Captain Charles Moore on the seas of plastic

Prevodilac: Ivana Korom Lektor: Stevan Radanovic

Let's talk trash.

Pričajmo prljavo (o smeću, igra reči).

You know, we had to be taught

Znate, morali smo da naučimo

to renounce the powerful conservation ethic

da se odreknemo moćne etike očuvanja

we developed during the Great Depression and World War II.

koju smo razvili tokom Velike Depresije i Drugog svetskog rata.

After the war, we needed to direct our enormous production capacity

Posle rata, trebalo je da usmerimo svoj ogromni kapacitet proizvodnje

toward creation of products for peacetime.

ka stvaranju proizvoda za period mira.

Life Magazine helped in this effort

"Life Magazine" je pomogao u tom naporu

by announcing the introduction of throwaways

najavljujući uvođenje potrošnih stvari

that would liberate the housewife from the drudgery of doing dishes.

koje bi oslobodile domaćicu od gnjavaže pranja sudova.

Mental note to the liberators:

Mentalna poruka oslobodiocima:

throwaway plastics take a lot of space and don't biodegrade.

plastika za jednu upotrebu zauzima mnogo mesta i nije biorazgradiva.

Only we humans make waste that nature can't digest.

Samo ljudi proizvode otpad koji priroda ne može da svari.

Plastics are also hard to recycle.

Plastiku je jako teško reciklirati.

A teacher told me how to express the under-five-percent

Jedan nastavnik mi je rekao kako da predstavim manje od 5%

of plastics recovered in our waste stream.

plastike koja je izvađena iz naših odvoda.

It's diddly-point-squat.

To je ništa-zarez-ništa.

That's the percentage we recycle.

To je procenat koji recikliramo.

Now, melting point has a lot to do with this.

E sad, tačka topljenja ima mnogo veze s ovim.

Plastic is not purified by the re-melting process like glass and metal.

Plastika se ne prečišćava ponovnim topljenjem kao staklo i metal.

It begins to melt below the boiling point of water

Počinje da se topi ispod tačke na kojoj voda ključa

and does not drive off the oily contaminants

i ne odstranjuje uljne zagađivače

for which it is a sponge.

koje upija kao sunđer.

Half of each year's 100 billion pounds of thermal plastic pellets

Polovina od godišnjih 100 milijardi loptica termalne plastike

will be made into fast-track trash.

pretvoriće se u brzinsko smeće.

A large, unruly fraction of our trash

Veliki, nesavladivi deo našeg smeća

will flow downriver to the sea.

će rekama otploviti u more.

Here is the accumulation at Biona Creek next to the L.A. airport.

Ovo je taloženje kod Biona zaliva pored aerodroma.

And here is the flotsam near California State University Long Beach

A evo i krša u blizini kalifornijskog univerziteta u Long Biču

and the diesel plant we visited yesterday.

i postrojenja za desalinizaciju koje smo posetili juče.

In spite of deposit fees,

Uprkos provizijama,

much of this trash leading out to the sea will be plastic beverage bottles.

većina ovog smeća koje pliva u more biće plastične flaše.

We use two million of them in the United States every five minutes,

U Sjedinjenim Državama ih potrošimo dva miliona svakih pet minuta,

here imaged by TED presenter Chris Jordan,

kako je ovde predstavio Kris Džordan,

who artfully documents mass consumption and zooms in for more detail.

koji je divno zabeležio masovnu potrošnju i prikazao više detalja.

Here is a remote island repository for bottles

Ovo je skladište za flaše na udaljenom ostrvu,

off the coast of Baja California.

nedaleko od obale Bahe, Kalifornija.

Isla San Roque is an uninhabited bird rookery

Ostrvo San Rok je nenaseljeno gnezdilište ptica

off Baja's sparsely populated central coast.

udaljeno od retko naseljene centralne obale Bahe.

Notice that the bottles here have caps on them.

Primetite da ovde flaše imaju zatvarače.

Bottles made of polyethylene terephthalate, PET,

Flaše od polietilenskog tereftalata, PET-a,

will sink in seawater and not make it this far from civilization.

potonuće u morsku vodu i neće dospeti ovako daleko od civilizacije.

Also, the caps are produced in separate factories

Takođe, čepovi se prave u odvojenim fabrikama,

from a different plastic, polypropylene.

od drugačije plastike, polipropilena.

They will float in seawater,

Oni će plutati u morskoj vodi,

but unfortunately do not get recycled under the bottle bills.

ali nažalost neće se reciklirati po zakonu o flašama.

Let's trace the journey of the millions of caps

Hajde da ispratimo put miliona čepova

that make it to sea solo.

koji sami dospeju u more.

After a year the ones from Japan are heading straight across the Pacific,

Posle godinu dana, oni iz Japana idu pravo preko Tihog okeana,

while ours get caught in the California current

dok su naši uhvaćeni u kalifornijskoj struji

and first head down to the latitude of Cabo San Lucas.

i prvo idu do Kabo San Lukasa.

After ten years, a lot of the Japanese caps

Posle deset godina, veliki broj japanskih čepova

are in what we call the Eastern Garbage Patch,

nalazi se u onome što zovemo Istočna Mrlja Smeća,

while ours litter the Philippines.

dok naši zagađuju Filipine.

After 20 years, we see emerging the debris accumulation zone

Posle 20 godina vidimo nastajanje zone gomilanja smeća

of the North Pacific Gyre.

u severnopacifičkoj struji.

It so happens that millions of albatross

Milioni albatrosa

nesting on Kure and Midway atolls

koji se gnezde na kurskim i Midvej ostrvima

in the Northwest Hawaiian Islands National Monument

u nacionalnom parku Severozapadnih havajskih ostrva,

forage here and scavenge whatever they can find

ovde tragaju i kopaju za bilo čime

for regurgitation to their chicks.

čime mogu nahraniti svoje mladunce.

A four-month old Laysan Albatross chick

Četvoromosečno mladunče albatrosa

died with this in its stomach.

je uginulo sa ovim u stomaku.

Hundreds of thousands of the goose-sized chicks are dying

Stotine hiljada mladunaca veličine patke umiru

with stomachs full of bottle caps and other rubbish,

sa stomacima punim čepova od flaša i drugog đubreta

like cigarette lighters ...

kao što su upaljači...

but, mostly bottle caps.

Ali uglavnom čepovi od flaša.

Sadly, their parents mistake bottle caps for food

Na žalost, njihovi roditelji misle da su čepovi

tossing about in the ocean surface.

hrana koja pliva po površini okeana.

The retainer rings for the caps

Obruči za čepove

also have consequences for aquatic animals.

takođe ostavljaju posledice na vodene životinje.

This is Mae West,

Ovo je Me Vest,

still alive at a zookeeper's home in New Orleans.

još uvek živa u čuvarevoj kući u Nju Orleansu.

I wanted to see what my home town of Long Beach was contributing to the problem,

Želeo sam da vidim kako moj rodni grad doprinosi ovom problemu,

so on Coastal Clean-Up Day in 2005

pa sam na Dan Čišćenja Obale 2005.

I went to the Long Beach Peninsula, at the east end of our long beach.

otišao do poluostrva Long Bič na istočnom kraju naše dugačke plaže.

We cleaned up the swaths of beach shown.

Očistili smo otkos ove plaže.

I offered five cents each for bottle caps.

Ponudio sam po pet centi za svaki čep od flaše.

I got plenty of takers.

Dosta ljudi je došlo.

Here are the 1,100 bottle caps they collected.

Ovde je 1100 čepova koji su sakupljeni.

I thought I would spend 20 bucks.

Mislio sam da ću potrošiti 20 dolara.

That day I ended up spending nearly 60.

Tog dana sam potrošio skoro 60.

I separated them by color

Odvojio sam ih po boji

and put them on display the next Earth Day

i izložio sledećeg Dana Zemlje

at Cabrillo Marine Aquarium in San Pedro.

u Kabrilo akvarijumu u San Pedro.

Governor Schwarzenegger and his wife Maria stopped by to discuss the display.

Guverner Švarceneger i njegova žena Marija su zastali da prokomentarišu izloženo.

In spite of my "girly man" hat, crocheted from plastic shopping bags,

Uprkos mom ženskastom šeširu, sklepanom od plastičnih kesa,

they shook my hand. (Laughter)

rukovali su se sa mnom.

I showed him and Maria a zooplankton trawl

Pokazao sam njemu i Mariji ulov zooplanktona

from the gyre north of Hawaii

iz struje severno od Havaja,

with more plastic than plankton.

u kojoj je bilo više plastike nego planktona.

Here's what our trawl samples from the plastic soup our ocean has become look like.

Evo kako izgledaju naši uzorci iz plastične supe u koju se pretvorio naš okean.

Trawling a zooplankton net on the surface for a mile

Površinskim lovom mrežom za zooplankton u toku

produces samples like this.

jedne milje, dobijate ovakve uzorke.

And this.

I ovo.

Now, when the debris washes up on the beaches of Hawaii

Sad, kad se smeće nasuče na plaže Havaja

it looks like this.

onda to izgleda ovako.

And this particular beach is Kailua Beach,

Ova plaža je Kailua plaža,

the beach where our president and his family vacationed before moving to Washington.

plaža na kojoj se naš predsednik odmarao sa svojom porodicom pre nego što se preselio u Vašington.

Now, how do we analyze samples like this one

Kako analiziramo ovakve uzorke,

that contain more plastic than plankton?

u kojima ima više plastike nego planktona?

We sort the plastic fragments into different size classes,

Podelimo deliće plastike u klase različitih veličina

from five millimeters to one-third of a millimeter.

od 5mm do jedne trećine milimetra.

Small bits of plastic concentrate persistent organic pollutants

Mali delovi plastike sadrže postojane organske zagađivače

up to a million times their levels in the surrounding seawater.

u nivoima koji su milionima puta veći nego u okolnim vodama.

We wanted to see if the most common fish in the deep ocean,

Želeli smo da vidimo da li se obične ribe u dubokom okeanu,

at the base of the food chain,

na dnu lanca ishrane,

was ingesting these poison pills.

hrane ovim otrovnim pilulama.

We did hundreds of necropsies,

Uradili smo na stotine nekropsija,

and over a third had polluted plastic fragments in their stomachs.

i preko trećine je imalo zagađene delove plastike u svojim stomacima.

The record-holder, only two-and-a-half inches long,

Nosilac rekorda, koji je dug samo oko 6 cm,

had 84 pieces in its tiny stomach.

imao je 84 komadića u svom majušnom stomaku.

Now, you can buy certified organic produce.

E sad, možete kupiti sertifikovane organske proizvode.

But no fishmonger on Earth

Ali nema uzgajivača ribe na svetu

can sell you a certified organic wild-caught fish.

koji vam može prodati sertifikovanu ribu koja je ulovljena u divljini.

This is the legacy we are leaving to future generations.

Ovo je nasleđe koje ostavljamo budućim generacijama.

The throwaway society cannot be contained --

Potrošačko društvo ne može da se zadrži,

it has gone global.

postalo je globalno.

We simply cannot store and maintain or recycle all our stuff.

Jednostavno ne možemo da čuvamo i održavamo ili recikliramo sve.

We have to throw it away.

Moramo nešto baciti.

Now, the market can do a lot for us,

Sad, tržište može mnogo da učini za nas,

but it can't fix the natural system in the ocean we've broken.

ali ne može da popravi prirodni sistem okeana koji smo uništili.

All the king's horses and all the king's men ...

Svi kraljevi konji i svi kraljevi ljudi...

will never gather up all the plastic and put the ocean back together again.

nikada neće sakupiti svu plastiku i ponovo sastaviti okean.

Narrator (Video): The levels are increasing,

Video: Nivoi se povećavaju,

the amount of packaging is increasing,

količina pakovanja se povećava,

the "throwaway" concept of living is proliferating,

koncept odbacivanja se širi,

and it's showing up in the ocean.

i to se vidi u okeanu.

Anchor: He offers no hope of cleaning it up.

Reporter: On ne daje nadu da će se to očistiti.

Straining the ocean for plastic

Traganje za plastikom u okeanu

would be beyond the budget of any country

bilo bi izvan budžeta svake države

and it might kill untold amounts of sea life in the process.

i moglo bi ubiti nezamislive količine morskog života u procesu.

The solution, Moore says, is to stop the plastic at its source:

Rešenje, po Muru, je zaustaviti plastiku na njenom izvoru:

stop it on land before it falls in the ocean.

zaustaviti je na kopnu pre nego što dospe u okean.

And in a plastic-wrapped and packaged world,

I u svetu koji je upakovan u plastiku,

he doesn't hold out much hope for that, either.

on se ni tome ne nada mnogo.

This is Brian Rooney for Nightline,

Ja sam Brajan Runi za "Nightline",

in Long Beach, California.

iz Long Biča, Kalifornija.

Charles Moore: Thank you.

Čarls Mur: Hvala vam.