What Islam really says about women | Alaa Murabit

譯者: Huan-Yu Hsieh 審譯者: Marssi Draw

So on my way here,

我在來的途中，

the passenger next to me and I had a very interesting conversation

在飛機上和隔壁的乘客

有一段很有趣的對話。

during my flight.

He told me, "It seems like the United States has run out of jobs,

他跟我說： 「美國感覺好像工作都沒了似的，

because they're just making some up:

因為大家都編出一些職業像是：

cat psychologist, dog whisperer, tornado chaser."

貓咪心理醫生、 狗語專家、追風者。」

A couple of seconds later, he asked me,

然後過了幾秒鐘他問我：

"So what do you do?"

「那你是做什麼的？」

And I was like, "Peacebuilder?"

我說：「和平締造者？」

(Laughter)

（笑聲）

Every day, I work to amplify the voices of women

我每天努力讓女性的聲音 被更多人聽見，

and to highlight their experiences

強調他們經歷和參與

and their participation in peace processes and conflict resolution,

促進和平、化解衝突的事蹟，

and because of my work,

而因為我的工作，

I recognize that the only way to ensure the full participation of women globally

我認知到，要確保婦女在全球 都能夠全面參與的唯一途徑，

is by reclaiming religion.

只有透過收復宗教。

Now, this matter is vitally important to me.

這個議題對我來說至關重要。

As a young Muslim woman, I am very proud of my faith.

做為一個年輕回教女性， 我對我的信仰十分引以為傲。

It gives me the strength and conviction to do my work every day.

它讓我擁有面對 每天工作的力量與信念。

It's the reason I can be here in front of you.

是我能夠站在你們面前的原因。

But I can't overlook the damage that has been done in the name of religion,

但我不能忽視過去 以宗教之名所帶來的傷害，

not just my own, but all of the world's major faiths.

不僅是我的宗教， 還包括全世界所有的主要信仰。

The misrepresentation and misuse and manipulation of religious scripture

曲解和濫用、操弄宗教經文，

has influenced our social and cultural norms,

已經影響了我們的社會和文化規範、

our laws, our daily lives,

我們的法律、我們的日常生活，

to a point where we sometimes don't recognize it.

有時甚至影響到 我們沒發覺的地步。

My parents moved from Libya, North Africa, to Canada

我的父母在八零年代早期，

從北非的利比亞移民到加拿大。

in the early 1980s,

and I am the middle child of 11 children.

而我是十一個小孩中間的一個。

Yes, 11.

沒錯，十一個。

But growing up, I saw my parents,

但是成長過程中我看到我的父母，

both religiously devout and spiritual people,

都是宗教上非常虔誠、 心靈富有的人，

pray and praise God for their blessings,

祈禱並讚美神帶給他們的祝福，

namely me of course, but among others. (Laughter)

也就是我，當然還有其他的事物。 （笑聲）

They were kind and funny and patient,

他們非常仁慈、幽默， 也很有耐心，

limitlessly patient, the kind of patience that having 11 kids forces you to have.

無限的耐心，被十一個小孩 強迫出來的耐心。

And they were fair.

而且他們非常公平。

I was never subjected to religion through a cultural lens.

我從來沒有被他們以 加上文化眼光的宗教來對待。

I was treated the same,

他們對我一視同仁，

the same was expected of me.

對我的要求也相同。

I was never taught that God judged differently based on gender.

我從來沒被教育過 神會因為性別而對人有差別待遇。

And my parents' understanding of God as a merciful and beneficial friend

而我父母理解的神 是一位仁慈的益友與供給者，

and provider shaped the way I looked at the world.

這個觀念塑造了我看待世界的方式。

Now, of course, my upbringing had additional benefits.

當然，我的成長經歷 帶來額外的好處。

Being one of 11 children is Diplomacy 101. (Laughter)

要當十一個小孩之中的一個 簡直是在上外交基礎課。（笑聲）

To this day, I am asked where I went to school,

到現在如果有人問我哪裡畢業的，

like, "Did you go to Kennedy School of Government?"

像是「你是甘迺迪 政府學院畢業的嗎？」

and I look at them and I'm like, "No,

我看看他們然後回答：「不是，

I went to the Murabit School of International Affairs."

我是穆拉比國際關係學院畢業的。」

It's extremely exclusive. You would have to talk to my mom to get in.

非常難進的， 要進去你要跟我媽談。

Lucky for you, she's here.

不過你很幸運，她就在這兒。

But being one of 11 children and having 10 siblings

但是身為十一個小孩之一， 擁有十個兄弟姊妹，

teaches you a lot about power structures and alliances.

能教你許多關於 權力結構和結盟的事。

It teaches you focus; you have to talk fast or say less,

能夠教你如何專注； 你要說快一點或是少一點，

because you will always get cut off.

因為你總是會被打斷。

It teaches you the importance of messaging.

它教你訊息溝通的重要性。

You have to ask questions in the right way to get the answers you know you want,

你必須用正確的方式發問， 才能得到你想要的答案，

and you have to say no in the right way to keep the peace.

你還必須要用正確的方式說不， 才能維持和平。

But the most important lesson I learned growing up

但是成長中我學到最重要的一課，

was the importance of being at the table.

就是要在圓桌擁有一席之地。

When my mom's favorite lamp broke, I had to be there when she was trying

當我媽心愛的檯燈被打破了， 要找出是誰打破的、怎麼發生的，

to find out how and by who, because I had to defend myself,

我必須在場， 因為我必須替我自己辯護，

because if you're not, then the finger is pointed at you,

如果不在場的話， 就會變成眾矢之的。

and before you know it, you will be grounded.

然後你還來不及反應就被禁足了。

I am not speaking from experience, of course.

當然我不是在說我自己的經驗。

When I was 15 in 2005, I completed high school and I moved

2005年我十五歲的時候， 完成了高中學業，

from Canada -- Saskatoon --

然後從加拿大薩克屯

to Zawiya, my parents' hometown in Libya,

搬到我父母在 利比亞的故鄉 ── 扎維耶，

a very traditional city.

一個非常傳統的城市。

Mind you, I had only ever been to Libya before on vacation,

提醒大家，我以前 只去過利比亞度假，

and as a seven-year-old girl, it was magic.

對一個七歲小女孩來說 是非常神奇的經驗。

It was ice cream and trips to the beach and really excited relatives.

有冰淇淋和沙灘旅遊， 還有非常興奮的親戚。

Turns out it's not the same as a 15-year-old young lady.

不過對一個十五歲的 年輕女性來說就不一樣了。

I very quickly became introduced to the cultural aspect of religion.

我很快就接觸到宗教 在文化上的那一面。

The words "haram" -- meaning religiously prohibited --

「Haram」這個字 ── 表示宗教上禁止，

and "aib" -- meaning culturally inappropriate --

還有「Aib」── 表示文化上不適當，

were exchanged carelessly,

兩個字被不經意的調換。

as if they meant the same thing and had the same consequences.

好像這兩個字代表同樣含義、 擁有相同後果。

And I found myself in conversation after conversation with classmates

然後我發現自己無數次

在和同學、同事、教授、 朋友，甚至是和親戚的對話中，

and colleagues, professors, friends, even relatives,

beginning to question my own role and my own aspirations.

開始質疑我自己的原則和志向。

And even with the foundation my parents had provided for me,

甚至就算在我的父母 幫我打下的基礎上，

I found myself questioning the role of women in my faith.

我發現我在質疑自己信仰中 女性所扮演的角色。

So at the Murabit School of International Affairs,

在穆拉比國際關係學院裡，

we go very heavy on the debate,

我們對辯論的訓練很紮實，

and rule number one is do your research, so that's what I did,

第一條規則就是要做好功課， 所以我就去做功課，

and it surprised me how easy it was

然後我很驚訝，

其實非常容易在我的信仰中 找到曾是領導者的女性，

to find women in my faith who were leaders,

who were innovative, who were strong --

或是創新者、非常堅強的女性，

politically, economically, even militarily.

無論是在政治、經濟， 甚至是軍事領域中。

Khadija financed the Islamic movement

海迪徹在伊斯蘭運動 剛起步的時候提供資金，

in its infancy.

We wouldn't be here if it weren't for her.

要是沒有她我們不會在這裡。

So why weren't we learning about her?

那麼我們為什麼沒被教導 關於她的事蹟？

Why weren't we learning about these women?

為什麼我們沒被教導 關於這些女性的事蹟？

Why were women being relegated to positions which predated

為什麼女性的地位

the teachings of our faith?

在我們的信仰教育中被埋沒？

And why, if we are equal in the eyes of God,

還有為什麼，如果 在神的眼裡我們是平等的，

are we not equal in the eyes of men?

為何在男人的眼中 我們不是平等的？

To me, it all came back to the lessons I had learned as a child.

對我來說，全都回歸到 我童年時所學習到的。

The decision maker, the person who gets to control the message,

決策者，也就是 能控制訊息的那個人，

is sitting at the table,

就坐在圓桌前，

and unfortunately, in every single world faith,

很不幸的，世界上的每個宗教裡，

they are not women.

這些人都不是女性。

Religious institutions are dominated by men

宗教組織由男人主導，

and driven by male leadership,

由男性領導者帶動，

and they create policies in their likeness,

他們以自己的形象做為政策方針，

and until we can change the system entirely,

所以在我們能夠完全改變體制前，

then we can't realistically expect to have full economic

我們不可能實際去期待

and political participation of women.

女性能擁有全面的政經參與力。

Our foundation is broken.

我們的基礎是破碎的。

My mom actually says, you can't build a straight house on a crooked foundation.

我媽說過，你不能在歪掉的地基上 蓋出方正的房子。

In 2011, the Libyan revolution broke out, and my family was on the front lines.

2011年利比亞革命爆發， 我的家人就在前線。

And there's this amazing thing that happens in war,

戰爭時發生了非常驚人的事情，

a cultural shift almost, very temporary.

幾乎是一場文化上的轉變， 非常短暫。

And it was the first time that I felt it was not only acceptable

那是我第一次感受到， 我不僅被容許去參與，

for me to be involved, but it was encouraged.

甚至是被鼓勵去參與。

It was demanded.

是被要求的。

Myself and other women had a seat at the table.

我自己還有其他女性， 在圓桌擁有一席之地。

We weren't holding hands or a medium.

我們不是在那裡手牽手 或是當個中間人，

We were part of decision making.

我們參與了決策。

We were information sharing. We were crucial.

我們分享資訊，我們是關鍵。

And I wanted and needed for that change to be permanent.

我想要而且需要那是永久的轉變。

Turns out, that's not that easy.

結果並不如想像中的容易。

It only took a few weeks before the women that I had previously worked with

才幾個星期，

這些和我一起工作的女性 就回到她們原本的角色，

were returning back to their previous roles,

and most of them were driven by words of encouragement

而且她們大部分都是受到

宗教與政治領袖的鼓勵，

from religious and political leaders,

most of whom cited religious scripture as their defense.

這些人多半引用宗教經文 來為自己防禦。

It's how they gained popular support for their opinions.

他們就是用這種方法 取得大眾對他們的支持。

So initially, I focused on the economic and political empowerment of women.

因此，剛開始我致力於賦予女性 政治與經濟上的權力。

I thought that would lead to cultural and social change.

我以為這樣會帶動 文化與社會上的轉變。

It turns out, it does a little, but not a lot.

結果是有一點影響，但是不多。

I decided to use their defense as my offense,

我決定拿他們的防禦工具 來做為我的進攻工具。

and I began to cite and highlight Islamic scripture as well.

我也開始引述和強調伊斯蘭經文。

In 2012 and 2013, my organization led the single largest

在2012年和2013年， 我的組織發動了

and most widespread campaign in Libya.

利比亞最大、範圍也最廣的運動。

We entered homes and schools and universities, even mosques.

我們進入家庭與學校和大學， 甚至清真寺。

We spoke to 50,000 people directly,

我們直接與五萬人對話，

and hundreds of thousands more through billboards and television commercials,

還透過大型看板和電視廣告，

以及廣播與海報去接觸更多人。

radio commercials and posters.

And you're probably wondering how a women's rights organization

你可能會想，一個女權組織

怎麼能在那些以前光是 對我們的存在就很反感的社區

was able to do this in communities which had previously opposed

our sheer existence.

進行這些事情。

I used scripture.

我用經文。

I used verses from the Quran and sayings of the Prophet,

我用古蘭經文與先知的聖訓，

Hadiths, his sayings which are, for example,

先知說過的話，例如，

"The best of you is the best to their family."

「你們之中最好的人是 最善待家人的人。」

"Do not let your brother oppress another."

「不要讓你的兄弟壓迫他人。」

For the first time, Friday sermons led by local community imams

第一次，由當地社區伊瑪目 所帶領的週五講道，

promoted the rights of women.

提倡了女性的人權。

They discussed taboo issues, like domestic violence.

他們討論了像是家庭暴力 這一類的禁忌話題。

Policies were changed.

政策改變了。

In certain communities, we actually had to go as far

在某些社區，我們甚至必須提到

as saying the International Human Rights Declaration,

國際人權宣言，

你們反對， 因為不是宗教學家寫的，

which you opposed because it wasn't written by religious scholars,

well, those same principles are in our book.

但其實我們的書上有同樣的原則。

So really, the United Nations just copied us.

所以實際上，聯合國是抄我們的。

By changing the message, we were able to provide

藉著訊息的轉變，

an alternative narrative which promoted the rights of women in Libya.

我們得以提供另一種敘事角度， 提倡利比亞的女權。

It's something that has now been replicated internationally,

這樣的方式現在開始 在國際上被複製。

and while I am not saying it's easy -- believe me, it's not.

我不是在說這有多容易 ── 相信我，一點也不容易。

Liberals will say you're using religion and call you a bad conservative.

自由派會說你是在利用宗教， 然後說你是糟糕的保守派。

Conservatives will call you a lot of colorful things.

保守派又有其他 各式各樣的說詞來罵你。

I've heard everything from, "Your parents must be extremely ashamed of you" --

我什麼都聽過， 從「你的父母一定非常以你為恥」──

false; they're my biggest fans --

錯，他們是我的頭號粉絲 ──

to "You will not make it to your next birthday" --

到「你不會活過下一個生日」──

again wrong, because I did.

又錯了，因為我過了。

And I remain

而我一直堅信，

a very strong believer that women's rights and religion are not mutually exclusive.

女權與宗教並非互相排斥。

But we have to be at the table.

但是我們必須在圓桌上 擁有一席之地。

We have to stop giving up our position, because by remaining silent,

我們必須停止放棄自己的地位， 因為如果繼續沉默，

we allow for the continued persecution and abuse of women worldwide.

我們就是容許全世界 繼續迫害和虐待女性。

By saying that we're going to fight for women's rights

藉由宣示我們要爭取女權，

and fight extremism with bombs and warfare,

打擊使用炸彈、發動戰爭的 極端主義者，

we completely cripple local societies which need to address these issues

我們就能完全癱瘓那些 要藉由強調這類議題，

so that they're sustainable.

才能繼續生存的地方社群。

It is not easy, challenging distorted religious messaging.

這並不容易， 去挑戰扭曲的宗教訊息。

You will have your fair share of insults and ridicule and threats.

你會碰到很多的侮辱、 嘲諷和威脅。

But we have to do it.

但是這是我們必須做的。

We have no other option than to reclaim the message of human rights,

我們別無選擇， 必須收復人權的訊息溝通，

the principles of our faith,

我們信仰的原則，

not for us, not for the women in your families,

不是為了我們， 不是為了你家中的女性，

not for the women in this room,

不是為了這間講廳裡的女性，

not even for the women out there,

甚至不是為了社會上的女性，

but for societies that would be transformed

而是為了一個由於女性的參與

with the participation of women.

而轉變的社會。

And the only way we can do that,

我們唯一能用的方法，

our only option,

我們的唯一選擇，

is to be, and remain, at the table.

就是在圓桌上、持續的、 擁有一席之地。

Thank you.

謝謝你們。

（掌聲）

(Applause)