What Islam really says about women | Alaa Murabit

翻译人员: Tian Ye 校对人员: Yongjun Li

So on my way here,

在我来的路上，

the passenger next to me and I had a very interesting conversation

在飞机上我和旁边的乘客

有一段很有意思的对话。

during my flight.

He told me, "It seems like the United States has run out of jobs,

他跟我说： “看来，美国的工作岗位都已经满了，

because they're just making some up:

因为现在的职位都是编出来的嘛：

cat psychologist, dog whisperer, tornado chaser."

猫心理学家，狗语者，风暴追逐者。”

A couple of seconds later, he asked me,

过了几秒钟，他问我：

"So what do you do?"

“你又是做什么的？”

And I was like, "Peacebuilder?"

我回答说，“和平建设者？” （笑声）

(Laughter)

Every day, I work to amplify the voices of women

我每天都在努力让更多的人 听到女性的声音，

and to highlight their experiences

强调她们经历和参与

and their participation in peace processes and conflict resolution,

推动和平、化解冲突的事迹。

and because of my work,

也正是因为我的工作，

I recognize that the only way to ensure the full participation of women globally

我意识到

保障全球女性全面参与的唯一途径，

is by reclaiming religion.

就是改造宗教的面目。

Now, this matter is vitally important to me.

如今，这件事对我至关重要。

As a young Muslim woman, I am very proud of my faith.

作为一位年轻的穆斯林女性， 我对自己的信仰非常自豪。

It gives me the strength and conviction to do my work every day.

它给予了我力量和信念， 让我能每天努力工作。

It's the reason I can be here in front of you.

它也是我能来这里站在大家面前的原因。

But I can't overlook the damage that has been done in the name of religion,

但我无法忽视 以宗教名义造成的破坏，

not just my own, but all of the world's major faiths.

不仅仅是我信仰的宗教， 全世界的主要宗教都是如此。

The misrepresentation and misuse and manipulation of religious scripture

对宗教经文的曲解、滥用和篡改，

has influenced our social and cultural norms,

已经影响到我们的社会和文化规范，

our laws, our daily lives,

我们的法律和日常生活，

to a point where we sometimes don't recognize it.

有时甚至是我们还没有意识到的地方。

My parents moved from Libya, North Africa, to Canada

我父母在20世纪80年代初

从北非的利比亚移民到了加拿大，

in the early 1980s,

and I am the middle child of 11 children.

我在11个小孩中排在中间。

Yes, 11.

没错，11个。

But growing up, I saw my parents,

但在成长过程中我看到我的父母

both religiously devout and spiritual people,

都是宗教上虔诚、心灵富有的人，

pray and praise God for their blessings,

他们向真主祷告并赞美真主的恩赐，

namely me of course, but among others. (Laughter)

当然就是我了，以及我的兄弟姐妹。 （笑声）

They were kind and funny and patient,

他们心地善良、 风趣幽默又极富耐心，

limitlessly patient, the kind of patience that having 11 kids forces you to have.

无限的耐心， 被11个孩子逼迫出来的耐心。

And they were fair.

而且他们也很公正。

I was never subjected to religion through a cultural lens.

我从来没有被他们 以加上文化眼光的宗教来对待。

I was treated the same,

我受到平等对待，

the same was expected of me.

也被要求平等待人。

I was never taught that God judged differently based on gender.

我从来没有被教导说： 真主因性别而区别待人。

And my parents' understanding of God as a merciful and beneficial friend

而我父母所理解的真主， 是一位仁慈的益友和提供者，

and provider shaped the way I looked at the world.

正是这种观念塑造了我看待世界的方式。

Now, of course, my upbringing had additional benefits.

当然，我的成长经历也有额外的益处。

Being one of 11 children is Diplomacy 101. (Laughter)

作为11个孩子中的一个就像是 上外交基础课。（笑声）

To this day, I am asked where I went to school,

到现在如果有人问我从哪里毕业的，

like, "Did you go to Kennedy School of Government?"

像是“你是肯尼迪政府学院毕业的吗？”

and I look at them and I'm like, "No,

我就会看看他们然后回答：“不是，

I went to the Murabit School of International Affairs."

我上的是穆拉比特国际关系学院。”

It's extremely exclusive. You would have to talk to my mom to get in.

绝对的私立学校， 想入学必须先跟我妈谈谈。

Lucky for you, she's here.

各位运气很好， 她就在现场。

But being one of 11 children and having 10 siblings

但是作为11个小孩之一， 拥有10个兄弟姐妹，

teaches you a lot about power structures and alliances.

能教会你许多 有关权力结构和联盟的事情。

It teaches you focus; you have to talk fast or say less,

它教你学会专注； 你要说快一点或者少一点，

because you will always get cut off.

因为你总是会被打断。

It teaches you the importance of messaging.

它教会你信息沟通的重要性。

You have to ask questions in the right way to get the answers you know you want,

你必须以正确的方式提出问题， 才能得到想要的答案，

and you have to say no in the right way to keep the peace.

你还要以正确的方式拒绝， 才能保持和平。

But the most important lesson I learned growing up

但是成长中我学到最重要的一课，

was the importance of being at the table.

就是要在圆桌上占有一席之地。

When my mom's favorite lamp broke, I had to be there when she was trying

当我妈妈最喜欢的台灯被打破时， 她想查出是谁打破的、怎样发生的，

to find out how and by who, because I had to defend myself,

这时我就必须在场， 因为我得为自己辩护，

because if you're not, then the finger is pointed at you,

因为如果谁不在， 就会变成众矢之的，

and before you know it, you will be grounded.

然后在还没反应过来之前就被禁足了。

I am not speaking from experience, of course.

当然我不是在说我的亲身经历。

When I was 15 in 2005, I completed high school and I moved

2005年我15岁的时候， 刚刚从高中毕业，

from Canada -- Saskatoon --

我从加拿大的萨斯卡通，

to Zawiya, my parents' hometown in Libya,

来到了我父母在利比亚的故乡， 扎维亚。

a very traditional city.

一个非常传统的城市。

Mind you, I had only ever been to Libya before on vacation,

提醒大家， 我以前只去过利比亚度假，

and as a seven-year-old girl, it was magic.

对于一个7岁的小女孩来说， 当时就像梦幻一般。

It was ice cream and trips to the beach and really excited relatives.

有冰淇淋和沙滩旅行， 还有非常兴奋的亲戚。

Turns out it's not the same as a 15-year-old young lady.

可对于15岁的年轻女士来说 就不是一回事了。

I very quickly became introduced to the cultural aspect of religion.

我很快就见识到了 宗教在文化层面的影响。

The words "haram" -- meaning religiously prohibited --

“haram”—— 表示宗教上禁止，

and "aib" -- meaning culturally inappropriate --

而“aib”—— 表示文化上不适当，

were exchanged carelessly,

这两个词我常常无意中混用，

as if they meant the same thing and had the same consequences.

好像含义完全一致， 带来的后果也完全相同。

And I found myself in conversation after conversation with classmates

然后我发现自己无数次，

在和同学、同事、教授、 朋友，甚至是和亲戚的对话中，

and colleagues, professors, friends, even relatives,

beginning to question my own role and my own aspirations.

开始质疑我自己的角色和志向。

And even with the foundation my parents had provided for me,

即使在我父母帮我打下的基础上，

I found myself questioning the role of women in my faith.

我发现我在质疑 自己信仰中女性所扮演的角色。

So at the Murabit School of International Affairs,

在穆拉比特国际关系学院里，

we go very heavy on the debate,

我们热衷于辩论，

and rule number one is do your research, so that's what I did,

第一条原则就是要做好调查，

于是我就去调查，

and it surprised me how easy it was

结果我很惊讶，其实很容易

to find women in my faith who were leaders,

在我的信仰中 找到曾是领导者的女性，

who were innovative, who were strong --

或是革新者、坚强的女性，

politically, economically, even militarily.

无论是在政治、经济， 甚至是军事领域中。

Khadija financed the Islamic movement

卡蒂嘉在伊斯兰运动 刚刚起步的时候提供资金。

in its infancy.

We wouldn't be here if it weren't for her.

要是没有她我们就不会在这里。

So why weren't we learning about her?

那为什么我们不知道她的事迹？

Why weren't we learning about these women?

为什么我们不知道这些女性的事迹？

Why were women being relegated to positions which predated

为什么女性的地位 在我们的信仰教育中被忽略？

the teachings of our faith?

And why, if we are equal in the eyes of God,

而且，如果我们在真主眼中是平等的，

are we not equal in the eyes of men?

为什么在男性的眼中却不是？

To me, it all came back to the lessons I had learned as a child.

对我而言， 一切都回到了我小时候所学到的。

决策者， 也就是控制信息的那个人，

The decision maker, the person who gets to control the message,

is sitting at the table,

就坐在圆桌前，

and unfortunately, in every single world faith,

不幸的是，在每一种世界性宗教中，

they are not women.

这些人都不是女性。

Religious institutions are dominated by men

宗教组织为男性所主宰，

and driven by male leadership,

由男性领导者推动，

and they create policies in their likeness,

他们以自己的形象制订政策。

and until we can change the system entirely,

所以在我们能够完全改变体制前，

then we can't realistically expect to have full economic

我们都不能实际去指望 女性全面参与经济与政治事务。

and political participation of women.

Our foundation is broken.

我们的基础是破碎的。

我的妈妈说过： 地基不平整，房子盖不正。

My mom actually says, you can't build a straight house on a crooked foundation.

In 2011, the Libyan revolution broke out, and my family was on the front lines.

2011年利比亚革命爆发， 我们一家就在前线。

And there's this amazing thing that happens in war,

在战争中出现了 这样一件令人惊奇的事，

a cultural shift almost, very temporary.

几乎是一场文化上的转变， 非常短暂。

And it was the first time that I felt it was not only acceptable

这是我第一次感到， 参与其中不仅是被允许的，

for me to be involved, but it was encouraged.

而且是被鼓励的。

It was demanded.

甚至是被要求的。

Myself and other women had a seat at the table.

我自己和其他女性， 在圆桌前也有了位置。

We weren't holding hands or a medium.

我们不是在那里手拉手 或是作为中间人。

We were part of decision making.

我们参与了决策。

我们也共享信息， 我们至关重要。

We were information sharing. We were crucial.

And I wanted and needed for that change to be permanent.

我想要而且需要那是永久的转变。

Turns out, that's not that easy.

结果却是，并非这么简单。

It only took a few weeks before the women that I had previously worked with

只过了几个星期，

之前和我共事的女性 又回去做她们以前做的事情，

were returning back to their previous roles,

而且她们大多数人都是受到 宗教与政治领袖的鼓励，

and most of them were driven by words of encouragement

from religious and political leaders,

most of whom cited religious scripture as their defense.

这些领袖大多引用宗教经文 来为自己做防御。

It's how they gained popular support for their opinions.

他们也是用这种办法 使自己的观点获得民众支持。

所以开始的时候，我致力于赋予 女性经济和政治上的权力。

So initially, I focused on the economic and political empowerment of women.

I thought that would lead to cultural and social change.

我以为这样会带来 文化和社会上的转变。

It turns out, it does a little, but not a lot.

结果是有一点作用，但不多。

I decided to use their defense as my offense,

我决定用他们的防御工具， 来作为我的进攻工具。

and I began to cite and highlight Islamic scripture as well.

于是我也开始同样地引用 并强调伊斯兰教经文。

In 2012 and 2013, my organization led the single largest

在2012和2013年，我的组织在利比亚 领导了最大、范围最广泛的运动。

and most widespread campaign in Libya.

We entered homes and schools and universities, even mosques.

我们走进家庭，大小学校， 甚至清真寺，

We spoke to 50,000 people directly,

我们直接同5万人对话，

and hundreds of thousands more through billboards and television commercials,

还通过大型看板和电视广告，

radio commercials and posters.

以及广播与海报来接触更多人。

And you're probably wondering how a women's rights organization

你可能会想，一个女权组织是怎样

was able to do this in communities which had previously opposed

在以前光是对我们的存在 就很反感的社区进行活动的。

our sheer existence.

I used scripture.

我用经文。

I used verses from the Quran and sayings of the Prophet,

我引用了古兰经里的诗句 和先知的语录，

Hadiths, his sayings which are, for example,

圣训里的话语， 比如说，

"The best of you is the best to their family."

“你们中最好的人是最善待家人的人。”

"Do not let your brother oppress another."

“不要让你的兄弟压迫他人。”

For the first time, Friday sermons led by local community imams

第一次，由当地社区伊玛目 主持的周五布道，

promoted the rights of women.

提倡了女性的人权。

They discussed taboo issues, like domestic violence.

他们讨论了像是家庭暴力 这一类的禁忌话题。

Policies were changed.

政策改变了。

In certain communities, we actually had to go as far

在某些社区里， 我们甚至必须提到

as saying the International Human Rights Declaration,

比如说国际人权宣言，

which you opposed because it wasn't written by religious scholars,

你们反对它是因为 它不是宗教学者写的，

well, those same principles are in our book.

其实，我们的经书里 有同样的基本准则。

So really, the United Nations just copied us.

所以实际上， 联合国是抄袭我们的。

By changing the message, we were able to provide

通过信息的转变，

我们得以提供另一种叙事角度， 来提倡利比亚的女权。

an alternative narrative which promoted the rights of women in Libya.

It's something that has now been replicated internationally,

这样的方式现在开始 在国际上被复制。

and while I am not saying it's easy -- believe me, it's not.

我并没有说这很容易—— 相信我，这并不容易。

Liberals will say you're using religion and call you a bad conservative.

自由派会说你是在利用宗教， 然后说你是糟糕的保守派。

Conservatives will call you a lot of colorful things.

保守派会用一大堆难听话来骂你。

I've heard everything from, "Your parents must be extremely ashamed of you" --

我听过各种各样的， 从“你父母一定极度以你为耻”——

false; they're my biggest fans --

错，他们是我最大的支持者——

to "You will not make it to your next birthday" --

到“你活不到下一个生日”——

again wrong, because I did.

又错了，因为我已经活到了。

And I remain

而且我仍然坚信，

a very strong believer that women's rights and religion are not mutually exclusive.

女权和宗教并非不能相容。

But we have to be at the table.

但我们必须在圆桌上 拥有一席之地。

We have to stop giving up our position, because by remaining silent,

我们必须停止放弃自己的地位， 因为保持沉默，

we allow for the continued persecution and abuse of women worldwide.

我们就是容许全世界 继续迫害和虐待女性。

By saying that we're going to fight for women's rights

通过主张我们要为女权而战，

and fight extremism with bombs and warfare,

打击使用炸弹、发动战争 的极端主义者，

we completely cripple local societies which need to address these issues

我们就能完全瘫痪那些 需要借由强调这类议题

so that they're sustainable.

才能持续发展下去的地方社群。

It is not easy, challenging distorted religious messaging.

这并不容易， 要挑战扭曲的宗教信息。

You will have your fair share of insults and ridicule and threats.

你将面对许多的侮辱、嘲笑和威胁。

But we have to do it.

但我们必须这么做。

我们别无选择， 必须改造人权的信息沟通，

We have no other option than to reclaim the message of human rights,

the principles of our faith,

我们信仰的原则，

not for us, not for the women in your families,

并非是为了我们， 也不是为了你们家中的女性，

not for the women in this room,

也不是为了这个房间里的女性，

not even for the women out there,

甚至不是为了外面的女性，

but for societies that would be transformed

而是为了一个由于女性的参与 而转变的社会。

with the participation of women.

And the only way we can do that,

我们能做到这一点的唯一途径，

our only option,

我们唯一的选择，

is to be, and remain, at the table.

就是在圆桌上，持续地拥有一席之地。

Thank you.

谢谢大家。（掌声）

(Applause)