Carolyn Porco: Could a Saturn moon harbor life?

47,472 views ・ 2009-05-21

TED


μ•„λž˜ μ˜λ¬Έμžλ§‰μ„ λ”λΈ”ν΄λ¦­ν•˜μ‹œλ©΄ μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.

λ²ˆμ—­: Ho youl Lee κ²€ν† : Hyunwoo Park
00:18
Two years ago here at TED
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2λ…„ μ „, μ €λŠ” TEDμ—μ„œ
00:20
I reported that we had discovered
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μΉ΄μ‹œλ‹ˆ μš°μ£Όμ„ μ΄ λ³΄λ‚΄μ˜¨ 자료λ₯Ό λ°”νƒ•μœΌλ‘œ
00:22
at Saturn, with the Cassini Spacecraft,
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ν† μ„±μ˜ μœ„μ„±μΈ μ—”μΌˆλΌλ‘μŠ€μ˜ 남μͺ½ 끝 μ§€μ μ—μ„œ
00:25
an anomalously warm and geologically active region
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이둀적인 고온의 μ§€μ§ˆ ν™œλ™μ΄
00:28
at the southern tip of the small Saturnine moon
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κ΄€μΈ‘λ˜μ—ˆλ‹€λŠ” 것을 λ°œν‘œν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:31
Enceladus, seen here.
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이게 μ—”μΌˆλΌλ‘μŠ€μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:33
This region seen here for the first time
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2005λ…„ μΉ΄μ‹œλ‹ˆκ°€ 처음으둜 찍은
00:35
in the Cassini image taken in 2005. This is the south polar region,
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μ—”μΌˆλΌλ‘μŠ€μ˜ 남극지역 μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:40
with the famous tiger-stripe fractures crossing the south pole.
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유λͺ…ν•œ ν˜Έλž‘μ΄ μ€„λ¬΄λŠ¬μ˜ ν‹ˆλ“€μ΄ 남극 지역을 κ°€λ‘œμ§€λ₯΄κ³  μžˆκ΅°μš”.
00:43
And seen just recently in late 2008,
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2008λ…„ 말 μ΅œκ·Όμ— 찍은
00:47
here is that region again,
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같은 μ§€μ—­μ˜ μ‚¬μ§„μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:49
now half in darkness because the southern hemisphere
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절반 정도가 μ–΄λ‘μ›Œ λ³΄μ΄λŠ” 것은
00:52
is experiencing the onset of August
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λ‚¨λ°˜κ΅¬μ—λŠ” λŠ¦κ²¨μšΈμ— ν•΄λ‹Ήν•˜λŠ” 8μ›” μ΄ˆμ—
00:55
and eventually winter.
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μ΄¬μ˜λ˜μ—ˆκΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:57
And I also reported that we'd made this mind-blowing discovery --
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또, μ•„μ£Ό λ†€λΌμš΄ λ°œκ²¬λ„ ν•¨κ»˜ λ°œν‘œν–ˆμ—ˆλŠ”λ°μš”.
01:00
this once-in-a-lifetime discovery
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일생에 ν•œ 번 λ³ΌκΉŒλ§κΉŒν•œ λ°œκ²¬μ΄μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:02
of towering jets
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λ‹Ήμ‹œ λ‚¨κ·Ήμ˜
01:04
erupting from those fractures at the south pole,
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μ € ν‹ˆλ“€ μ‚¬μ΄λ‘œ λΆ„μΆœλ˜λŠ” κ±°λŒ€ν•œ μ œνŠΈλŠ”
01:07
consisting of tiny water ice crystals
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μž‘μ€ μ–ΌμŒ κ²°μ •μœΌλ‘œ 이루어져 μžˆμ—ˆλŠ”λ°,
01:09
accompanied by water vapor
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수증기 뿐만 μ•„λ‹ˆλΌ μ΄μ‚°ν™”νƒ„μ†Œ, 메탄 같은
01:12
and simple organic compounds like carbon dioxide and methane.
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λ‹¨μˆœ μœ κΈ°ν™”ν• λ¬Όλ‘œ μΆ”μ •λ˜λŠ” 것듀도 ν¬ν•¨λ˜μ–΄ μžˆλ‹€κ³  λ°œν‘œν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:16
And at that time two years ago
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2λ…„ μ „ κ·Έ λ•Œ μ €λŠ”
01:18
I mentioned that we were speculating
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μ € μ œνŠΈλ“€μ΄ 사싀은 μΌμ’…μ˜ κ°„ν—μ²œμœΌλ‘œ,
01:20
that these jets might in fact be geysers,
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앑체 μƒνƒœμ˜ 물이 μ§€ν•˜μ— μžˆλŠ” μž‘μ€ 곡간에
01:22
and erupting from pockets
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κ°‡ν˜€μžˆλ‹€κ°€ λΆ„μΆœλœ 것이라고
01:24
or chambers of liquid water underneath the surface,
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μΆ”μΈ‘ν•˜κ³  μžˆλ‹€κ³  λ§μ”€λ“œλ ΈμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:26
but we weren't really sure.
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κ·Έ λ•ŒλŠ” ν™•μ‹ ν•  μˆ˜κ°€ μ—†μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:28
However, the implications of those results --
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ ν˜„μƒλ“€μ„ ν†΅ν•΄μ„œ
01:31
of a possible environment within this moon
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μ—”μΌˆλΌλ‘μŠ€μ˜ ν™˜κ²½μ΄ μ–΄μ©Œλ©΄
01:34
that could support prebiotic chemistry,
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μ›μ‹œμ μΈ ν™”ν•©λ¬Όλ§Œ μžˆλŠ” 것이 μ•„λ‹ˆλΌ
01:36
and perhaps life itself --
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생λͺ…에 적합할 μˆ˜λ„ μžˆκ² λ‹€κ³  μƒκ°ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:39
were so exciting that, in the intervening two years,
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ μ§€λ‚œ 2λ…„κ°„ μ—”μΌˆλΌλ‘μŠ€μ—
01:41
we have focused more on Enceladus.
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보닀 μ§‘μ€‘ν•˜κ²Œ λ˜μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:43
We've flown the Cassini Spacecraft
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이 달 μ˜†μœΌλ‘œ
01:46
by this moon now several times,
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μΉ΄μ‹œλ‹ˆ μš°μ£Όμ„ μ„ λͺ‡λ²ˆ 더 λ³΄λƒˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:48
flying closer and deeper into these jets,
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λΆ„μΆœν˜„μƒμ΄ μΌμ–΄λ‚˜λŠ” 지역에
01:51
into the denser regions of these jets,
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더 κ°€κΉŒμ΄ 더 깊이 λ‹€κ°€κ°„ κ²°κ³Ό,
01:53
so that now we have come away with some
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λΆ„μΆœλ¬Όμ˜ ꡬ성 성뢄듀을 맀우 μ •ν™•ν•˜κ²Œ
01:55
very precise compositional measurements.
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μΈ‘μ •ν•  수 μžˆμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:57
And we have found
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μ—¬κΈ°μ„œ λΆ„μΆœλ˜λŠ” μœ κΈ°ν™”ν•©λ¬Όλ“€μ΄
01:59
that the organic compounds coming from this moon
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처음 λ³΄κ³ ν–ˆμ„ λ•Œ 보닀 더 λ³΅μž‘ν•œ ꡬ쑰λ₯Ό
02:02
are in fact more complex than we previously reported.
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가지고 μžˆλ‹€λŠ”κ²ƒμ„ ν™•μΈν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:05
While they're not amino acids,
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μ•„λ―Έλ…Έμ‚°κΉŒμ§€λŠ” μ•„λ‹ˆμ§€λ§Œ,
02:07
we're now finding things like
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ν”„λ‘œνŒμ΄λ‚˜ λ²€μ  ,
02:09
propane and benzene,
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μ‹œμ•ˆν™”μˆ˜μ†Œ, ν¬λ¦„μ•Œλ°νžˆλ“œ μ •λ„μ˜
02:11
hydrogen cyanide, and formaldehyde.
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화합물듀은 λ°œκ²¬λ˜μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:13
And the tiny water crystals here
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그리고 κ·Έ μ–ΌμŒ 결정듀은
02:16
now look for all the world
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염뢄이 μžˆλŠ” 물이 방울둜
02:18
like they are frozen droplets of salty water,
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얼어뢙은 κ²ƒμœΌλ‘œ λ³΄μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:21
which is a discovery that suggests
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이런 λ°œκ²¬μ„ ν†΅ν•΄μ„œ
02:23
that not only do the jets come from
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λΆ„μΆœλ¬Όμ΄ 앑체 μƒνƒœμ˜ λ¬Όμ—μ„œ
02:25
pockets of liquid water,
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λ‚˜μ™”λ‹€λŠ” 것 뿐만 μ•„λ‹ˆλΌ,
02:27
but that that liquid water is in contact with rock.
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κ·Έ 앑체 μƒνƒœμ˜ 물은 암석과 λ‹Ώμ•„μžˆλ‹€λŠ” 것도 μ•Œ 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:30
And that is a circumstance
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μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ ν™˜κ²½μ€
02:32
that could supply the chemical energy
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생λͺ…을 μœ μ§€ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄μ„œ ν•„μš”ν•œ
02:34
and the chemical compounds needed to sustain life.
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화학적 μ—λ„ˆμ§€μ™€ 화합물듀을 곡급할 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:37
So we are very encouraged by these results.
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μ΄λŠ” 맀우 고무적인 κ²°κ³Όμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:40
And we are much more confident now than we were two years ago
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이둜써 μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 2λ…„ 전에 λΉ„ν•΄μ„œ 훨씬 μžμ‹ μžˆκ²Œ 말할 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:43
that we might indeed
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이 λ‹¬μ˜ 남극 λ°‘μ—λŠ” μ •λ§λ‘œ
02:45
have on this moon, under the south pole,
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생λͺ…체가 μ‚΄ 수 μžˆλŠ” ν™˜κ²½μ΄
02:48
an environment or a zone that is hospitable to living organisms.
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μžˆμ„ μˆ˜λ„ μžˆλ‹€κ³  말이죠.
02:52
Whether or not there are living organisms there, of course,
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λ¬Όλ‘  생λͺ…체가 μžˆλ‹€, μ—†λ‹€λŠ” 것은
02:55
is an entirely different matter.
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μ „ν˜€ λ‹€λ₯Έ λ¬Έμ œμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:57
And that will have to await the arrival,
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κ΄€μΈ‘ μš°μ£Όμ„ λ“€μ΄ μ—”μΌˆλΌλ‘μŠ€μ—μ„œ
02:59
back at Enceladus,
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λŒμ•„μ˜€κΈ°λ₯Ό κΈ°λ‹€λ €μ•Όκ² μ£ .
03:02
of the spacecrafts, hopefully some time in the near future,
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λ¨Έμ§€μ•Šμ€ λ―Έλž˜μ— μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ μ§ˆλ¬Έμ„ μœ„ν•΄μ„œ
03:05
specifically equipped to address that particular question.
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특수 μ œμž‘λœ μš°μ£Όμ„ λ“€λ„ λ‚˜μ™”μœΌλ©΄ ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:09
But in the meantime I invite you to imagine the day
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κ·Έ 와쀑에 μš°λ¦¬λŠ” ν† μ„±κ³„λ‘œ λ– λ‚˜λŠ”
03:12
when we might journey to the Saturnine system,
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μ˜¨μ²œμ—¬ν–‰μ„ 상상해 λ΄…μ‹œλ‹€.
03:15
and visit the Enceladus interplanetary geyser park,
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μ—”μΌˆλΌλ‘μŠ€ 온천 κ³΅μ›μœΌλ‘œ 여행을 λ– λ‚˜λŠ”
03:19
just because we can.
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κ·Έ 날을 κΈ°λŒ€ν•˜λ©΄μ„œ.
03:21
Thank you.
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κ°μ‚¬ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:23
(Applause)
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(λ°•μˆ˜)
이 μ›Ήμ‚¬μ΄νŠΈ 정보

이 μ‚¬μ΄νŠΈλŠ” μ˜μ–΄ ν•™μŠ΅μ— μœ μš©ν•œ YouTube λ™μ˜μƒμ„ μ†Œκ°œν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ „ 세계 졜고의 μ„ μƒλ‹˜λ“€μ΄ κ°€λ₯΄μΉ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μˆ˜μ—…μ„ 보게 될 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 각 λ™μ˜μƒ νŽ˜μ΄μ§€μ— ν‘œμ‹œλ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μžλ§‰μ„ 더블 ν΄λ¦­ν•˜λ©΄ κ·Έκ³³μ—μ„œ λ™μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. λΉ„λ””μ˜€ μž¬μƒμ— 맞좰 μžλ§‰μ΄ μŠ€ν¬λ‘€λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ˜κ²¬μ΄λ‚˜ μš”μ²­μ΄ μžˆλŠ” 경우 이 문의 양식을 μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬ λ¬Έμ˜ν•˜μ‹­μ‹œμ˜€.

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