats.

koji je više-manje raj za štakore.

They've got loads of cheese, they've got loads of colored balls,

Imaju brdo sira, loptica u boji,

they've got loads of tunnels.

tunela.

Crucially, they've got loads of friends. They can have loads of sex.

Što je najvažnije, imaju puno prijatelja dostupnih za razmnožavanje.

And they've got both the water bottles, the normal water and the drugged water.

Imaju i obje boce vode, običnu i kontaminiranu.

But here's the fascinating thing:

Ali ono što je fascinantno jest

In Rat Park, they don't like the drug water.

to da u Parku za štakore ne biraju kontaminiranu vodu.

They almost never use it.

Gotovo je nikad ne izabiru.

None of them ever use it compulsively.

Nijedan je ne koristi kompulzivno,

None of them ever overdose.

nijedan se nije predozirao.

You go from almost 100 percent overdose when they're isolated

Od stopostotnog predoziranja u izolaciji

to zero percent overdose when they have happy and connected lives.

do 0% predoziranja kad žive sretno i ispunjeno.

Now, when he first saw this, Professor Alexander thought,

Kad je profesor Alexander ovo prvi put vidio, pomislio je

maybe this is just a thing about rats, they're quite different to us.

kako je to možda povezano samo uz štakore koji se razlikuju od nas.

Maybe not as different as we'd like, but, you know --

Možda ne toliko drugačiji koliko bismo htjeli, ali...

But fortunately, there was a human experiment

Srećom, eksperiment na ljudima

into the exact same principle happening at the exact same time.

na istom principu odvijao se u to isto vrijeme,

It was called the Vietnam War.

a zvao se Vijetnamski rat.

In Vietnam, 20 percent of all American troops were using loads of heroin,

U Vijetnamu 20% svih američkih trupa koristilo je ogromne količine heroina,

and if you look at the news reports from the time,

a ako promotrite vijesti iz tog vremena,

they were really worried, because they thought, my God, we're going to have

vidite da su bili jako zabrinuti jer su mislili da će imati

hundreds of thousands of junkies on the streets of the United States

stotine tisuće narkomana na ulicama SAD-a

when the war ends; it made total sense.

kada rat završi. Imalo je smisla.

Now, those soldiers who were using loads of heroin were followed home.

Vojnici koji su koristili goleme količine heroina poslani su kućama.

The Archives of General Psychiatry did a really detailed study,

Arhiv opće psihijatrije obavio je temeljito istraživanje.

and what happened to them?

I što im se dogodilo?

It turns out they didn't go to rehab. They didn't go into withdrawal.

Nisu trebali na odvikavanje niti su proživljavali simptome odvikavanja.

Ninety-five percent of them just stopped.

Devedeset pet posto jednostavno je prestalo.

Now, if you believe the story about chemical hooks,

Ako vjerujete u priču o kemijskoj ovisnosti,

that makes absolutely no sense, but Professor Alexander began to think

to nema baš nikakvog smisla, ali profesor Alexander počeo je misliti

there might be a different story about addiction.

da neka druga priča stoji iza ovisnosti.

He said, what if addiction isn't about your chemical hooks?

"Što ako ovisnost nema nikakve veze s kemijskom ovisnosti?

What if addiction is about your cage?

Što ako ona ima veze s vašim kavezom?

What if addiction is an adaptation to your environment?

Što ako je ovisnost oblik prilagođavanja okolišu?"

Looking at this,

To je promatrao

there was another professor called Peter Cohen in the Netherlands

i jedan drugi profesor: Petar Cohen iz Nizozemske

who said, maybe we shouldn't even call it addiction.

koji je pomislio da to ne bi trebalo zvati ovisnošću,

Maybe we should call it bonding.

možda to treba zvati vezivanjem.

Human beings have a natural and innate need to bond,

Ljudska bića imaju prirodnu, urođenu potrebu za vezivanjem.

and when we're happy and healthy, we'll bond and connect with each other,

Kad smo sretni i zdravi, vezat ćemo se i povezivati jedni s drugima,

but if you can't do that,

ali ako to ne možemo učiniti

because you're traumatized or isolated or beaten down by life,

jer smo istraumatizirani, izolirani ili nas je život pregazio,

you will bond with something that will give you some sense of relief.

vezat ćemo se uz nešto što će nam pružiti olakšanje.

Now, that might be gambling, that might be pornography,

Bilo to kockanje, pornografija,

that might be cocaine, that might be cannabis,

kokain ili marihuana,

but you will bond and connect with something because that's our nature.

vezat ćemo se i povezivati s nečime jer nam je to u prirodi.

That's what we want as human beings.

Tome težimo kao ljudska bića.

And at first, I found this quite a difficult thing to get my head around,

Isprva mi je to bilo teško za shvatiti,

but one way that helped me to think about it is,

ali ovo mi je pomoglo u tome.

I can see, I've got over by my seat a bottle of water, right?

Vidim da pokraj mog mjesta stoji boca vode,

I'm looking at lots of you, and lots of you have bottles of water with you.

a gledajući sve vas, primjećujem da ih imaju i mnogi od vas.

Forget the drugs. Forget the drug war.

Zaboravite droge i rat drogama.

Totally legally, all of those bottles of water could be bottles of vodka, right?

Bilo bi sasvim legalno da su te boce vode zapravo punjene votkom.

We could all be getting drunk -- I might after this -- (Laughter) --

Svi bi se mogli ponapijati, pa i ja odmah nakon ovoga. (Smijeh)

but we're not.

Ali ne radimo to.

Now, because you've been able to afford the approximately gazillion pounds

Budući da si možete priuštiti odoka milijardu funti

that it costs to get into a TED Talk, I'm guessing you guys could afford

vrijednu TED-konferenciju, pretpostavljam da si možete priuštiti

to be drinking vodka for the next six months.

i da pijete votku sljedećih šest mjeseci.

You wouldn't end up homeless.

Ne biste postali beskućnici.

You're not going to do that, and the reason you're not going to do that

Nećete to napraviti, a to nećete napraviti

is not because anyone's stopping you.

ne zato što vas nitko ne sprječava,

It's because you've got bonds and connections

već zato što imate veze i povezanosti

that you want to be present for.

u kojima želite sudjelovati.

You've got work you love. You've got people you love.

Imate posao koji volite, imate ljude koje volite.

You've got healthy relationships.

Imate zdrave odnose,

And a core part of addiction,

a osnovni dio ovisnosti,

I came to think, and I believe the evidence suggests,

kako sam i sȃm zaključio, a kako i dokazi potvrđuju,

is about not being able to bear to be present in your life.

jest nepodnošljivost vlastitog života.

Now, this has really significant implications.

To ima značajne implikacije.

The most obvious implications are for the War on Drugs.

Najočitije implikacije odnose se na rat drogama.

In Arizona, I went out with a group of women

U Arizoni sam izašao s grupom žena

who were made to wear t-shirts saying, "I was a drug addict,"

koje su morale nositi majice s natpisom: "Bila sam ovisna o drogama",

and go out on chain gangs and dig graves while members of the public jeer at them,

okovane lancima kopale grobove dok su im se promatrači rugali,

and when those women get out of prison, they're going to have criminal records

a kad te žene izađu iz zatvora, imat će kriminalne dosjee

that mean they'll never work in the legal economy again.

zbog kojih više neće naći posao na legalnom tržištu.

Now, that's a very extreme example, obviously, in the case of the chain gang,

To je prilično ekstreman primjer, u slučaju odreda okovanih,

but actually almost everywhere in the world

ali gotovo svugdje u svijetu

we treat addicts to some degree like that.

donekle tako postupamo s ovisnicima.

We punish them. We shame them. We give them criminal records.

Kažnjavamo ih, posramljujemo i dajemo im kriminalne dosjee.

We put barriers between them reconnecting.

onemogućujemo im da se ponovno povežu.

There was a doctor in Canada, Dr. Gabor Maté, an amazing man,

Kanadski doktor Gabor Maté, odličan čovjek,

who said to me, if you wanted to design a system that would make addiction worse,

rekao mi je: "Da želiš stvoriti sustav koji će pogoršati ovisnost,

you would design that system.

stvorio bi ga."

Now, there's a place that decided to do the exact opposite,

Postoji mjesto koje je odlučilo postupiti upravo suprotno.

and I went there to see how it worked.

Posjetio sam ga da vidim kako djeluje.

In the year 2000, Portugal had one of the worst drug problems in Europe.

Godine 2000. Portugal je imao najvišu stopu problema s drogom u Europi.

One percent of the population was addicted to heroin, which is kind of mind-blowing,

Jedan posto građana bilo je ovisno o heroinu, što je zaista nevjerojatno,

and every year, they tried the American way more and more.

a svake su godine sve više isprobavali "američki način".

They punished people and stigmatized them and shamed them more,

Kažnjavali su ovisnike, stigmatizirali ih i posramljivali

and every year, the problem got worse.

i svake se godine problem povećavao.

And one day, the Prime Minister and the leader of the opposition got together,

Jednog su se dana premijer i voditelj opozicije ujedinili

and basically said, look, we can't go on

i rekli: "Ne možemo napredovati

with a country where we're having ever more people becoming heroin addicts.

s državom u kojoj imamo sve više ovisnika o heorinu.

Let's set up a panel of scientists and doctors

Osnujmo vijeće znanstvenika i doktora

to figure out what would genuinely solve the problem.

da smislimo kako najbolje riješiti taj problem."

And they set up a panel led by an amazing man called Dr. João Goulão,

I osnovali su vijeće pod vodstvom dr. Joãoa Goulãoa, krasnog čovjeka,

to look at all this new evidence,

da prouče sve te dokaze

and they came back and they said,

i vratili su se rekavši:

"Decriminalize all drugs from cannabis to crack, but" --

"Dekriminalizirajte sve droge od marihuane do cracka, ali" -

and this is the crucial next step --

i to je ključan sljedeći korak -

"take all the money we used to spend on cutting addicts off,

"uzmite sav novac koji smo trošili na uskraćivanje stvari ovisnicima,

on disconnecting them,

na isključivanje

and spend it instead on reconnecting them with society."

i potrošite ih na to da ih povežete s društvom."

And that's not really what we think of as drug treatment

To nije nešto što pada na pamet kad govorimo o liječenju ovisnosti

in the United States and Britain.

nama u SAD-u i Britaniji.

So they do do residential rehab,

Rade stambenu rehabilitiaciju,

they do psychological therapy, that does have some value.

rade i psihološku terapiju, to ima određenu vrijednost.

But the biggest thing they did was the complete opposite of what we do:

Najvažnija stvar koju rade jest čista suprotnost našim postupcima:

a massive program of job creation for addicts,

masivni program kreiranja poslova za ovisnike

and microloans for addicts to set up small businesses.

i mikro-krediti za ov isnike da osnuju mala poduzeća.

So say you used to be a mechanic.

Npr. bili ste mehaničar.

When you're ready, they'll go to a garage, and they'll say,

Kad budete spremni, otići će u garažu i reći:

if you employ this guy for a year, we'll pay half his wages.

zaposlite li ga na godinu dana. mi ćemo mu pokriti pola plaće.

The goal was to make sure that every addict in Portugal

Cilj je bio osigurati da svaki ovisnik u Portugalu

had something to get out of bed for in the morning.

ima razlog za ustati iz kreveta.

And when I went and met the addicts in Portugal,

Kada samo otišao upoznati ovisnike u Portugalu,

what they said is, as they rediscovered purpose,

rekli su da su ponovnim otkrivanjem smisla

they rediscovered bonds and relationships with the wider society.

ponovno otkrili i veze i odnose sa širim društvom.

It'll be 15 years this year since that experiment began,

Ove godine je 15. godišnjica od početka eksperimenta

and the results are in:

i ovo su rezultati:

injecting drug use is down in Portugal,

zlouporaba droga u Portugalu je u padu,

according to the British Journal of Criminology,

prema Britanskom kriminološkom dnevniku,

by 50 percent, five-zero percent.

za 50% - pedeset posto.

Overdose is massively down, HIV is massively down among addicts.

Predoziranje je u drastičnom padu, kao i zaraženost HIV-om među ovisnicima.

Addiction in every study is significantly down.

Prema svim istraživanjima ovisnost je značajno opala.

One of the ways you know it's worked so well is that almost nobody in Portugal

Jedan od pokazatelja uspješnosti je taj što gotovo nitko u Portugalu

wants to go back to the old system.

ne želi natrag na stari sustav.

Now, that's the political implications.

To su političke implikacije.

I actually think there's a layer of implications

Zapravo, ima cijeli sloj implikacija

to all this research below that.

ovih istraživanja ispod ovoga.

We live in a culture where people feel really increasingly vulnerable

Živimo u kulturi u kojoj su ljudi sve više ranjivi

to all sorts of addictions, whether it's to their smartphones

na različite oblike ovisnosti, bilo o ovisnosti o mobitelima

or to shopping or to eating.

ili o šopingu ili o hrani.

Before these talks began -- you guys know this --

Prije početka konferencije - i svi vi to znate -

we were told we weren't allowed to have our smartphones on,

rečeno nam je da ne smijemo imati uključene mobitele

and I have to say, a lot of you looked an awful lot like

i mogu vam reći da je dosta vas izgledalo

addicts who were told their dealer was going to be unavailable

kao ovisnici kojima je rečeno da će im diler biti nedostupan

for the next couple of hours. (Laughter)

sljedećih nekoliko sati. (Smijeh)

A lot of us feel like that, and it might sound weird to say,

Puno se nas tako osjeća, a možda je i čudno za reći.

I've been talking about how disconnection is a major driver of addiction

Pričao sam vam kako je odcjepljenost glavni uzrok ovisnosti

and weird to say it's growing,

koji je iznenađujuće u porastu

because you think we're the most connected society that's ever been, surely.

jer vjerojatno mislite da smo najpovezanije društvo u povijesti.

But I increasingly began to think that the connections we have

No ja počinjem misliti da su sve povezanosti koje imamo,

or think we have, are like a kind of parody of human connection.

ili mislimo da imamo, svojevrsna parodija ljudske povezanosti.

If you have a crisis in your life, you'll notice something.

Ako doživite neku krizu, primijetit ćete nešto.

It won't be your Twitter followers who come to sit with you.

Neće vaši sljedbenici na Twitteru doći i tješiti vas

It won't be your Facebook friends who help you turn it round.

niti će to biti vaši prijatelji na Facebooku.

It'll be your flesh and blood friends who you have deep and nuanced

Bit će to vaši prijatelji od krvi i mesa s kojima imate duboke,

and textured, face-to-face relationships with,

slojevite odnose licem u lice.

and there's a study I learned about from Bill McKibben, the environmental writer,

O jednom sam istraživanju naučio od Billa McKibbena, pisca o okolišu,

that I think tells us a lot about this.

koji nam puno govori o ovome.

It looked at the number of close friends the average American believes

Promatrao je na koliko bliskih prijatelja prosječni Amerikanac vjeruje

they can call on in a crisis.

da može računati u nevolji.

That number has been declining steadily since the 1950s.

Taj se broj sve više smanjuje od 1950-ih.

The amount of floor space an individual has in their home

Kvadratura stanova i kuća

has been steadily increasing,

sve se više povećava.

and I think that's like a metaphor

Po meni je to svojevrsna metafora

for the choice we've made as a culture.

o odluci koju smo donijeli kao kultura.

We've traded floorspace for friends, we've traded stuff for connections,

Prijatelje smo zamijenili kvadraturom, veze smo zamijenili stvarima,

and the result is we are one of the loneliest societies there has ever been.

zbog čega smo jedno od najusamljenijih društava u povijesti.

And Bruce Alexander, the guy who did the Rat Park experiment, says,

Bruce Alexander, voditelj eksperimenta sa štakorima,

we talk all the time in addiction about individual recovery,

tvrdi da kod ovisnosti uvijek govorimo o osobnom oporavku,

and it's right to talk about that,

što je u redu,

but we need to talk much more about social recovery.

ali više bismo trebali govoriti o društvenom oporavku.

Something's gone wrong with us, not just with individuals but as a group,

S nama je nešto pošlo krivo i kao s pojedincima i kao s grupom

and we've created a society where, for a lot of us,

te smo stvorili društvo u kojem većina

life looks a whole lot more like that isolated cage

na život gleda kao na izolirani kavez,

and a whole lot less like Rat Park.

a ne kao na park za štakore.

If I'm honest, this isn't why I went into it.

Iskreno, nisam se zbog toga upustio u ovo.

I didn't go in to the discover the political stuff, the social stuff.

Nisam krenuo u potragu za političkim i društvenim otkrićima,

I wanted to know how to help the people I love.

već sam htio pomoći svojim voljenima.

And when I came back from this long journey and I'd learned all this,

Kad sam se vratio s tog puta sa svim tim znanjem,

I looked at the addicts in my life,

sagledao sam ovisnike u mojem životu.

and if you're really candid, it's hard loving an addict,

Ako ćemo biti iskreni, teško je voljeti ovisnika,

and there's going to be lots of people who know in this room.

to zna i mnogo ljudi u ovoj prostoriji.

You are angry a lot of the time,

Često ste ljuti

and I think one of the reasons why this debate is so charged

i mislim da je jedan od razloga zašto je ova rasprava toliko nabijena

is because it runs through the heart of each of us, right?

zato što pogađa svakoga od nas, zar ne?

Everyone has a bit of them that looks at an addict and thinks,

Svatko ima djelić u sebi koji promatra ovisnika i misli si:

I wish someone would just stop you.

"Kad bi te barem netko zaustavio."

And the kind of scripts we're told for how to deal with the addicts in our lives

Savjeti koji nam se daju za pomoć ovisnicima u našim životima

is typified by, I think,

tipizirani su

the reality show "Intervention," if you guys have ever seen it.

prema reality- emisiji "Intervencija", ako ste je ikad gledali.

I think everything in our lives is defined by reality TV,

Mislim da su naši životi definirani reality televizijom,

but that's another TED Talk.

ali to je već jedna druga tema.

If you've ever seen the show "Intervention,"

Emisija "Intervencija"

it's a pretty simple premise.

ima jednostavnu premisu.

Get an addict, all the people in their life, gather them together,

Nađete ovisnika, ljude iz njegova života i sve ih okupite,

confront them with what they're doing, and they say, if you don't shape up,

ovisnika suočite s njegovim postupcima i kažu: "ako se ne središ,

we're going to cut you off.

izolirat ćemo te."

So what they do is they take the connection to the addict,

Dakle, ovisniku

and they threaten it, they make it contingent

prijete oduzimanjem veza

on the addict behaving the way they want.

ako se ne bude ponašao kako oni žele.

And I began to think, I began to see why that approach doesn't work,

Počeo sam uviđati zašto takav pristup ne funkcionira,

and I began to think that's almost like the importing of the logic of the Drug War

a to je zato što pomalo nalikuje primjeni rata drogama

into our private lives.

na naše privatne živote.

So I was thinking, how could I be Portuguese?

Počeo sam razmišljati, kako bih mogao biti Portugalac?

And what I've tried to do now, and I can't tell you I do it consistently

Ono što sada pokušavam raditi i što konstantno radim

and I can't tell you it's easy,

i što je prilično jednostavno

is to say to the addicts in my life

jest to da ovisnicima u svom životu govorim

that I want to deepen the connection with them,

da želim produbiti povezanost s njima.

to say to them, I love you whether you're using or you're not.

Govorim im da ih volim bez obzira na to koriste li droge ili ne.

I love you, whatever state you're in,

Govorim im da ih volim bez obzira na to u kakvom su stanju

and if you need me, I'll come and sit with you

i da ako me trebaju, doći ću i bit ću s njima

because I love you and I don't want you to be alone

jer ih volim i ne želim da budu sami

or to feel alone.

ili da se osjećaju usamljeno.

And I think the core of that message --

Sama osnova te poruke -

you're not alone, we love you --

nisi sam, volimo te -

has to be at every level of how we respond to addicts,

mora postojati na svakoj razini naše reakcije na ovisnike,

socially, politically and individually.

socijalnoj, političkoj i individualnoj.

For 100 years now, we've been singing war songs about addicts.

Već sto godina ovisnicima pjevamo o ratu,

I think all along we should have been singing love songs to them,

a mislim da smo im trebali pjevati o ljubavi

because the opposite of addiction is not sobriety.

jer suprotnost ovisnosti nije trijeznost.

The opposite of addiction is connection.

Suprotnost ovisnosti jest povezanost.

Thank you.

Hvala vam.

(Applause)

(Pljesak)