What Islam really says about women | Alaa Murabit

Prevoditelj: Senzos Osijek Recezent: Ivan Stamenković

So on my way here,

Na putu ovdje,

the passenger next to me and I had a very interesting conversation

putnik kraj mene i ja vodili smo vrlo zanimljiv razgovor

during my flight.

tijekom leta.

He told me, "It seems like the United States has run out of jobs,

Rekao mi je, „Čini mi se da je SAD ostao bez poslova,

because they're just making some up:

jer su počeli izmišljati neke nove:

cat psychologist, dog whisperer, tornado chaser."

psiholog za mačke, šaptač psima, lovac na tornado.“

A couple of seconds later, he asked me,

Nekoliko sekundi poslije, pitao me,

"So what do you do?"

„Čime se Vi bavite?“

And I was like, "Peacebuilder?"

Odgovorila sam mu: „Mirotvorac?“

(Laughter)

(Smijeh)

Every day, I work to amplify the voices of women

Svakog dan trudim se ojačati glasove žena

and to highlight their experiences

i istaknuti njihova iskustva

and their participation in peace processes and conflict resolution,

i sudjelovanje u mirotvornim procesima i rješavanju sukoba

and because of my work,

te zbog svog posla,

I recognize that the only way to ensure the full participation of women globally

smatram da je jedini način da se osigura globalno sudjelovanje žena

is by reclaiming religion.

ponovno religijsko obraćenje.

Now, this matter is vitally important to me.

Ovo je pitanje za mene od vitalne važnosti.

As a young Muslim woman, I am very proud of my faith.

Kao mlada Muslimanka, jako se ponosim svojom vjerom.

It gives me the strength and conviction to do my work every day.

Daje mi snagu i uvjerenje da svakodnevno obavljam svoj posao.

It's the reason I can be here in front of you.

Ona je razlog zašto sam s vama ovdje.

But I can't overlook the damage that has been done in the name of religion,

Ali ne mogu prijeći preko štete koja je počinjena u ime religije,

not just my own, but all of the world's major faiths.

ne samo moje, već od strane svih velikih svjetskih religija.

The misrepresentation and misuse and manipulation of religious scripture

Pogrešno predstavljanje i zloupotreba te manipulacija vjerskim zapisima

has influenced our social and cultural norms,

utjecala je na naše društvene i kulturne norme,

our laws, our daily lives,

naše zakone i svakodnevne živote

to a point where we sometimes don't recognize it.

do te mjere da ju ponekad ne prepoznajemo.

My parents moved from Libya, North Africa, to Canada

Moji su se roditelji preselili iz Sjeverne Afrike, Libije, u Kanadu

in the early 1980s,

u ranim osamdesetima,

and I am the middle child of 11 children.

a ja sam srednje dijete od 11 djece.

Yes, 11.

Da, 11.

But growing up, I saw my parents,

Odrastajući, gledala sam svoje roditelje,

both religiously devout and spiritual people,

oboje predani vjeri produhovljeni ljudi,

pray and praise God for their blessings,

kako mole i hvale Boga za Njegove darove

namely me of course, but among others. (Laughter)

ponajviše mene među ostalim. (Smijeh)

They were kind and funny and patient,

Bili su dragi, zabavni i strpljivi,

limitlessly patient, the kind of patience that having 11 kids forces you to have.

bezgranično strpljivi, na način na koju si prisiljen kada imaš jedanaestero djece.

And they were fair.

I bili su pravedni.

I was never subjected to religion through a cultural lens.

Nikad nisam bila podvrgnuta religiji kako ju drugi vide.

I was treated the same,

Isto su se odnosili prema meni,

the same was expected of me.

isto se očekivalo i od mene.

I was never taught that God judged differently based on gender.

Nikad me nisu učili da Bog sudi na temelju spola.

And my parents' understanding of God as a merciful and beneficial friend

Moji su roditelji shvaćali Boga kao milosrdnog i dobrostivog prijatelja,

and provider shaped the way I looked at the world.

davatelja, i to je utjecalo na moj pogled na svijet.

Now, of course, my upbringing had additional benefits.

Naravno, moj je odgoj imao dodatne prednosti.

Being one of 11 children is Diplomacy 101. (Laughter)

Biti jedno od 11 djece značilo je biti vrstan diplomat.

To this day, I am asked where I went to school,

I dan danas me pitaju gdje sam se školovala,

like, "Did you go to Kennedy School of Government?"

„Jesi li studirala na Harvardu?"

and I look at them and I'm like, "No,

a ja ih pogledam i kažem, „Ne,

I went to the Murabit School of International Affairs."

išla sam u Murabit Školu međunarodnih poslova.“

It's extremely exclusive. You would have to talk to my mom to get in.

Morali biste razgovarati s mojom mamom da se upišete.

Lucky for you, she's here.

Srećom pa je ona ovdje.

But being one of 11 children and having 10 siblings

Ali biti jedno od 11 djece i imati 10 braće i sestara

teaches you a lot about power structures and alliances.

nauči vas puno o strukturama moći i savezima.

It teaches you focus; you have to talk fast or say less,

Nauči te da se usredotočiš; moraš pričati brzo ili reći manje

because you will always get cut off.

jer će te uvijek prekinuti.

It teaches you the importance of messaging.

Naučilo me važnosti prenošenja poruke.

You have to ask questions in the right way to get the answers you know you want,

Potrebno je pitati pitanja na odgovarajući način kako bi dobio odgovor koji želiš,

and you have to say no in the right way to keep the peace.

i znati reći „ne“, na pravi način kako bi se održao mir.

But the most important lesson I learned growing up

Ali najvažnija lekcija koju sam naučila odrastajući je

was the importance of being at the table.

važnost prisustva.

When my mom's favorite lamp broke, I had to be there when she was trying

Kada se majčina omiljena svjetiljka razbila, morala sam biti prisutna dok je pokušavala

to find out how and by who, because I had to defend myself,

saznati tko je to učinio, jer sam se morala obraniti,

because if you're not, then the finger is pointed at you,

jer da nisam, bila bih glavni krivac,

and before you know it, you will be grounded.

i prije nego što shvatiš, bila bih u kazni.

I am not speaking from experience, of course.

Naravno, ne govorim to iz iskustva.

When I was 15 in 2005, I completed high school and I moved

Kada sam imala 15, 2005., završila sam srednju školu i preselila se

from Canada -- Saskatoon --

iz Kanade –Saskatoona -

to Zawiya, my parents' hometown in Libya,

u Zawiyju u Libiji, rodni grad mojih roditelja,

a very traditional city.

vrlo tradicionalan grad.

Mind you, I had only ever been to Libya before on vacation,

Obratite pažnju, prije sam u Libiji bila samo na odmoru,

and as a seven-year-old girl, it was magic.

kao sedmogodišnja djevojčica i bilo je čarobno.

It was ice cream and trips to the beach and really excited relatives.

Sladoled i izleti na plažu i vrlo uzbudljivi rođaci.

Turns out it's not the same as a 15-year-old young lady.

Petnaestogodišnjakinji se nije tako činilo.

I very quickly became introduced to the cultural aspect of religion.

Vrlo sam brzo upoznala kulturni aspekt religije.

The words "haram" -- meaning religiously prohibited --

Riječi „haram“ – što znači biti religijski zabranjen

and "aib" -- meaning culturally inappropriate --

i „aib“ – što znači kulturalno neprihvatljivo

were exchanged carelessly,

bili su korišteni olako,

as if they meant the same thing and had the same consequences.

kao da znače istu stvar i imaju iste posljedice.

And I found myself in conversation after conversation with classmates

Tako sam iz razgovora u razgovor s kolegama

and colleagues, professors, friends, even relatives,

i poznanicima, profesorima, prijateljima, čak i rođacima,

beginning to question my own role and my own aspirations.

počela preispitivati vlastita pravila i osobne težnje.

And even with the foundation my parents had provided for me,

Čak i s temeljima koja su mi moji roditelji pružili,

I found myself questioning the role of women in my faith.

dovela sam u pitanje ulogu žena u mojoj vjeri.

So at the Murabit School of International Affairs,

Tako smo u Murabit Školi međunarodnih poslova,

we go very heavy on the debate,

ušli u jako tešku raspravu,

and rule number one is do your research, so that's what I did,

a pravilo broj jedan bilo je istražiti, što sam i učinila,

and it surprised me how easy it was

i iznenadilo me kako je bilo lako

to find women in my faith who were leaders,

pronaći žene u mojoj vjeri koje su bile vođe,

who were innovative, who were strong --

koje su bile inovativne, snažne –

politically, economically, even militarily.

politički, ekonomski, pa i vojno.

Khadija financed the Islamic movement

Khadija je financirala Islamski pokret

in its infancy.

u ranom djetinjstvu.

We wouldn't be here if it weren't for her.

Ne bismo bili ovdje da nije bilo nje.

So why weren't we learning about her?

Pa zašto onda ne učimo o njoj?

Why weren't we learning about these women?

Zašto nismo učili o ovim ženama?

Why were women being relegated to positions which predated

Zašto su žene degradirane na pozicije na kojima su

the teachings of our faith?

bile prije učenja naše vjere?

And why, if we are equal in the eyes of God,

I zašto, ako smo jednaki u Božjim očima,

are we not equal in the eyes of men?

nismo jednaki u očima ljudi?

To me, it all came back to the lessons I had learned as a child.

Za mene, sve se svodi na lekcije koje sam naučila kao dijete.

The decision maker, the person who gets to control the message,

Donositelj odluke, osoba koja ima kontrolu nad porukom,

is sitting at the table,

koja je prisutna,

and unfortunately, in every single world faith,

a nažalost, ni u jednoj svjetskoj religiji,

they are not women.

ta osoba nije žena.

Religious institutions are dominated by men

Religijskim ustanovama dominiraju muškarci

and driven by male leadership,

i pod vodstvom su muškaraca,

and they create policies in their likeness,

koji kreiraju politiku po vlastitoj želji,

and until we can change the system entirely,

i dok god u potpunosti ne promijenimo sustav,

then we can't realistically expect to have full economic

realno, ne možemo očekivati potpuno sudjelovanje žena

and political participation of women.

u gospodarstvu i politici.

Our foundation is broken.

Naši su temelji uništeni.

My mom actually says, you can't build a straight house on a crooked foundation.

Moja mama govori da se ne može graditi kuća na lošim temeljima.

In 2011, the Libyan revolution broke out, and my family was on the front lines.

2011. u Libiji je izbila revolucija i moja je obitelj bila na bojišnici.

And there's this amazing thing that happens in war,

I tu je ta nevjerojatna stvar koja se dogodila u ratu,

a cultural shift almost, very temporary.

gotovo kulturni pomak, ali privremen.

And it was the first time that I felt it was not only acceptable

To je bilo prvi put da sam osjetila da ne samo da je prihvatljivo

for me to be involved, but it was encouraged.

to da budem uključena, nego je bilo i potaknuto.

It was demanded.

Zahtijevalo se.

Myself and other women had a seat at the table.

Druge žene i ja dobile smo priliku prisustvovati.

We weren't holding hands or a medium.

Nije bilo držanja za ruke ni posrednika.

We were part of decision making.

Sudjelovale smo u donošenju odluke.

We were information sharing. We were crucial.

Dijelile smo informacije. Bile smo od presudne važnosti.

And I wanted and needed for that change to be permanent.

Željela sam i trebala da ta promjena bude stalna.

Turns out, that's not that easy.

Ispalo je da to nije tako lako.

It only took a few weeks before the women that I had previously worked with

Za samo su se nekoliko tjedana žene s kojima sam ranije radila

were returning back to their previous roles,

vratile prijašnjim ulogama,

and most of them were driven by words of encouragement

a mnoge su od njih ohrabrivale riječi

from religious and political leaders,

vjerskih i političkih vođa,

most of whom cited religious scripture as their defense.

od koji je većina citirala religijske zapise kao opravdanje.

It's how they gained popular support for their opinions.

Tako su stekli podršku naroda za svoje stavove.

So initially, I focused on the economic and political empowerment of women.

U početku sam se usmjerila na gospodarsko i političko osnaživanje žena.

I thought that would lead to cultural and social change.

Mislila sam da će to dovesti do kulturnih i društvenih promjena.

It turns out, it does a little, but not a lot.

Ispostavilo se da malo i jest, ali ne previše.

I decided to use their defense as my offense,

Odlučila sam koristiti njihovo opravdanje za svoj napad,

and I began to cite and highlight Islamic scripture as well.

te počela citirati i isticati islamske zapise.

In 2012 and 2013, my organization led the single largest

2012. i 2013. je moja organizacija vodila najveću pojedinačnu

and most widespread campaign in Libya.

i najrašireniju kampanju u Libiji.

We entered homes and schools and universities, even mosques.

Posjećivali smo domove, škole, sveučilišta, pa čak i džamije.

We spoke to 50,000 people directly,

Izravno smo se obratili 50,000 ljudi,

and hundreds of thousands more through billboards and television commercials,

a još stotinama tisuća preko billboarda i tv reklama,

radio commercials and posters.

radio reklama i plakata.

And you're probably wondering how a women's rights organization

Vjerojatno se pitate kako je organizacija za prava žena

was able to do this in communities which had previously opposed

mogla to učiniti u zajednicama koje su se prethodno protivile

our sheer existence.

samom našem postojanju.

I used scripture.

Koristila sam zapise.

I used verses from the Quran and sayings of the Prophet,

Koristila sam stihove iz Kurana, i izreke Proroka,

Hadiths, his sayings which are, for example,

Hadisa, čije su izreke primjerice:

"The best of you is the best to their family."

„Najbolje od tebe je najbolje i za njihovu obitelj.“

"Do not let your brother oppress another."

„Ne daj svom bratu da ugnjetava drugog.“

For the first time, Friday sermons led by local community imams

Prvi su put propovijedi petkom, koje su vodili lokalni imami,

promoted the rights of women.

isticale prava žena.

They discussed taboo issues, like domestic violence.

Bile su o zabranjenim temama kao što je obiteljsko nasilje.

Policies were changed.

Politika se promijenila.

In certain communities, we actually had to go as far

U nekim smo zajednicama morali ići toliko daleko da smo

as saying the International Human Rights Declaration,

tvrdili da Međunarodna deklaracija o ljudskim pravima,

which you opposed because it wasn't written by religious scholars,

kojoj se protive jer ju nisu napisali vjerski učenjaci,

well, those same principles are in our book.

očiva na istim načelima koja su u našoj knjizi.

So really, the United Nations just copied us.

Zapravo je UN to preuzeo od nas.

By changing the message, we were able to provide

Mijenjanjem poruke, bili smo u mogućnosti pružiti

an alternative narrative which promoted the rights of women in Libya.

drugačiju priču koja promiče prava žena u Libiji.

It's something that has now been replicated internationally,

To se sada ponavlja na međunarodnoj razini

and while I am not saying it's easy -- believe me, it's not.

i ne kažem da je to lako – vjerujte mi, nije.

Liberals will say you're using religion and call you a bad conservative.

Liberali bi rekli da koristite religiju i da ste pokvareni konzervativci.

Conservatives will call you a lot of colorful things.

Konzervativci bi vas nazivali mnogim šarolikim imenima.

I've heard everything from, "Your parents must be extremely ashamed of you" --

Naslušala sam se svega, od: „Tvoji te se roditelji sigurno srame“

false; they're my biggest fans --

netočno, oni me najviše podržavaju

to "You will not make it to your next birthday" --

do „Nećeš doživjeti svoj sljedeći rođendan“ -

again wrong, because I did.

i, opet, pogrešno.

And I remain

I dalje vjerujem

a very strong believer that women's rights and religion are not mutually exclusive.

da se religija i prava žena međusobno ne isključuju.

But we have to be at the table.

Ali moramo biti prisutne.

We have to stop giving up our position, because by remaining silent,

Moramo se prestati odricati pozicija jer ako budemo šutjele

we allow for the continued persecution and abuse of women worldwide.

dopuštamo kontinuirani progon i zlostavljanje žena širom svijeta.

By saying that we're going to fight for women's rights

Kada kažemo da ćemo se izboriti za prava žena

and fight extremism with bombs and warfare,

i boriti se protiv ekstremizma bombama i ratom,

we completely cripple local societies which need to address these issues

potpuno onesposobljavamo društva koja se trebaju suočiti s ovim pitanjima

so that they're sustainable.

kako bi se održala.

It is not easy, challenging distorted religious messaging.

Nije lako suprotstaviti se iskrivljenoj vjerskoj poruci.

You will have your fair share of insults and ridicule and threats.

Dobit ćete svoju porciju uvreda, podrugivanja i prijetnji.

But we have to do it.

Ali moramo to učiniti.

We have no other option than to reclaim the message of human rights,

Nemamo drugog izbora nego ponovno prenijeti poruku o ljudskim pravima,

the principles of our faith,

načelima naše vjere,

not for us, not for the women in your families,

ne zbog sebe, ne zbog žena u vašim obiteljima,

not for the women in this room,

ne zbog žena u ovoj prostoriji,

not even for the women out there,

pa ni zbog žena tamo negdje,

but for societies that would be transformed

nego zbog društava koja će se preobraziti

with the participation of women.

uz pomoć žena.

And the only way we can do that,

A jedini način da to učinimo,

our only option,

naša jedina mogućnost,

is to be, and remain, at the table.

je biti i ostati, prisutne.

Thank you.

Hvala.

(Applause)

(Pljesak)