What Islam really says about women | Alaa Murabit

Prevodilac: Ivana Krivokuća Lektor: Ivana Korom

So on my way here,

Na putu ovamo,

the passenger next to me and I had a very interesting conversation

putnik pored mene i ja smo vodili vrlo zanimljiv razgovor

during my flight.

za vreme mog leta.

He told me, "It seems like the United States has run out of jobs,

Rekao mi je: "Izgleda da su SAD ostale bez poslova,

because they're just making some up:

jer samo izmišljaju nove:

cat psychologist, dog whisperer, tornado chaser."

psiholog za mačke, terapeut za pse, lovac na tornado."

A couple of seconds later, he asked me,

Par sekundi kasnije, upitao me je:

"So what do you do?"

"A čime se vi bavite?"

And I was like, "Peacebuilder?"

Odgovorila sam: "Borac za izgradnju mira?"

(Laughter)

(Smeh)

Every day, I work to amplify the voices of women

Svakog dana, ja radim na pojačanju ženskih glasova

and to highlight their experiences

i naglašavanju njihovih iskustava

and their participation in peace processes and conflict resolution,

i njihovog učešća u mirovnim procesima i rešavanju konflikata,

and because of my work,

i zbog mog posla,

I recognize that the only way to ensure the full participation of women globally

prepoznajem da je jedini način da se osigura puno učešće žena u svetu

is by reclaiming religion.

povratak religiji.

Now, this matter is vitally important to me.

Ovo pitanje je od vitalnog značaja za mene.

As a young Muslim woman, I am very proud of my faith.

Kao mlada muslimanka, veoma sam ponosna na svoju veru.

It gives me the strength and conviction to do my work every day.

Daje mi snagu i uverenje da radim svoj posao svakoga dana.

It's the reason I can be here in front of you.

Ona je razlog zbog kojeg mogu da budem ovde pred vama.

But I can't overlook the damage that has been done in the name of religion,

Ali ne mogu da zaobiđem štetu koja je učinjena u ime religije,

not just my own, but all of the world's major faiths.

ne samo moje, već svih većih svetskih religija.

The misrepresentation and misuse and manipulation of religious scripture

Pogrešno tumačenje, zloupotreba i manipulacija verskim spisima

has influenced our social and cultural norms,

uticali su na naše društvene i kulturne norme,

our laws, our daily lives,

naše zakone, naše svakodnevne živote,

to a point where we sometimes don't recognize it.

do te mere da ih ponekad ne prepoznajemo.

My parents moved from Libya, North Africa, to Canada

Moji roditelji su se preselili iz Libije, Severne Afrike, u Kanadu

in the early 1980s,

ranih 1980-ih godina,

and I am the middle child of 11 children.

i ja sam srednje od ukupno 11 dece.

Yes, 11.

Da, 11.

But growing up, I saw my parents,

Ali odrastajući, gledala sam svoje roditelje,

both religiously devout and spiritual people,

koji su verski predani i duhovni ljudi,

pray and praise God for their blessings,

kako se mole i slave boga zbog svojih blagoslova,

namely me of course, but among others. (Laughter)

najviše mene naravno, ali između ostalih. (Smeh)

They were kind and funny and patient,

Bili su nežni i duhoviti i strpljivi,

limitlessly patient, the kind of patience that having 11 kids forces you to have.

neograničeno strpljivi, onakvo strpljenje kakvo vas 11 dece natera da imate.

And they were fair.

I bili su pravedni.

I was never subjected to religion through a cultural lens.

Nikada nisam bila izložena religiji kroz kulturni objektiv.

I was treated the same,

Tretirali su me jednako,

the same was expected of me.

isto su očekivali od mene.

I was never taught that God judged differently based on gender.

Nikada me nisu učili da bog sudi različito na osnovu pola.

And my parents' understanding of God as a merciful and beneficial friend

I shvatanje mojih roditelja o bogu kao milostivom i blagotvornom prijatelju

and provider shaped the way I looked at the world.

i kao onom ko pruža, oblikovalo je način na koji sam posmatrala svet.

Now, of course, my upbringing had additional benefits.

Sad, naravno, moje vaspitanje je imalo dodatne pogodnosti.

Being one of 11 children is Diplomacy 101. (Laughter)

Kao jedno od 11 dece na Uvodu u diplomatiju. (Smeh)

To this day, I am asked where I went to school,

I dan danas me pitaju gde sam išla u školu,

like, "Did you go to Kennedy School of Government?"

pitaju: "Jesi li išla u Kenedijevu školu upravljanja?"

and I look at them and I'm like, "No,

a ja ih pogledam i kažem:

"Ne, išla sam u Murabitovu školu za međunarodne odnose."

I went to the Murabit School of International Affairs."

It's extremely exclusive. You would have to talk to my mom to get in.

Izuzetno je ekskluzivna.

Morali biste da razgovarate sa mojom mamom da bi vas primili.

Lucky for you, she's here.

Srećom po vas, ona je ovde.

But being one of 11 children and having 10 siblings

Ali, kao jedno od 11 dece i imajući 10 braće i sestara,

teaches you a lot about power structures and alliances.

naučite dosta o strukturama moći i savezima.

It teaches you focus; you have to talk fast or say less,

Naučite da se fokusirate; morate da govorite brzo ili kažete manje,

because you will always get cut off.

jer će vas uvek prekinuti.

It teaches you the importance of messaging.

Uči vas važnosti prenošenja poruka.

You have to ask questions in the right way to get the answers you know you want,

Morate da pitate na pravi način da biste dobili odgovore koje želite,

and you have to say no in the right way to keep the peace.

i morate da kažete ne na pravi način da biste sačuvali mir.

But the most important lesson I learned growing up

Ali najvažnija lekcija koju sam naučila odrastajući

was the importance of being at the table.

je važnost toga da se bude za stolom.

When my mom's favorite lamp broke, I had to be there when she was trying

Kada se omiljena lampa moje mame polomila, morala sam da budem tu kada je pokušavala

to find out how and by who, because I had to defend myself,

da sazna kako se to desilo i ko je to uradio, jer sam morala da se branim,

because if you're not, then the finger is pointed at you,

jer ako se ne braniš, onda je prst uperen u tebe,

and before you know it, you will be grounded.

i kažnjen si dok trepneš.

I am not speaking from experience, of course.

Ne pričam iz iskustva, naravno.

When I was 15 in 2005, I completed high school and I moved

Kada sam imala 15 godina, 2005. godine, završila sam srednju školu i preselila se

from Canada -- Saskatoon --

iz Kanade - Saskatuna -

to Zawiya, my parents' hometown in Libya,

u Zaviju, rodni grad mojih roditelja u Libiji,

a very traditional city.

vrlo tradicionalan grad.

Mind you, I had only ever been to Libya before on vacation,

Pazite, pre toga sam bila u Libiji samo na odmoru,

and as a seven-year-old girl, it was magic.

kao devojčica od sedam godina, i bilo je čarobno.

It was ice cream and trips to the beach and really excited relatives.

Tu su bili sladoled, izleti na plaži i jako uzbudljivi rođaci.

Turns out it's not the same as a 15-year-old young lady.

Ispostavilo se da nije isto za gospođicu od 15 godina.

I very quickly became introduced to the cultural aspect of religion.

Vrlo brzo sam upoznata sa kulturnim aspektom religije.

The words "haram" -- meaning religiously prohibited --

Reči "haram" - što znači zabranjeno verom -

and "aib" -- meaning culturally inappropriate --

i "aib" - što znači kulturološki neprikladno -

were exchanged carelessly,

su bile nepromišljeno razmenjivane,

as if they meant the same thing and had the same consequences.

kao da označavaju istu stvar i imaju iste posledice.

And I found myself in conversation after conversation with classmates

I našla sam se razgovoru za razgovorom sa školskim drugovima

and colleagues, professors, friends, even relatives,

i kolegama, profesorima, prijateljima, čak i rođacima,

beginning to question my own role and my own aspirations.

počevši da dovodim u pitanje svoja pravila i svoje težnje.

And even with the foundation my parents had provided for me,

Čak i sa osnovom koju su mi roditelji pružili,

I found myself questioning the role of women in my faith.

počela sam da preispitujem ulogu žene u mojoj veri.

So at the Murabit School of International Affairs,

U Murabitovoj školi međunarodnih odnosa

we go very heavy on the debate,

se naporno debatuje,

and rule number one is do your research, so that's what I did,

i prvo pravilo je obaviti istraživanje, stoga sam to i uradila,

and it surprised me how easy it was

i iznenadilo me je koliko je lako bilo

to find women in my faith who were leaders,

pronaći žene u mojoj veri koje su lideri,

who were innovative, who were strong --

koje su inovativne i jake -

politically, economically, even militarily.

politički, ekonomski, čak i vojno.

Khadija financed the Islamic movement

Hatidža je finansirala islamski pokret

in its infancy.

u njegovim ranim danima.

We wouldn't be here if it weren't for her.

Ne bismo bili ovde da nije nje.

So why weren't we learning about her?

Pa zašto ne učimo o njoj?

Why weren't we learning about these women?

Zašto ne učimo o ovim ženama?

Why were women being relegated to positions which predated

Zašto su žene potisnute na položaje koji su prethodili

the teachings of our faith?

učenjima naše vere?

And why, if we are equal in the eyes of God,

I zašto, ako smo jednaki u očima Boga,

are we not equal in the eyes of men?

nismo jednaki u očima muškaraca?

To me, it all came back to the lessons I had learned as a child.

Vratile su mi se lekcije koje sam naučila kao dete.

The decision maker, the person who gets to control the message,

Onaj ko donosi odluke, osoba koja upravlja porukama,

is sitting at the table,

sedi za stolom,

and unfortunately, in every single world faith,

i nažalost, u svakoj svetskoj religiji,

they are not women.

to nije žena.

Religious institutions are dominated by men

Verskim institucijama dominiraju muškarci

and driven by male leadership,

i muško rukovodstvo upravlja njima,

and they create policies in their likeness,

a oni postavljaju pravila u skladu sa sobom,

and until we can change the system entirely,

i dok god ne budemo mogli da taj sistem u potpunosti promenimo,

then we can't realistically expect to have full economic

ne možemo realno očekivati da dobijemo

and political participation of women.

puno učešće žena u ekonomiji i politici.

Our foundation is broken.

Naš temelj je srušen.

My mom actually says, you can't build a straight house on a crooked foundation.

Moja mama kaže da se ne može izgraditi prava kuća na krivom temelju.

In 2011, the Libyan revolution broke out, and my family was on the front lines.

2011. godine je izbila revolucija u Libiji,

a moja porodica je bila na prvim linijama.

And there's this amazing thing that happens in war,

A nešto neverovatno se dešava u ratu,

a cultural shift almost, very temporary.

gotovo kulturološki preokret, veoma privremen.

And it was the first time that I felt it was not only acceptable

I to je bio prvi put da sam osetila da ne samo da je bilo prihvatljivo

for me to be involved, but it was encouraged.

da se uključim, već su me i podsticali.

It was demanded.

To se zahtevalo.

Myself and other women had a seat at the table.

Ja i druge žene smo sedele za stolom.

We weren't holding hands or a medium.

Nismo se držele za ruke ili bile medijum.

We were part of decision making.

Bile smo deo procesa donošenja odluke.

We were information sharing. We were crucial.

Razmenjivale smo informacije. Bile smo od ključnog značaja.

And I wanted and needed for that change to be permanent.

I želela sam i bilo mi je potrebno da ta promena bude trajna.

Turns out, that's not that easy.

Ispostavilo se da to nije tako lako.

It only took a few weeks before the women that I had previously worked with

Trebalo je samo nekoliko nedelja da se žene sa kojima sam prethodno radila

were returning back to their previous roles,

vrate u svoje ranije uloge,

and most of them were driven by words of encouragement

a većina njih je bila pod uticajem reči podstreka

from religious and political leaders,

verskih i političkih vođa,

most of whom cited religious scripture as their defense.

od kojih je većina citirala verske spise u svoju odbranu.

It's how they gained popular support for their opinions.

Tako su stekli podršku naroda za svoje mišljenje.

So initially, I focused on the economic and political empowerment of women.

Prvobitno sam se fokusirala na ekonomsko i političko osnaživanje žena.

I thought that would lead to cultural and social change.

Mislila sam da će to dovesti do kulturnih i društvenih promena.

It turns out, it does a little, but not a lot.

Kako se ispostavilo, dovodi u manjoj meri, ali ne mnogo.

I decided to use their defense as my offense,

Odlučila sam da njihovu odbranu koristim kao svoj napad,

and I began to cite and highlight Islamic scripture as well.

i počela sam i ja da citiram i naglašavam islamske svete spise.

In 2012 and 2013, my organization led the single largest

2012. i 2013. godine, moja organizacija je vodila

and most widespread campaign in Libya.

najveću i najšire rasprostranjenu kampanju u Libiji.

We entered homes and schools and universities, even mosques.

Ušli smo u domove, škole i univerzitete, čak i džamije.

We spoke to 50,000 people directly,

Direktno smo govorili sa 50 000 ljudi,

and hundreds of thousands more through billboards and television commercials,

i sa još stotine hiljada preko bilborda i reklama na televiziji,

radio commercials and posters.

na radiju i preko postera.

And you're probably wondering how a women's rights organization

Verovatno se pitate kako je organizacija za ženska prava

was able to do this in communities which had previously opposed

mogla to da uradi u zajednici koja je prethodno osporavala

our sheer existence.

naše puko postojanje.

I used scripture.

Koristila sam svete spise.

I used verses from the Quran and sayings of the Prophet,

Koristila sam stihove iz Kurana i prorokove izreke,

Hadiths, his sayings which are, for example,

hadise, njegove izjave, kao na primer:

"The best of you is the best to their family."

"Najbolje u tebi je najbolje za tvoju porodicu".

"Do not let your brother oppress another."

"Ne dozvoli da se tvoja braća ugnjetavaju."

For the first time, Friday sermons led by local community imams

Po prvi put, propovedi petkom koje su vodili imami mesnih zajednica

promoted the rights of women.

promovisali su prava žena.

They discussed taboo issues, like domestic violence.

Razgovarali su o tabu temama, poput nasilja u porodici.

Policies were changed.

Pravila su izmenjena.

In certain communities, we actually had to go as far

U određenim zajednicama smo stigli toliko daleko

as saying the International Human Rights Declaration,

da kažemo za Međunarodnu deklaraciju o ljudskim pravima,

which you opposed because it wasn't written by religious scholars,

koja je osporavana jer je nisu napisali verski stručnjaci,

well, those same principles are in our book.

pa, ti isti principi su u našoj knjizi.

So really, the United Nations just copied us.

Tako da su nas Ujedinjene nacije zapravo kopirale.

By changing the message, we were able to provide

Izmenivši poruku, mogli smo da obezbedimo

an alternative narrative which promoted the rights of women in Libya.

alternativni narativ koji je promovisao prava žena u Libiji.

It's something that has now been replicated internationally,

To je nešto što je sada ponovljeno internacionalno,

and while I am not saying it's easy -- believe me, it's not.

mada ne kažem da je lako - verujte mi, nije.

Liberals will say you're using religion and call you a bad conservative.

Liberali će reći da koristite religiju i nazivati vas lošim konzervativcem.

Conservatives will call you a lot of colorful things.

Konzervativci će vas nazivati mnoštvom slikovitih imena.

I've heard everything from, "Your parents must be extremely ashamed of you" --

Čula sam sve počevši od: "Tvoji roditelji mora da se veoma stide zbog tebe" -

false; they're my biggest fans --

netačno; oni su moji najveći obožavaci -

to "You will not make it to your next birthday" --

do: "Nećeš doživeti svoj sledeći rođendan" -

again wrong, because I did.

još jednom pogrešno, jer jesam.

And I remain

I ostajem

a very strong believer that women's rights and religion are not mutually exclusive.

pri snažnom uverenju da ženska prava i religija nisu međusobno isključivi.

But we have to be at the table.

Ali moramo da budemo za stolom.

We have to stop giving up our position, because by remaining silent,

Moramo prestati da se odričemo svoje pozicije, jer ćutanjem

we allow for the continued persecution and abuse of women worldwide.

dozvoljavamo dalji progon i zlostavljanje žena širom sveta.

By saying that we're going to fight for women's rights

Rekavši da ćemo se boriti za prava žena

and fight extremism with bombs and warfare,

i boriti se protiv ekstremizma bombama i ratom,

we completely cripple local societies which need to address these issues

potpuno onesposobljavamo lokalna društva koja treba da se bave ovim pitanjima

so that they're sustainable.

da bi bila održiva.

It is not easy, challenging distorted religious messaging.

To nije lako, osporavanje iskrivljenih verskih poruka.

You will have your fair share of insults and ridicule and threats.

Slede vam uvrede i ismevanja i pretnje.

But we have to do it.

Ali moram to da radimo.

We have no other option than to reclaim the message of human rights,

Nemamo drugu opciju nego da povratimo poruku o ljudskim pravima,

the principles of our faith,

principe naše vere,

not for us, not for the women in your families,

ne za nas, ne za žene u vašim porodicama,

not for the women in this room,

ne za žene u ovoj prostoriji,

not even for the women out there,

čak ni za žene tamo negde,

but for societies that would be transformed

već za društva koja mogu biti transformisana

with the participation of women.

učešćem žena.

And the only way we can do that,

A jedini način na koji to možemo da uradimo,

our only option,

naša jedina opcija,

is to be, and remain, at the table.

je da budemo, i ostanemo, za stolom.

Thank you.

Hvala vam.

(Applause)

(Aplauz)