Joe Landolina: This gel can make you stop bleeding instantly

翻译人员: Sunny Wang 校对人员: dahong zhang

I want you guys to imagine that you're a soldier

我想要大家想象一下：你是一个士兵

running through the battlefield.

奔跑在战场上。

Now, you're shot in the leg with a bullet,

现在，你的腿上中了一枪，

which severs your femoral artery.

切断了你的股动脉。

Now, this bleed is extremely traumatic

现在，血流异常汹涌

and can kill you in less than three minutes.

并且可以在三分钟之内置你于死地。

Unfortunately, by the time that a medic

不幸的是，等到救护兵

actually gets to you,

真的来到你身边，

what the medic has on his or her belt

拿出他或她腰间的医用设备

can take five minutes or more,

可能要花上五分钟以上的时间

with the application of pressure, to stop that type of bleed.

通过施压来止住出血。

Now, this problem is not only a huge problem

现在，这个问题已经不止是 一个军队上的大问题，

for the military, but it's also a huge problem

它同样也是

that's epidemic throughout the entire medical field,

一个涉及到整个医学界的大问题，

which is how do we actually look at wounds

它涉及到我们究竟该如何看待伤口？

and how do we stop them quickly

我们怎样通过一种符合身体运行机制

in a way that can work with the body?

的方法尽快止血？

So now, what I've been working on for the last four years

所以，我在过去四年里一直致力于

is to develop smart biomaterials,

开发智能的生物材料，

which are actually materials that will work

这些生物材料可以

with the body, helping it to heal

很好的在身体上作用，帮助治愈

and helping it to allow the wounds to heal normally.

并且帮助伤口正常愈合。

So now, before we do this, we have to take a much closer look

所以现在，在讲到这些之前， 我们要仔细地研究一下

at actually how does the body work.

身体究竟是怎么运作的。

So now, everybody here knows

我们在座的各位都知道

that the body is made up of cells.

身体是由细胞构成的。

So the cell is the most basic unit of life.

所以细胞是构成生命的最基本单位。

But not many people know what else.

但是大多数人对其他的却了解甚少。

But it actually turns out that your cells

事实上是，你的细胞

sit in this mesh of complicated fibers,

散落在错综复杂的纤维，

proteins and sugars

蛋白质和糖之间，

known as the extracellular matrix.

它们被统称为细胞外基质。

So now, the ECM

细胞外基质(ECM)

is actually this mesh that holds the cells in place,

实际上是一个可以固定细胞的网架结构，

provides structure for your tissues,

为你的组织结构提供支撑，

but it also gives the cells a home.

同样也为细胞提供了容身之所。

It allows them to feel what they're doing,

细胞外基质可以使细胞了解它们在做些什么，

where they are, and tells them

它们在哪里，并且告诉它们

how to act and how to behave.

该怎样运作，怎样表现。

And it actually turns out that the extracellular matrix

另外，事实上，细胞外基质

is different from every single part of the body.

在身体上的不同部位都是彼此不同的。

So the ECM in my skin

就是说，我皮肤上的细胞外基质

is different than the ECM in my liver,

与我肝脏细胞外基质是不同的，

and the ECM in different parts of the same organ

并且在同样的器官中细胞外基质

actually vary, so it's very difficult

实际上也会有不同，所以很难实现

to be able to have a product

生产一种产品

that will react to the local extracellular matrix,

可以跟不同部位的细胞外基质产生反应，

which is exactly what we're trying to do.

而这正是我们正尝试去做的事情。

So now, for example, think of the rainforest.

举一个例子，想象一片热带雨林。

You have the canopy, you have the understory,

你有树冠层，有灌木层，

and you have the forest floor.

你还有地面层。

Now, all of these parts of the forest

现在，森林的所有这些组成部分

are made up of different plants,

都孕育着不同的植物

and different animals call them home.

和不同的动物。

So just like that, the extracellular matrix

所以就像这样，细胞外基质

is incredibly diverse in three dimensions.

在三维空间内存在令人难以置信的多样性。

On top of that, the extracellular matrix

另外，细胞外基质

is responsible for all wound healing,

负责所有伤口愈合的工作，

so if you imagine cutting the body,

所以如果你想象自己割破了身体，

you actually have to rebuild

你实际上是要重建

this very complex ECM

这个非常复杂的细胞外基质

in order to get it to form again,

以便让这个伤口重新愈合，

and a scar, in fact, is actually

并且伤疤实际上是

poorly formed extracellular matrix.

勉强重新组合的细胞外基质。

So now, behind me is an animation

所以现在，在我的身后是一个

of the extracellular matrix.

关于细胞外基质的动画。

So as you see, your cells sit in this complicated mesh

你可以看到，你的细胞 坐落在这个复杂的网络中

and as you move throughout the tissue,

并且随着你在组织结构中移动，

the extracellular matrix changes.

细胞外基质在变化着。

So now every other piece of technology on the market

所以现在市场上的任一技术产品

can only manage a two- dimensional approximation

都只能管理一个二维的

of the extracellular matrix,

细胞外基质，

which means that it doesn't fit in

这就意味着它不能被

with the tissue itself.

置于组织结构当中。

So when I was a freshman at NYU,

所以当我还是纽约大学的一年级新生时，

what I discovered was you could actually take

我发现你实际上可以取

small pieces of plant-derived polymers

小片的植物中提取的聚合物

and reassemble them onto the wound.

然后在伤口上面使它们重新聚合。

So if you have a bleeding wound like the one behind me,

所以如果你有一个类似于 我身后的这样正在流血的伤口，

you can actually put our material onto this,

你可以把我们的材料涂抹在这个伤口上面，

and just like Lego blocks,

并且就像是乐高砖块一样，

it'll reassemble into the local tissue.

它会与所在部位的组织重新聚合。

So that means if you put it onto liver,

所以这意味着如果你把它涂在肝脏上，

it turns into something that looks like liver,

它会转化成一些像肝组织的东西，

and if you put it onto skin,

如果你把在涂在皮肤上，

it turns into something that looks just like skin.

它会变成一些像皮肤组织的东西。

So when you put the gel on,

所以当你涂上这种凝胶，

it actually reassembles into this local tissue.

它会和相应部位的组织重新聚合。

So now, this has a whole bunch of applications,

所以这个材料有很多的用途，

but basically the idea is, wherever you put this product,

但是最基本的思路就是， 不管你把这个产品涂在哪里，

you're able to reassemble into it immediately.

它都可以很快的重新聚合。

Now, this is a simulated arterial bleed —

这是一个模拟动脉流血--

blood warning —

流血警告--

at twice human artery pressure.

是人类动脉压的两倍。

So now, this type of bleed is incredibly traumatic,

这种出血状况是非常非常严峻的，

and like I said before, would actually take

并且就像我之前说过的那样，需要花费

five minutes or more with pressure

五分钟以上的时间来通过施压

to be able to stop.

才能够止住流血。

Now, in the time that it takes me to introduce the bleed itself,

现在，我在介绍这个伤口的这段时间里，

our material is able to stop that bleed,

我们的材料已经可以止住流血了，

and it's because it actually goes on and works

这是因为它可以在

with the body to heal,

身体上起作用来愈合伤口。

so it reassembles into this piece of meat,

所以它与这块肉聚合在一起，

and then the blood actually recognizes

然后血流可以辨别

that that's happening, and produces fibrin,

它正在起作用并且产生出纤维蛋白，

producing a very fast clot in less than 10 seconds.

然后在十秒钟之内很快地封堵伤口。

So now this technology — Thank you.

所以现在这项技术---谢谢。

(Applause)

（掌声）

So now this technology, by January, will be in the hands of veterinarians,

所以这项技术，到一月份的时候， 会先由兽医实用，

and we're working very diligently to try to get it into the hands of doctors,

并且我们会努力实现让医生掌握这样的技术，

hopefully within the next year.

希望可以在接下来的一年中实现。

But really, once again, I want you guys to imagine

但是，我希望你们可以再想象一次

that you are a soldier running through a battlefield.

你是一个奔跑在战场上的士兵。

Now, you get hit in the leg with a bullet,

现在，你腿上中了一枪，

and instead of bleeding out in three minutes,

并且取代三分钟之内流尽血的是，

you pull a small pack of gel out of your belt,

你从腰间拿出了一小盒我们的凝胶，

and with the press of a button,

按下按钮，

you're able to stop your own bleed

你就可以为你自己止血

and you're on your way to recovery.

并且你的伤情开始恢复。

Thank you very much.

非常感谢。

(Applause)

（掌声）