Captain Charles Moore on the seas of plastic

219,872 views ・ 2009-02-25

TED


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Prevoditelj: Davorin Jelačić Recezent: Tilen Pigac - EFZG
00:12
Let's talk trash.
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Govorimo o smeću.
00:14
You know, we had to be taught
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Znate, morali smo naučiti
00:17
to renounce the powerful conservation ethic
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odbaciti snažnu konzervacijsku etiku
00:20
we developed during the Great Depression and World War II.
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koju smo razvili tijekom Velike krize i 2. svjetskog rata.
00:23
After the war, we needed to direct our enormous production capacity
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Nakon rata, morali smo usmjeriti naše ogromne proizvodne kapacitete
00:26
toward creation of products for peacetime.
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u proizvodnju mirnodopskih proizvoda.
00:29
Life Magazine helped in this effort
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Časopis Life je pomogao ovom nastojanju
00:32
by announcing the introduction of throwaways
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najavljujući uvođenje potrošnih dobara
00:35
that would liberate the housewife from the drudgery of doing dishes.
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koje će osloboditi kućanice od monotonije pranja posuđa.
00:38
Mental note to the liberators:
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Podsjetnik za osloboditelje:
00:40
throwaway plastics take a lot of space and don't biodegrade.
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potrošna plastika zauzima puno mjesta i ne razgrađuje se.
00:43
Only we humans make waste that nature can't digest.
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Samo mi ljudi stvaramo otpad koji priroda ne može probaviti.
00:48
Plastics are also hard to recycle.
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Plastiku je teško i reciklirati.
00:51
A teacher told me how to express the under-five-percent
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Jedan učitelj me naučio izrazu za tih manje od pet posto
00:54
of plastics recovered in our waste stream.
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plastike koju recikliramo iz otpada.
00:57
It's diddly-point-squat.
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Tričarija.
01:00
That's the percentage we recycle.
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To je postotak koji recikliramo.
01:06
Now, melting point has a lot to do with this.
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Točka taljenja je uvelike zaslužna za to.
01:09
Plastic is not purified by the re-melting process like glass and metal.
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Plastika se ne pročišćava postupkom ponovnog taljenja poput stakla ili metala.
01:12
It begins to melt below the boiling point of water
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Počinje se topiti ispod temperature ključanja vode
01:15
and does not drive off the oily contaminants
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i ne oslobađa se naftnih zagađivača
01:18
for which it is a sponge.
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kojima je kao spužva.
01:21
Half of each year's 100 billion pounds of thermal plastic pellets
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Svake godine pola od 100 milijardi jedinica kuglica termalne plastike
01:24
will be made into fast-track trash.
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postaje brzotračni otpad.
01:27
A large, unruly fraction of our trash
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Veliki, neukrotivi dio našeg otpada
01:30
will flow downriver to the sea.
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otplovit će rijekama u more.
01:33
Here is the accumulation at Biona Creek next to the L.A. airport.
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Evo akumulacije na Biona Creeku u blizini zračne luke.
01:36
And here is the flotsam near California State University Long Beach
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Ovdje je plutajuća olupina blizu kalifornijskog državnog sveučilišta u Long Beachu
01:41
and the diesel plant we visited yesterday.
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i postrojenje za desalinizaciju koje smo jučer posjetili.
01:43
In spite of deposit fees,
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Usprkos kaucijama,
01:45
much of this trash leading out to the sea will be plastic beverage bottles.
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velik dio smeća na putu prema moru su plastične boce napitaka.
01:48
We use two million of them in the United States every five minutes,
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Upotrijebimo ih dva milijuna svakih pet minuta u Sjedinjenim Državama,
01:52
here imaged by TED presenter Chris Jordan,
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kako je ovdje prikazao TED-ov predavač Chris Jordan
01:55
who artfully documents mass consumption and zooms in for more detail.
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koji je vješto dokumentirao masovnu potrošnju i približio nam detalje.
02:01
Here is a remote island repository for bottles
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Ovo je odlagalište za boce na udaljenom otoku
02:05
off the coast of Baja California.
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podalje od obale Baja California.
02:08
Isla San Roque is an uninhabited bird rookery
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Isla San Roque je nenaseljeno gnijezdište ptica
02:10
off Baja's sparsely populated central coast.
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uz rijetko naseljenu središnju obalu Baje.
02:12
Notice that the bottles here have caps on them.
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Primijetite da boce imaju čepove.
02:15
Bottles made of polyethylene terephthalate, PET,
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Boce načinjene od polietilenskog tereftalata, PET-a,
02:19
will sink in seawater and not make it this far from civilization.
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potonut će u morskoj vodi i neće nikamo dospjeti ovako daleko od civilizacije.
02:22
Also, the caps are produced in separate factories
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Čepovi se rade u drugim tvornicama
02:25
from a different plastic, polypropylene.
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od druge vrste plastike, polipropilena.
02:28
They will float in seawater,
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Plutaju u morskoj vodi,
02:30
but unfortunately do not get recycled under the bottle bills.
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ali, nažalost, zakon o bocama ne traži njihovu reciklažu.
02:34
Let's trace the journey of the millions of caps
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Hajdemo pratiti putovanje milijuna čepova
02:37
that make it to sea solo.
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koji dođu do mora.
02:39
After a year the ones from Japan are heading straight across the Pacific,
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Nakon godinu dana, čepovi iz Japana putuju ravno preko Pacifika,
02:42
while ours get caught in the California current
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dok su naši uhvaćeni u kalifornijskoj struji
02:45
and first head down to the latitude of Cabo San Lucas.
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i prvo idu prema zemljopisnoj širini Cabo San Lucasa.
02:48
After ten years, a lot of the Japanese caps
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Nakon deset godina, mnogo japanskih čepova
02:51
are in what we call the Eastern Garbage Patch,
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nalazi se u onom što zovemo Istočna smetlišna zona,
02:53
while ours litter the Philippines.
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dok naši čepovi zagađuju Filipine.
02:55
After 20 years, we see emerging the debris accumulation zone
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Nakon 20 godina, pojavljuje se zona akumulacije otpada
02:58
of the North Pacific Gyre.
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kod sjevernopacifičkog vrtloga struja.
03:01
It so happens that millions of albatross
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No, milijuni albatrosa
03:03
nesting on Kure and Midway atolls
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koji se gnijezde na atolima Kure i Midway,
03:05
in the Northwest Hawaiian Islands National Monument
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dijelu nacionalnog spomenika Sjeverozapadni havajski otoci,
03:08
forage here and scavenge whatever they can find
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ovdje traže hranu i skupljaju sve što nađu
03:11
for regurgitation to their chicks.
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kako bi to probavili za svoje mladunce.
03:13
A four-month old Laysan Albatross chick
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Ptić lajsanskog albatrosa
03:16
died with this in its stomach.
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uginuo je s ovim u trbuhu.
03:19
Hundreds of thousands of the goose-sized chicks are dying
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Stotine tisuća ptića veličine guske ugibaju
03:24
with stomachs full of bottle caps and other rubbish,
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sa stomacima punim plastičnih čepova i drugog smeća
03:27
like cigarette lighters ...
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poput upaljača ...
03:30
but, mostly bottle caps.
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Ali najviše čepova.
03:33
Sadly, their parents mistake bottle caps for food
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Žalosno, njihovi roditelji za čepove misle da su hrana
03:36
tossing about in the ocean surface.
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koja pluta na površini oceana.
03:39
The retainer rings for the caps
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Plastični podlošci čepova
03:41
also have consequences for aquatic animals.
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također izazivaju posljedice za vodene životinje.
03:44
This is Mae West,
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Ovo je Mae West,
03:46
still alive at a zookeeper's home in New Orleans.
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još na životu u domu vlasnika zoološkog vrta u New Orleansu.
03:49
I wanted to see what my home town of Long Beach was contributing to the problem,
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Želio sam vidjeti kako moj grad Long Beach doprinosi problemu,
03:53
so on Coastal Clean-Up Day in 2005
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pa sam na Dan čišćenja obale 2005.
03:56
I went to the Long Beach Peninsula, at the east end of our long beach.
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otišao na poluotok Long Beach na istočnom kraju naše duge plaže.
03:59
We cleaned up the swaths of beach shown.
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Očistili smo prikazane dijelove plaže.
04:02
I offered five cents each for bottle caps.
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Ponudio sam pet centi za svaki čep.
04:05
I got plenty of takers.
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Mnogi su se prijavili.
04:07
Here are the 1,100 bottle caps they collected.
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Ovo je 1.100 prikupljenih čepova.
04:10
I thought I would spend 20 bucks.
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Pomislio sam da ću potrošiti 20 dolara.
04:13
That day I ended up spending nearly 60.
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Ali dan sam završio s troškom od gotovo 60.
04:16
I separated them by color
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Razvrstao sam ih po boji
04:18
and put them on display the next Earth Day
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i izložio ih na sljedećem Danu planete Zemlje
04:20
at Cabrillo Marine Aquarium in San Pedro.
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u morskom akvatoriju Cabrillo u San Pedru.
04:22
Governor Schwarzenegger and his wife Maria stopped by to discuss the display.
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Guverner Schwarzenegger i njegova supruga Maria su se zaustavili i prokomentirali izložak.
04:26
In spite of my "girly man" hat, crocheted from plastic shopping bags,
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Usprkos mojoj „djevojačkoj“ kapi napravljenoj od plastičnih vrećica,
04:29
they shook my hand. (Laughter)
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rukovali su se sa mnom.
04:33
I showed him and Maria a zooplankton trawl
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Pokazao sam njemu i Mariji mrežu za zooplanktone
04:36
from the gyre north of Hawaii
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sa strujnog vrtloga sjeverno od Havaja
04:39
with more plastic than plankton.
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koja je sadržavala više plastike nego planktona.
04:41
Here's what our trawl samples from the plastic soup our ocean has become look like.
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Evo kako izgledaju uzorci iz mreže prikupljeni u plastičnoj juhi kakav je postao naš ocean.
04:46
Trawling a zooplankton net on the surface for a mile
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Hvatajući mrežom zooplanktone na površini dugoj jednu milju
04:49
produces samples like this.
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daje nam ovakav uzorak.
04:52
And this.
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I ovakav.
04:55
Now, when the debris washes up on the beaches of Hawaii
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Kad se otpad naplavi na havajske plaže
04:58
it looks like this.
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izgleda ovako.
05:00
And this particular beach is Kailua Beach,
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Ovo je plaža Kailua,
05:02
the beach where our president and his family vacationed before moving to Washington.
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plaža na kojoj je odmor proveo naš predsjednik s obitelji prije nego što je preselio u Washington.
05:05
Now, how do we analyze samples like this one
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Sada, kako analizirati uzorke poput ovoga
05:08
that contain more plastic than plankton?
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koji sadrže više plastike nego planktona?
05:11
We sort the plastic fragments into different size classes,
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Razvrstavamo komadiće plastike u klase po veličini
05:14
from five millimeters to one-third of a millimeter.
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od pet milimetara do jedne trećine milimetra.
05:17
Small bits of plastic concentrate persistent organic pollutants
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Komadići plastike koncentriraju otporne organske zagađivače
05:21
up to a million times their levels in the surrounding seawater.
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i do milijun puta više od njihovih koncentracija u obližnjoj vodi.
05:25
We wanted to see if the most common fish in the deep ocean,
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Željeli smo vidjeti da li najčešća riba u dubokom oceanu,
05:28
at the base of the food chain,
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ona na dnu hranidbenog lanca,
05:30
was ingesting these poison pills.
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guta te otrovne pilule.
05:32
We did hundreds of necropsies,
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Napravili smo stotine nekropsija,
05:35
and over a third had polluted plastic fragments in their stomachs.
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i preko trećine je imalo zagađene plastične fragmente u utrobi.
05:38
The record-holder, only two-and-a-half inches long,
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Rekorder, dug tek nešto preko šest centimetara,
05:41
had 84 pieces in its tiny stomach.
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imao je 84 komadića u svom malom stomaku.
05:44
Now, you can buy certified organic produce.
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Vi možete kupiti organsku hranu s certifikatom.
05:47
But no fishmonger on Earth
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Ali nema tog ribolovca na Zemlji
05:50
can sell you a certified organic wild-caught fish.
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koji vam može prodati ribu ulovljenu u prirodi s certifikatom da je organska.
05:55
This is the legacy we are leaving to future generations.
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To je baština koju ostavljamo narednim naraštajima.
06:00
The throwaway society cannot be contained --
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Društvo bacanja ne može se ograničiti,
06:03
it has gone global.
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postalo je globalno.
06:06
We simply cannot store and maintain or recycle all our stuff.
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Jednostavno ne možemo uskladištiti ili održavati ili reciklirati sve što koristimo.
06:09
We have to throw it away.
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Moramo to bacati.
06:11
Now, the market can do a lot for us,
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Tržište može učiniti puno,
06:14
but it can't fix the natural system in the ocean we've broken.
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ali ne može popraviti uništen prirodni sustav oceana.
06:17
All the king's horses and all the king's men ...
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Svi kraljevi konji i svi kraljevi ljudi ...
06:20
will never gather up all the plastic and put the ocean back together again.
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nikada više neće skupiti svu plastiku i vratiti ocean u staro stanje.
06:26
Narrator (Video): The levels are increasing,
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Video: Razine rastu,
06:28
the amount of packaging is increasing,
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količina ambalaže se povećava,
06:30
the "throwaway" concept of living is proliferating,
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rasipnički koncept življenja buja,
06:33
and it's showing up in the ocean.
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i pojavljuje se u oceanu.
06:36
Anchor: He offers no hope of cleaning it up.
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Voditelj: On ne nudi nadu da ćemo to počistiti.
06:39
Straining the ocean for plastic
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Čišćenje oceana od plastike
06:42
would be beyond the budget of any country
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premašilo bi proračun bilo koje zemlje,
06:45
and it might kill untold amounts of sea life in the process.
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a sam proces bi mogao uništiti neizrecivo puno morskog života.
06:48
The solution, Moore says, is to stop the plastic at its source:
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Rješenje je, kaže Moore, u tome da zaustavimo plastiku na izvoru:
06:51
stop it on land before it falls in the ocean.
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moramo je zaustaviti na kopnu prije nego što padne u ocean.
06:58
And in a plastic-wrapped and packaged world,
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A u svijetu omotanom i upakiranom u plastiku,
07:01
he doesn't hold out much hope for that, either.
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on ni u to ne polaže puno nade.
07:04
This is Brian Rooney for Nightline,
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Ovo je Brian Rooney za emisiju Nightline,
07:06
in Long Beach, California.
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u Long Beachu u Kaliforniji.
07:12
Charles Moore: Thank you.
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Charles Moore: Hvala vam.
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