Joe Landolina: This gel can make you stop bleeding instantly

Translator: Linda Magáthová Reviewer: Tinka Vlk

I want you guys to imagine that you're a soldier

Predstavte si, že ste vojak

running through the battlefield.

a práve bežíte cez bojisko.

Now, you're shot in the leg with a bullet,

Odrazu vás postrelia do nohy,

which severs your femoral artery.

čo vám presekne stehennú tepnu.

Now, this bleed is extremely traumatic

Toto krvácanie je traumatické

and can kill you in less than three minutes.

a môže vás zabiť do troch minút.

Unfortunately, by the time that a medic

Žiaľ, kým sa k vám

actually gets to you,

dostane lekár

a kým vás ošetrí,

what the medic has on his or her belt

can take five minutes or more,

môže to trvať 5 a viac minút,

with the application of pressure, to stop that type of bleed.

ak lekár na zastavenie krvácania použije tlak.

Now, this problem is not only a huge problem

Toto je obrovský problém

for the military, but it's also a huge problem

nielen v armáde,

that's epidemic throughout the entire medical field,

ale aj vo všetkých oblastiach medicíny.

which is how do we actually look at wounds

Ako teda budeme pristupovať

and how do we stop them quickly

ku zraneniam a ako zastavíme krvácanie

in a way that can work with the body?

za pomoci nášho vlastného tela?

So now, what I've been working on for the last four years

Posledné 4 roky som pracoval

is to develop smart biomaterials,

na vývoji inteligentných biomateriálov,

which are actually materials that will work

čo sú vlastne materiály,

with the body, helping it to heal

ktoré spolupracujú s telom, pomáhajú mu liečiť sa

and helping it to allow the wounds to heal normally.

a umožňujú mu zahojiť rany normálnym spôsobom.

So now, before we do this, we have to take a much closer look

Predtým, ako sa k tomu dostaneme, sa musíme pozrieť zblízka

at actually how does the body work.

na to, ako naše telo funguje.

So now, everybody here knows

Všetci vieme,

that the body is made up of cells.

že telo sa skladá z buniek.

So the cell is the most basic unit of life.

Bunka je najzákladnejšou jednotkou života.

But not many people know what else.

Ale mnoho ľudí nevie, akú funkciu ešte majú.

But it actually turns out that your cells

Naše bunky sú usadené

sit in this mesh of complicated fibers,

v pletive komplikovaných vlákien,

proteins and sugars

bielkovín a cukrov,

known as the extracellular matrix.

ktoré sú známe ako extracelulárny matrix (ECM).

So now, the ECM

Takže ECM je vlastne

is actually this mesh that holds the cells in place,

tkanivo, ktoré udržiava bunky na svojom mieste,

provides structure for your tissues,

poskytuje štruktúru našim tkanivám,

but it also gives the cells a home.

ale je tiež domovom našich buniek.

It allows them to feel what they're doing,

Umožňuje im cítiť, čo robia,

where they are, and tells them

kde sú a hovorí im,

how to act and how to behave.

ako sa správať.

And it actually turns out that the extracellular matrix

A ukazuje sa, že extracelulárny matrix

is different from every single part of the body.

je odlišný v každej časti tela.

So the ECM in my skin

Takže ECM v mojej pokožke

is different than the ECM in my liver,

je iný ako ECM v mojej pečeni,

and the ECM in different parts of the same organ

a ECM v rôznych častiach toho istého orgánu

actually vary, so it's very difficult

sa líšia, takže je veľmi ťažké

to be able to have a product

vynájsť produkt,

that will react to the local extracellular matrix,

ktorý bude reagovať na lokálny ECM,

which is exactly what we're trying to do.

a o to sa my vlastne snažíme.

So now, for example, think of the rainforest.

Spomeňte si napríklad na dažďové pralesy.

You have the canopy, you have the understory,

V pralese je vrchná vrstva, potom spodná

and you have the forest floor.

a potom vrstva lesnej pôdy.

Now, all of these parts of the forest

Všetky tieto časti pralesa

are made up of different plants,

sú tvorené inými rastlinami

and different animals call them home.

a sú domovom iných druhov živočíchov.

So just like that, the extracellular matrix

Extracelulárny matrix je presne

is incredibly diverse in three dimensions.

tak isto rozmanitý vo svojich dimenziách.

On top of that, the extracellular matrix

Extracelulárny matrix je ale predovšetkým

is responsible for all wound healing,

zodpovedný za hojenie všetkých rán,

so if you imagine cutting the body,

takže ak sa zraníte,

you actually have to rebuild

telo musí vlastne prebudovať

this very complex ECM

tento veľmi zložitý ECM,

in order to get it to form again,

aby ste sa znova dostali do formy,

and a scar, in fact, is actually

pričom jazva je vlastne

poorly formed extracellular matrix.

nedostatočne sformovaný ECM.

So now, behind me is an animation

Za mnou vidíte animáciu

of the extracellular matrix.

extracelulárneho matrixu.

So as you see, your cells sit in this complicated mesh

Ako vidíte, vaše bunky sa nachádzajú v tomto komplexnom pletive

and as you move throughout the tissue,

a naprieč tkanivom

the extracellular matrix changes.

sa extracelulárny matrix mení.

So now every other piece of technology on the market

Takže každý druhý kus technológie na trhu

can only manage a two- dimensional approximation

zvládne iba dvojdimenzionálne prispôsobenie sa

of the extracellular matrix,

extracelulárnemu matrixu,

which means that it doesn't fit in

čo znamená, že nezapadá

with the tissue itself.

do samotného tkaniva.

So when I was a freshman at NYU,

Keď som bol prvák na Newyorskej univerzite,

what I discovered was you could actually take

zistil som, že by sme mohli zobrať

small pieces of plant-derived polymers

kúsky polymérov izolovaných z rastlín

and reassemble them onto the wound.

a priložiť ich na ranu.

So if you have a bleeding wound like the one behind me,

Čiže ak máte takú krvácajúcu ranu ako vidíte za mnou,

you can actually put our material onto this,

môžete si na ňu priložiť náš materiál

and just like Lego blocks,

a ten, podobne ako kocky Lega,

it'll reassemble into the local tissue.

priľne na lokálne tkanivo.

So that means if you put it onto liver,

To znamená, že ak ho priložíte na pečeň,

it turns into something that looks like liver,

zmení sa na niečo, čo vyzerá ako pečeň,

and if you put it onto skin,

a ak si ho priložíte na pokožku,

it turns into something that looks just like skin.

zmení sa na niečo, čo vyzerá ako pokožka.

So when you put the gel on,

Keď si aplikujete gél,

it actually reassembles into this local tissue.

priľne a zmení sa na toto lokálne tkanivo.

So now, this has a whole bunch of applications,

Dá sa to využiť mnohými spôsobmi,

but basically the idea is, wherever you put this product,

ide však hlavne o to, že kamkoľvek si priložíte tento produkt,

you're able to reassemble into it immediately.

okamžite sa prispôsobí vášmu tkanivu.

Now, this is a simulated arterial bleed —

Toto je simulované krvácanie z artérie –

blood warning —

pozor, krv –

at twice human artery pressure.

tlak je 2x väčší ako zvyčajne v artérii.

So now, this type of bleed is incredibly traumatic,

Tento druh krvácania je extrémne náročný,

and like I said before, would actually take

a ako som už povedal,

five minutes or more with pressure

trvalo by asi 5 a viac minút

to be able to stop.

zastaviť ho tlačením.

Now, in the time that it takes me to introduce the bleed itself,

Za ten čas, čo vám tu rozprávam o krvácaní,

our material is able to stop that bleed,

by náš materiál už krvácanie zastavil,

and it's because it actually goes on and works

pretože podporuje telo,

with the body to heal,

aby sa samé uzdravilo tak,

so it reassembles into this piece of meat,

že sa napojí na kus mäsa,

and then the blood actually recognizes

a krv rozpozná,

that that's happening, and produces fibrin,

že sa to deje a produkuje fibrín,

producing a very fast clot in less than 10 seconds.

vďaka tomu sa vytvorí krvná zrazenina za menej ako 10 sekúnd.

So now this technology — Thank you.

Takže túto technológiu – ďakujem vám.

(Applause)

(potlesk)

So now this technology, by January, will be in the hands of veterinarians,

Takže túto technológiu budú do januára používať veterinári

and we're working very diligently to try to get it into the hands of doctors,

a my usilovne pracujeme na tom, aby sme ju dostali aj k lekárom,

hopefully within the next year.

a dúfame, že sa to stane v priebehu budúceho roka.

But really, once again, I want you guys to imagine

Teraz si prosím znovu predstavte,

that you are a soldier running through a battlefield.

že ste vojak bežiaci po bojisku.

Now, you get hit in the leg with a bullet,

Do nohy vás zasiahne guľka,

and instead of bleeding out in three minutes,

ale namiesto toho, aby ste vykrvácali do troch minút,

you pull a small pack of gel out of your belt,

vyberiete si z tašky malé balenie gélu

and with the press of a button,

a stlačením gombíka

you're able to stop your own bleed

si viete zastaviť vlastné krvácanie

and you're on your way to recovery.

a začínate sa uzdravovať.

Thank you very much.

Ďakujem pekne.

(Applause)

(potlesk)