Why our screens make us less happy | Adam Alter

Prevodilac: Ivana Krivokuća Lektor: Tijana Mihajlović

So, a few years ago I heard an interesting rumor.

Pre nekoliko godina, čuo sam zanimljivu glasinu.

Navodno, šef velike kompanije hrane za kućne ljubimce

Apparently, the head of a large pet food company

would go into the annual shareholder's meeting

išao bi na godišnji sastanak akcionara sa konzervom hrane za pse

with can of dog food.

And he would eat the can of dog food.

i pojeo bi tu konzervu hrane za pse.

And this was his way of convincing them that if it was good enough for him,

To je bio njegov način da ih ubedi u to da, ako je dobra za njega,

dobra je i za njihove ljubimce.

it was good enough for their pets.

This strategy is now known as "dogfooding,"

Strategija je sada poznata kao „jedenje pseće hrane“

and it's a common strategy in the business world.

i uobičajena je strategija u poslovnom svetu.

It doesn't mean everyone goes in and eats dog food,

To ne znači da svi jedu pseću hranu,

već da poslovni ljudi koriste svoje proizvode

but businesspeople will use their own products

kako bi demonstrirali

to demonstrate that they feel --

that they're confident in them.

da imaju poverenja u njih.

Now, this is a widespread practice,

Ovo je široko rasprostranjena praksa,

but I think what's really interesting is when you find exceptions

ali mislim da je veoma zanimljivo kada pronađete izuzetke ovom pravilu,

to this rule,

kada pronađete slučajeve firmi ili ljudi u firmama

when you find cases of businesses or people in businesses

koji ne koriste svoje proizvode.

who don't use their own products.

Ispostavilo se da postoji jedna delatnost gde se to učestalo dešava,

Turns out there's one industry where this happens in a common way,

prilično redovno,

in a pretty regular way,

a to je tehnološka industrija zasnovana na ekranima.

and that is the screen-based tech industry.

So, in 2010, Steve Jobs, when he was releasing the iPad,

Tako je 2010. godine Stiv Džobs, kada je puštao Ajped u prodaju,

described the iPad as a device that was "extraordinary."

opisao Ajped kao napravu koja je „izvanredna“.

"The best browsing experience you've ever had;

„Najbolje pretraživanje koje ste ikada iskusili;

way better than a laptop, way better than a smartphone.

mnogo bolji od laptopa, mnogo bolji od pametnog telefona.

It's an incredible experience."

To je neverovatno iskustvo.“

Par meseci kasnije, obratio mu se novinar iz Njujork Tajmsa

A couple of months later, he was approached by a journalist

from the New York Times,

i dugo su razgovarali telefonom.

and they had a long phone call.

At the end of the call,

Na kraju poziva,

the journalist threw in a question that seemed like a sort of softball.

novinar je ubacio pitanje koje je delovalo lagano.

Rekao mu je: „Mora da vaša deca obožavaju Ajped.“

He said to him, "Your kids must love the iPad."

There's an obvious answer to this,

Odgovor na to je očigledan,

ali ono što je Džobs rekao zaista je zapanjilo novinara.

but what Jobs said really staggered the journalist.

He was very surprised,

Bio je veoma iznenađen,

because he said, "They haven't used it.

jer je rekao: „Nisu ga koristila.

We limit how much technology our kids use at home."

Ograničavamo količinu tehnologije koju naša deca koriste kod kuće.“

This is a very common thing in the tech world.

Ovo je veoma uobičajena stvar u svetu tehnologije.

In fact, there's a school quite near Silicon Valley

Zapravo, postoji škola prilično blizu Silicijumske doline

called the Waldorf School of the Peninsula,

pod imenom Poluostrvska valdorfska škola,

and they don't introduce screens until the eighth grade.

a oni ne uvode ekrane do osmog razreda.

What's really interesting about the school

U vezi sa ovom školom je veoma zanimljivo

is that 75 percent of the kids who go there

da 75 posto dece koja tamo idu ima roditelje

have parents who are high-level Silicon Valley tech execs.

koji su rukovodioci u oblasti tehnologije na visokom nivou u Silicijumskoj dolini.

So when I heard about this, I thought it was interesting and surprising,

Stoga kada sam čuo za ovo, pomislio sam da je zanimljivo i iznenađujuće,

and it pushed me to consider what screens were doing to me

i nateralo me je da razmotrim šta ekrani rade meni,

and to my family and the people I loved,

mojoj porodici i ljudima koje volim,

and to people at large.

kao i ljudima uopšte.

So for the last five years,

Tako sam poslednjih pet godina,

as a professor of business and psychology,

kao profesor poslovanja i psihologije,

I've been studying the effect of screens on our lives.

izučavao dejstvo ekrana na naš život.

And I want to start by just focusing on how much time they take from us,

Želim da započnem jednostavno fokusom na to koliko nam vremena oduzimaju,

and then we can talk about what that time looks like.

a onda možemo da govorimo o tome kako to vreme izgleda.

What I'm showing you here is the average 24-hour workday

Ovde vam pokazujem prosečan radni dan od 24 časa

at three different points in history:

u tri različita momenta u istoriji:

2007 -- 10 years ago --

2007. godine - pre 10 godina -

2015

2015. godine

and then data that I collected, actually, only last week.

i zatim, podaci koje sam prikupio, zapravo, tek prošle nedelje.

And a lot of things haven't changed

Mnogo stvari se nije toliko promenilo.

all that much.

We sleep roughly seven-and-a-half to eight hours a day;

Spavamo otprilike sedam i po do osam sati dnevno;

some people say that's declined slightly, but it hasn't changed much.

neki ljudi kažu da se to malo smanjilo, ali nije se promenilo naročito.

We work eight-and-a-half to nine hours a day.

Radimo osam i po do devet sati dnevno.

We engage in survival activities --

Bavimo se aktivnostima preživljavanja -

these are things like eating and bathing and looking after kids --

to su stvari kao što su hrana, kupanje i briga o deci -

oko tri sata dnevno.

about three hours a day.

That leaves this white space.

To ostavlja ovaj beli prostor.

That's our personal time.

To je naše lično vreme.

That space is incredibly important to us.

Taj prostor nam je neverovatno važan.

To je prostor u kome radimo stvari koje nas čine pojedincima.

That's the space where we do things that make us individuals.

To je prostor gde se odvijaju hobiji, gde održavamo bliske odnose,

That's where hobbies happen, where we have close relationships,

gde zaista razmišljamo o svom životu, gde smo kreativni,

where we really think about our lives, where we get creative,

gde se izmaknemo unazad i pokušavamo da otkrijemo

where we zoom back and try to work out

whether our lives have been meaningful.

da li nam je život smislen.

We get some of that from work as well,

Naravno, nešto od toga dobijamo i na poslu,

but when people look back on their lives

ali kada se ljudi osvrnu na svoj život

and wonder what their lives have been like

i zapitaju se kakav im je život bio

at the end of their lives,

na kraju svog života,

you look at the last things they say --

gledate poslednju stvar koju navode -

govore o onim trenucima koji se dogode u tom belom ličnom prostoru.

they are talking about those moments that happen in that white personal space.

Zato predstavlja svetinju; važan nam je.

So it's sacred; it's important to us.

Now, what I'm going to do is show you

Pokazaću vam koliko tog prostora

how much of that space is taken up by screens across time.

oduzimaju ekrani, kroz vreme.

In 2007,

Godine 2007,

this much.

ovoliko.

To je bila godina kada je Epl izbacio prvi Ajfon.

That was the year that Apple introduced the first iPhone.

Eight years later,

Osam godina kasnije,

ovoliko.

this much.

Sada, ovoliko.

Now, this much.

That's how much time we spend of that free time in front of our screens.

Toliko od našeg slobodnog vremena provodimo ispred ekrana.

This yellow area, this thin sliver, is where the magic happens.

Ova žuta oblast, taj tanki komadić, mesto je gde se dešava čarolija.

That's where your humanity lives.

Tu leži vaša čovečnost.

A u ovom trenutku nalazi se u vrlo malom prostoru.

And right now, it's in a very small box.

So what do we do about this?

Šta da uradimo u vezi sa time?

Well, the first question is:

Pa, prvo pitanje je kako izgleda taj crveni prostor.

What does that red space look like?

Now, of course, screens are miraculous

Naravno, ekrani su čudesni

in a lot of ways.

na mnogo načina.

I live in New York,

Ja živim u Njujorku,

a lot of my family lives in Australia,

veliki deo moje porodice živi u Australiji,

and I have a one-year-old son.

a imam sina starog godinu dana.

The way I've been able to introduce them to him is with screens.

Ekrani su mi omogućili način da im ga predstavim.

I couldn't have done that 15 or 20 years ago

To nisam mogao da uradim pre 15 ili 20 godina

in quite the same way.

na sasvim isti način.

So there's a lot of good that comes from them.

Dakle, dosta dobrih stvari ide uz njih.

One thing you can do is ask yourself:

Ono što možete je da se zapitate

What goes on during that time?

šta se dešava tokom tog vremena.

How enriching are the apps that we're using?

Koliko obogaćuju aplikacije koje koristimo?

And some are enriching.

A neke obogaćuju.

If you stop people while they're using them and say,

Ako zaustavite ljude dok ih koriste i kažete:

"Tell us how you feel right now,"

„Recite kako se osećate u ovom momentu“,

they say they feel pretty good about these apps --

kažu da se prilično dobro osećaju vezano za te aplikacije -

those that focus on relaxation, exercise, weather, reading,

one koje su usmerene na opuštanje, vežbanje, vreme, čitanje,

education and health.

obrazovanje i zdravlje.

They spend an average of nine minutes a day on each of these.

Provode u proseku devet minuta dnevno na svaku od njih.

These apps make them much less happy.

Ove aplikacije ih čine mnogo manje srećnim.

About half the people, when you interrupt them and say, "How do you feel?"

Oko polovine ljudi, kada ih prekinete i kažete: „Kako se osećate?“,

say they don't feel good about using them.

kaže da se ne oseća dobro u vezi sa njihovim korišćenjem.

What's interesting about these --

Zanimljivo je u vezi sa njima -

dating, social networking, gaming,

upoznavanje, društveno umrežavanje,

igre, zabava, vesti, pretraživanje interneta -

entertainment, news, web browsing --

people spend 27 minutes a day on each of these.

ljudi provode 27 minuta dnevno na svakoj od njih.

We're spending three times longer on the apps that don't make us happy.

Trošimo tri puta više vremena na aplikacije koje nas ne čine srećnim.

That doesn't seem very wise.

To ne deluje baš mudro.

One of the reasons we spend so much time on these apps

Jedan od razloga zašto provodimo toliko vremena na aplikacije

that make us unhappy

koje nas čine nesrećnim

is they rob us of stopping cues.

je taj da nam oduzimaju znake za zaustavljanje.

Stopping cues were everywhere in the 20th century.

Znaci za zaustavljanje su bili svuda u 20. veku.

They were baked into everything we did.

Bili su u sklopu svega što smo radili.

A stopping cue is basically a signal that it's time to move on,

Znak za zaustavljanje je u suštini signal da je vreme da se krene dalje,

to do something new, to do something different.

da se uradi nešto novo, nešto drugačije.

And -- think about newspapers; eventually you get to the end,

Razmislite o novinama; na kraju dođete do kraja,

you fold the newspaper away, you put it aside.

sklopite novine, sklonite ih na stranu.

The same with magazines, books -- you get to the end of a chapter,

Isto je sa časopisima, knjigama - stignete do kraja poglavlja,

navodi vas da razmotrite da li želite da nastavite.

prompts you to consider whether you want to continue.

You watched a show on TV, eventually the show would end,

Gledate emisiju na televiziji, na kraju bi se ona završila

i imali biste nedelju dana do sledeće.

and then you'd have a week until the next one came.

Znaci za zaustavljanje su bili svuda.

There were stopping cues everywhere.

Način na koji danas konzumiramo medije je takav da nema znakova za zaustavljanje.

But the way we consume media today is such that there are no stopping cues.

The news feed just rolls on,

Pregled vesti se samo odvija

and everything's bottomless: Twitter, Facebook, Instagram,

i sve je beskrajno: Tviter, Fejsbuk, Instagram,

email, text messaging, the news.

imejl, tekstualne poruke, vesti.

And when you do check all sorts of other sources,

Kada proverite razne izvore,

you can just keep going on and on and on.

možete tako u nedogled.

So, we can get a cue about what to do from Western Europe,

Možemo naći smernice za postupanje u Zapadnoj Evropi,

where they seem to have a number of pretty good ideas in the workplace.

gde izgleda da imaju veliki broj prilično dobrih ideja na radnom mestu.

Here's one example. This is a Dutch design firm.

Evo jednog primera. Ovo je holandska firma za dizajn.

And what they've done is rigged the desks to the ceiling.

Oni su prikačili stolove za plafon.

And at 6pm every day,

U šest sati popodne svakoga dana,

it doesn't matter who you're emailing or what you're doing,

bez obzira na to kome šaljete imejl ili šta god da radite,

the desks rise to the ceiling.

stolovi se podižu do plafona.

(Laughter)

(Smeh)

(Applause)

(Aplauz)

Four days a week, the space turns into a yoga studio,

Četiri dana nedeljno, prostor postaje studio za jogu,

one day a week, into a dance club.

a jednom nedeljno u plesni klub.

Na vama je zbog čega ćete ostati.

It's really up to you which ones you stick around for.

But this is a great stopping rule,

Ali ovo je sjajno pravilo za zaustavljanje,

because it means at the end of the day,

jer znači da na kraju dana

sve prestaje i nema načina da se radi.

everything stops, there's no way to work.

U Dajmleru, nemačkoj kompaniji automobila, imaju još jednu odličnu strategiju.

At Daimler, the German car company, they've got another great strategy.

When you go on vacation,

Kada odete na odmor,

instead of saying, "This person's on vacation,

umesto da kažu: „Osoba je na odmoru i javiće vam se u nekom trenutku“,

they'll get back to you eventually,"

oni kažu: „Ova osoba je na odmoru, tako da smo obrisali vaš imejl.

they say, "This person's on vacation, so we've deleted your email.

This person will never see the email you just sent."

Ova osoba nikada neće videti imejl koji ste upravo poslali.“

(Laughter)

(Smeh)

"You can email back in a couple of weeks,

„Možete poslati imejl za par nedelja,

or you can email someone else."

ili ga možete poslati nekom drugom.“

(Laughter)

(Smeh)

And so --

I tako -

(Applause)

(Aplauz)

You can imagine what that's like.

Možete zamisliti kako to izgleda.

You go on vacation, and you're actually on vacation.

Odete na odmor i zaista ste na odmoru.

The people who work at this company feel

Ljudi koji rade u ovoj kompaniji imaju osećaj

that they actually get a break from work.

da zaista prave pauzu od posla.

But of course, that doesn't tell us much

Naravno, to nam ne govori naročito

o tome šta bi trebalo da radimo kod kuće u našem životu,

about what we should do at home in our own lives,

so I want to make some suggestions.

pa bih želeo da iznesem neke predloge.

It's easy to say, between 5 and 6pm, I'm going to not use my phone.

Lako je reći da između pet i šest popodne nećete koristiti telefon.

The problem is, 5 and 6pm looks different on different days.

Problem je u tome što pet i šest popodne izgledaju drugačije različitim danima.

I think a far better strategy is to say,

Mislim da je mnogo bolja strategija reći

I do certain things every day,

da radim određene stvari svakog dana,

there are certain occasions that happen every day,

postoje izvesne situacije koje se dešavaju svakodnevno,

like eating dinner.

kao što je večeravanje.

Sometimes I'll be alone,

Ponekad sam sam,

sometimes with other people,

ponekad sa drugim ljudima,

sometimes in a restaurant,

ponekad u restoranu,

sometimes at home,

ponekad kod kuće,

but the rule that I've adopted is: I will never use my phone at the table.

ali pravilo koje sam usvojio

je da nikada neću koristiti telefon za stolom.

It's far away,

Udaljen je,

as far away as possible.

što dalje moguće.

Because we're really bad at resisting temptation.

Zato što nam veoma loše ide odolevanje iskušenju.

But when you have a stopping cue that, every time dinner begins,

A kada imate znak za zaustavljanje da, svaki put kada večera počne,

my phone goes far away,

telefon odlazi daleko,

you avoid temptation all together.

u potpunosti izbegnete iskušenje.

At first, it hurts.

Ovo boli u početku.

I had massive FOMO.

Imao sam ogroman strah da ću nešto propustiti.

(Laughter)

(Smeh)

I struggled.

Mučio sam se.

But what happens is, you get used to it.

No, naviknete se.

Prevaziđete simptome kriziranja isto kao što biste i kod droge,

You overcome the withdrawal the same way you would from a drug,

and what happens is, life becomes more colorful, richer,

a ono što se dogodi je da život postaje raznobojniji, bogatiji,

zanimljiviji -

more interesting --

you have better conversations.

vodite bolje razgovore.

You really connect with the people who are there with you.

Zaista se povežete sa ljudima koji su tu sa vama.

I think it's a fantastic strategy,

Mislim da je to fantastična strategija

and we know it works, because when people do this --

i znamo da deluje, jer kada ljudi ovo rade -

a pratio sam mnogo ljudi koji su ovo isprobali -

and I've tracked a lot of people who have tried this --

širi se.

it expands.

They feel so good about it,

Toliko imaju dobar osećaj zbog toga

da počnu to da rade izjutra, prvog časa u danu.

they start doing it for the first hour of the day in the morning.

Počnu da postavljaju telefon na režim rada u avionu tokom vikenda.

They start putting their phones on airplane mode on the weekend.

That way, your phone remains a camera, but it's no longer a phone.

Tako vaš telefon ostaje kamera, ali više nije telefon.

It's a really powerful idea,

To je zaista moćna ideja,

and we know people feel much better about their lives when they do this.

i znamo da se ljudi mnogo bolje osećaju u svom životu kada to rade.

So what's the take home here?

Koju poentu treba ovde izvući?

Screens are miraculous; I've already said that,

Ekrani su čudesni; već sam to rekao

and I feel that it's true.

i smatram da je to istina.

Ali način na koji ih koristimo je poput vožnje niz veoma brz i dug put,

But the way we use them is a lot like driving down a really fast, long road,

and you're in a car where the accelerator is mashed to the floor,

a vi ste u automobilu u kome je pedala za gas zakucana za pod

it's kind of hard to reach the brake pedal.

i teško je dohvatiti kočnicu.

You've got a choice.

Imate izbor.

You can either glide by, past, say, the beautiful ocean scenes

Možete prolaziti pored, recimo, predivnih prizora okeana

and take snaps out the window -- that's the easy thing to do --

i fotografisati kroz prozor - to je lako uraditi -

or you can go out of your way to move the car to the side of the road,

ili se možete potruditi da pomerite auto na stranu puta,

to push that brake pedal,

pritisnete tu kočnicu,

to get out,

izađete,

take off your shoes and socks,

skinete cipele i čarape,

take a couple of steps onto the sand,

krenete par koraka do peska,

feel what the sand feels like under your feet,

osetite pesak pod stopalima,

walk to the ocean,

prošetate do okeana

and let the ocean lap at your ankles.

i dopustite da vam okean zapljusne članke.

Your life will be richer and more meaningful

Vaš život će biti bogatiji i smisleniji

because you breathe in that experience,

zato što ste uneli u sebe to iskustvo

and because you've left your phone in the car.

i zato što ste ostavili telefon u autu.

Thank you.

Hvala.

(Applause)

(Aplauz)