Why our screens make us less happy | Adam Alter

Prevoditelj: Sanda L Recezent: Anja Kolobarić

So, a few years ago I heard an interesting rumor.

Prije nekoliko godina čuo sam zanimljivu glasinu.

Apparently, the head of a large pet food company

Čelnik velike kompanije hrane za kućne ljubimce

would go into the annual shareholder's meeting

išao bi na godišnji sastanak dioničara

with can of dog food.

noseći konzervu pseće hrane.

And he would eat the can of dog food.

I jeo bi tu hranu iz konzerve.

And this was his way of convincing them that if it was good enough for him,

Bio je to njegov način da ih uvjeri, ako je hrana dobra za njega,

dobra je i za njihove kućne ljubimce.

it was good enough for their pets.

This strategy is now known as "dogfooding,"

Ova strategija korištenja vlastitih proizvoda,

and it's a common strategy in the business world.

uobičajena je strategija u poslovnom svijetu.

It doesn't mean everyone goes in and eats dog food,

To ne znači da svi dolaze i jednu pseću hranu,

već poslovni ljudi koriste svoje proizvode

but businesspeople will use their own products

to demonstrate that they feel --

kako bi pokazali

that they're confident in them.

da vjeruju u njih.

Now, this is a widespread practice,

Dakle, to je vrlo raširena praksa,

but I think what's really interesting is when you find exceptions

no vrlo je zanimljivo kada nađete iznimke

tog pravila,

to this rule,

kada nađete primjere poslovanja ili ljudi u poslovnom svijetu

when you find cases of businesses or people in businesses

koji ne koriste vlastite proizvode.

who don't use their own products.

Izgleda da postoji jedna industrija gdje je to uobičajeno

Turns out there's one industry where this happens in a common way,

i prilično redovito,

in a pretty regular way,

a to je industrija tehnoloških uređaja.

and that is the screen-based tech industry.

So, in 2010, Steve Jobs, when he was releasing the iPad,

Tako je 2010. godine Steve Jobs, kada je pustio u prodaju iPad,

described the iPad as a device that was "extraordinary."

opisao kao "izvanredan" uređaj."

"The best browsing experience you've ever had;

" Najbolje iskustvo pretraživanja koje ste ikada imali,

way better than a laptop, way better than a smartphone.

daleko bolje od prijenosnog računala i pametnog telefona.

It's an incredible experience."

Nevjerojatno iskustvo."

Nekoliko mjeseci kasnije kontaktirao ga je novinar

A couple of months later, he was approached by a journalist

from the New York Times,

New York Timesa,

i vodili su dugi telefonski razgovor.

and they had a long phone call.

At the end of the call,

I na kraju razgovora novinar je

the journalist threw in a question that seemed like a sort of softball.

ubacio pitanje koje se činilo vrlo jednostavnim.

Rekao mu je: "Vaša djeca vjerojatno jako vole iPad."

He said to him, "Your kids must love the iPad."

There's an obvious answer to this,

Odgovor na ovo je bio očit,

no, ono što je Jobs rekao zaista je iznenadilo novinara.

but what Jobs said really staggered the journalist.

He was very surprised,

Bio je vrlo iznenađen,

because he said, "They haven't used it.

jer mu je rekao: "Nisu ga koristili.

We limit how much technology our kids use at home."

Kod kuće ograničavamo djeci korištenje tehnologije."

This is a very common thing in the tech world.

Ovo je vrlo uobičajeno u tehnološkom svijetu.

In fact, there's a school quite near Silicon Valley

Zapravo, postoji škola vrlo blizu Silicijske doline,

called the Waldorf School of the Peninsula,

pod imenom Waldorf School of the Peninsula,

and they don't introduce screens until the eighth grade.

u kojoj se ne koriste uređaji sa zaslonima do 8. razreda.

What's really interesting about the school

Ono zanimljivo u vezi s tom školom je,

is that 75 percent of the kids who go there

da 75 % djece koja je pohađa

have parents who are high-level Silicon Valley tech execs.

ima roditelje koji su visoko pozicionirani u tehnološkom svijetu Silicijske doline.

So when I heard about this, I thought it was interesting and surprising,

I kada sam čuo za to, pomislio sam koliko je to zanimljivo i iznenađujuće,

and it pushed me to consider what screens were doing to me

što me potaklo da razmislim kako svi ti zasloni utječu na mene,

and to my family and the people I loved,

na moju obitelj i ljude koje volim,

and to people at large.

kao i na ljude općenito.

So for the last five years,

Stoga sam proteklih pet godina,

as a professor of business and psychology,

kao profesor ekonomije i psihologije,

I've been studying the effect of screens on our lives.

proučavao utjecaj zaslona na naše živote.

And I want to start by just focusing on how much time they take from us,

I želim započeti s činjenicom da nam oduzimaju puno vremena,

and then we can talk about what that time looks like.

a onda možemo vidjeti i kako to vrijeme izgleda.

What I'm showing you here is the average 24-hour workday

Ovo je prosječan 24-satni radni dan

at three different points in history:

za tri različite točke u prošlosti:

2007 -- 10 years ago --

2007, prije 10 godina,

2015

2015.

and then data that I collected, actually, only last week.

a zatim podaci koje sam sakupio, i to samo prošli tjedan.

And a lot of things haven't changed

Mnogo stvari nije se promijenilo

all that much.

toliko.

We sleep roughly seven-and-a-half to eight hours a day;

Spavamo oko 7,5 do 8 sati dnevno,

some people say that's declined slightly, but it hasn't changed much.

neki će reći da se to lagano smanjilo, no nije mnogo.

We work eight-and-a-half to nine hours a day.

Radimo 8,5 do 9 sati dnevno.

We engage in survival activities --

Obavljamo nužne aktivnosti

these are things like eating and bathing and looking after kids --

to su stvari poput jedenja, kupanja, brige oko djece,

about three hours a day.

oko 3 sata dnevno.

That leaves this white space.

I preostaje ovaj bijeli prostor.

That's our personal time.

Ovo je naše privatno vrijeme.

That space is incredibly important to us.

Ovo vrijeme nam je neizmjerno važno.

To je prostor u kojem činimo stvari koje se tiču nas kao pojedinaca,

That's the space where we do things that make us individuals.

That's where hobbies happen, where we have close relationships,

to je vrijeme za hobije, za bliske odnose s drugima,

where we really think about our lives, where we get creative,

kada zaista mislimo na svoj život, kada smo kreativni,

kada razmišljamo unatrag i pokušavamo ustanoviti

where we zoom back and try to work out

whether our lives have been meaningful.

imamo li smislen život.

We get some of that from work as well,

Nešto od toga odnosi se i na posao,

but when people look back on their lives

no kada ljudi razmisle o svom životu

and wonder what their lives have been like

i zapitaju se kakav je on bio

at the end of their lives,

na kraju života,

you look at the last things they say --

gledate ono što zadnje govore...

govore o trenucima koji su se dogodili u tom bijelom, osobnom prostoru.

they are talking about those moments that happen in that white personal space.

Taj dio je svet, važan nam je.

So it's sacred; it's important to us.

Now, what I'm going to do is show you

Sada ću vam pokazati

koliko je tog prostora potrošeno ispred zaslona uređaja, kroz vrijeme.

how much of that space is taken up by screens across time.

In 2007,

2007.

this much.

ovoliko.

That was the year that Apple introduced the first iPhone.

Te godine je Apple predstavio prvi iPhone.

Eight years later,

Osam godina kasnije,

this much.

ovoliko.

Now, this much.

Danas, ovoliko.

That's how much time we spend of that free time in front of our screens.

Ovoliko svog slobodnog vremena provedemo ispred zaslona.

This yellow area, this thin sliver, is where the magic happens.

Ovaj tanki žuti dio, tu kreće čarolija.

That's where your humanity lives.

Tu se nalazi vaša čovječnost.

And right now, it's in a very small box.

A ona je trenutno u vrlo malom prostoru.

So what do we do about this?

I što da učinimo s time?

Well, the first question is:

Prvo pitanje je:

Kako izgleda to crveno područje?

What does that red space look like?

Now, of course, screens are miraculous

Naravno, zasloni su čudesni

in a lot of ways.

na mnogo načina.

I live in New York,

Živim u New Yorku,

a lot of my family lives in Australia,

a mnogo moje obitelji živi u Australiji

and I have a one-year-old son.

i imam jednogodišnjeg sina.

The way I've been able to introduce them to him is with screens.

Mogao sam ih upoznati jedino preko ekrana.

I couldn't have done that 15 or 20 years ago

To ne bih mogao prije 15 ili 20 godina

in quite the same way.

na isti način.

So there's a lot of good that comes from them.

I zato u ovome ima i puno dobroga.

One thing you can do is ask yourself:

Možete se zapitati jednu stvar:

What goes on during that time?

Što se odvija tijekom tog vremena?

How enriching are the apps that we're using?

Koliko nas obogaćuju aplikacije koje koristimo?

And some are enriching.

A neke zaista tako i utječu.

If you stop people while they're using them and say,

Ako ljude zaustavite dok ih koriste i kažete im

"Tell us how you feel right now,"

"Recite nam kako se sada osjećate"

they say they feel pretty good about these apps --

reći će da se osjećaju prilično dobro koristeći one,

those that focus on relaxation, exercise, weather, reading,

vezane za opuštanje, vježbanje, prognozu vremena, čitanje,

education and health.

obrazovanje i zdravlje.

They spend an average of nine minutes a day on each of these.

Prosječno na svaku od tih aplikacija potroše oko 9 minuta dnevno.

These apps make them much less happy.

Ove aplikacije čine ih manje sretnima.

About half the people, when you interrupt them and say, "How do you feel?"

Oko polovice ljudi, kada ih prekinete i pitate "Kako se osjećate?"

say they don't feel good about using them.

kažu da se ne osjećaju dobro koristeći ih.

What's interesting about these --

No, na te aplikacije

dating, social networking, gaming,

za traženje partnera, društvene mreže, igrice,

entertainment, news, web browsing --

zabavu, vijesti, pretraživanje

people spend 27 minutes a day on each of these.

ljudi dnevno na svaku od njih potroše oko 27 minuta.

We're spending three times longer on the apps that don't make us happy.

Trošimo tri puta više vremena na aplikacije koje nas ne čine sretnima.

That doesn't seem very wise.

To se baš ne čini previše mudro.

One of the reasons we spend so much time on these apps

Jedan od razloga što provodimo toliko vremena na njih,

koje nas ne čine sretnima,

that make us unhappy

is they rob us of stopping cues.

je to što nam kradu točku prekida.

Stopping cues were everywhere in the 20th century.

Točke prekida bile su posvuda u 20. stoljeću.

They were baked into everything we did.

Bile su dio svega što smo radili.

A stopping cue is basically a signal that it's time to move on,

Točka prekida je, zapravo, signal da trebamo prijeći

to do something new, to do something different.

na nešto novo, raditi nešto drugo.

And -- think about newspapers; eventually you get to the end,

I... sjetite se novina, nakon nekog vremena ih pročitate,

you fold the newspaper away, you put it aside.

preklopite i odložite u stranu.

The same with magazines, books -- you get to the end of a chapter,

Isto je i s časopisima, knjigama, dođete do kraja poglavlja,

prompts you to consider whether you want to continue.

što vas navodi da razmislite želite li nastaviti.

You watched a show on TV, eventually the show would end,

Gledali biste neku TV emisiju, nakon nekog vremena ona završava,

and then you'd have a week until the next one came.

i onda imate tjedan dana do sljedećeg nastavka.

There were stopping cues everywhere.

Točke prekida postojale su posvuda.

But the way we consume media today is such that there are no stopping cues.

No, danas koristimo medije na način gdje tog prekida nema.

The news feed just rolls on,

Vijesti se neprestano objavljuju,

and everything's bottomless: Twitter, Facebook, Instagram,

i sve ide bez prestanka, Twitter, Facebook, Instagram,

email, text messaging, the news.

elektronička pošta, SMS-ovi, vijesti.

And when you do check all sorts of other sources,

I kada provjeravate i sve vrste drugih izvora,

you can just keep going on and on and on.

samo idete dalje, i dalje, i dalje.

So, we can get a cue about what to do from Western Europe,

Možemo dobiti ideju što učiniti iz zapadne Europe

where they seem to have a number of pretty good ideas in the workplace.

gdje imaju mnogo dobrih ideja za radno okruženje.

Evo jednog primjera. Ovo je nizozemska tvrtka za dizajn.

Here's one example. This is a Dutch design firm.

And what they've done is rigged the desks to the ceiling.

Oni su smjestiti stolove na strop

And at 6pm every day,

i u 6 popodne svakog dana,

it doesn't matter who you're emailing or what you're doing,

bez obzira kome šaljete email, što radite,

stolovi se podižu na strop.

the desks rise to the ceiling.

(Laughter)

(Smijeh)

(Applause)

(Pljesak)

Four days a week, the space turns into a yoga studio,

Četiri dana u tjednu prostor se pretvara u studio za jogu,

one day a week, into a dance club.

jedan dan u tjednu u plesni klub.

It's really up to you which ones you stick around for.

Samo o vama ovisi što ćete od toga odabrati.

But this is a great stopping rule,

No, ovo je odlično pravilo kako prestati

because it means at the end of the day,

jer to znači da na kraju dana

everything stops, there's no way to work.

sve staje, ne može se više raditi.

At Daimler, the German car company, they've got another great strategy.

U Daimleru, njemačkoj auto-kompaniji, imaju jednu drugu odličnu strategiju.

When you go on vacation,

Kada idete na godišnji odmor,

instead of saying, "This person's on vacation,

umjesto poruke "Ova osoba je na odmoru,

they'll get back to you eventually,"

javit će vam se nakon nekog vremena"

they say, "This person's on vacation, so we've deleted your email.

oni koriste, "Ova je osoba na odmoru, stoga smo izbrisali vašu poruku."

This person will never see the email you just sent."

Ova osoba nikada neće vidjeti poruku koju ste upravo poslali."

(Laughter)

(Smijeh)

"You can email back in a couple of weeks,

"Možete se javiti ponovo za nekoliko tjedana,

or you can email someone else."

ili poslati poruku nekom drugom."

(Laughter)

(Smijeh)

And so --

I tako...

(Applause)

(Pljesak)

You can imagine what that's like.

Možete zamisliti kako to izgleda.

You go on vacation, and you're actually on vacation.

Odete na odmor i zaista ste na odmoru.

The people who work at this company feel

Ljudi koji tamo rade osjećaju

that they actually get a break from work.

da zaista dobivaju odmor od posla.

But of course, that doesn't tell us much

No, naravno, to nam ne govori mnogo

što trebamo raditi kod kuće, u vlastitom životu,

about what we should do at home in our own lives,

so I want to make some suggestions.

stoga želim nešto predložiti.

It's easy to say, between 5 and 6pm, I'm going to not use my phone.

Lako je reći, između 5 i 6 popodne neću koristiti svoj telefon.

The problem is, 5 and 6pm looks different on different days.

Problem je što 5 i 6 popodne izgledaju različito u različite dane.

I think a far better strategy is to say,

Mislim da je mnogo bolje reći,

I do certain things every day,

radim određene stvari svaki dan,

there are certain occasions that happen every day,

postoje neke aktivnosti koje su svakodnevne,

like eating dinner.

poput večere.

Sometimes I'll be alone,

Ponekad ću biti sam,

sometimes with other people,

ponekad s drugim ljudima,

sometimes in a restaurant,

ponekad u restoranu,

sometimes at home,

ponekad kod kuće,

but the rule that I've adopted is: I will never use my phone at the table.

no, pravilo koje sam usvojio jest: nikada neću koristiti telefon za stolom.

It's far away,

Daleko je od mene,

as far away as possible.

što je dalje moguće.

Because we're really bad at resisting temptation.

Zato što teško odolimo iskušenju.

No, kada imate točku prekida, svaki puta kada večera počinje,

But when you have a stopping cue that, every time dinner begins,

udaljim telefon od sebe,

my phone goes far away,

you avoid temptation all together.

i izbjegnete iskušenje.

At first, it hurts.

Na početku je bolno.

I had massive FOMO.

Imao sam osjećaj da mnogo propuštam.

(Laughter)

(Smijeh)

I struggled.

Borio sam se s time.

But what happens is, you get used to it.

No, naviknete se na to.

Svladate to odvikavanje kao kod odvikavanja od droga,

You overcome the withdrawal the same way you would from a drug,

and what happens is, life becomes more colorful, richer,

i tada život postaje živopisniji, bogatiji,

more interesting --

zanimljiviji --

you have better conversations.

vodite kvalitetnije razgovore.

You really connect with the people who are there with you.

Zaista se povežete s ljudima oko sebe.

I think it's a fantastic strategy,

Mislim da je to fantastična strategija

and we know it works, because when people do this --

i znamo da djeluje jer kad ljudi to počnu raditi --

and I've tracked a lot of people who have tried this --

a pratio sam mnoge koji su to pokušali --

it expands.

to se širi dalje.

They feel so good about it,

Osjećaju se dobro zbog toga

pa to počinju raditi i prvi sat ujutro.

they start doing it for the first hour of the day in the morning.

Tijekom vikenda podešavaju telefone na zrakoplovni način rada.

They start putting their phones on airplane mode on the weekend.

That way, your phone remains a camera, but it's no longer a phone.

Tako telefon zadržava samo kameru, ali više nije telefon.

It's a really powerful idea,

Ovo je zaista moćno

and we know people feel much better about their lives when they do this.

i znamo da se ljudi mnogo bolje osjećaju kada to naprave.

So what's the take home here?

I koji je ovdje zaključak?

Screens are miraculous; I've already said that,

Zasloni su čudesna stvar, to sam već rekao

and I feel that it's true.

i mislim da je to istina.

But the way we use them is a lot like driving down a really fast, long road,

No, koristimo ih kao da se vozimo niz zaista brzu, dugu cestu,

and you're in a car where the accelerator is mashed to the floor,

u autu ste kojem je gas stisnut do kraja,

it's kind of hard to reach the brake pedal.

a teško je dosegnuti kočnicu.

You've got a choice.

Morate odabrati.

You can either glide by, past, say, the beautiful ocean scenes

Možete ili lagano voziti uz predivne slike mora,

and take snaps out the window -- that's the easy thing to do --

i slikati sa prozora, to je lako,

or you can go out of your way to move the car to the side of the road,

ili možete sići s ceste, kako biste stali u stranu,

to push that brake pedal,

stisnuli tu kočnicu,

to get out,

izašli,

take off your shoes and socks,

izuli cipele i čarape,

take a couple of steps onto the sand,

malo prošetali po pijesku,

feel what the sand feels like under your feet,

osjetili pijesak pod nogama,

walk to the ocean,

krenuli prema obali,

and let the ocean lap at your ankles.

i pustili da vam gležnjeve zapljuskuje more.

Your life will be richer and more meaningful

Život će vam biti bogatiji i smisleniji

because you breathe in that experience,

jer doslovno udišete to iskustvo,

and because you've left your phone in the car.

a sve zato što ste ostavili telefon u autu.

Thank you.

Hvala.

(Applause)

(Pljesak)