Carolyn Porco: Could a Saturn moon harbor life?

Translator: Gulnoza Yakubova Reviewer: Nafissa Yakubova

Two years ago here at TED

Ikki yil avval, shu TEDda

I reported that we had discovered

Biz Saturnda, Kassini fazo kemasida,

at Saturn, with the Cassini Spacecraft,

gayrioddiy iliq va geologik faol

an anomalously warm and geologically active region

mintaqani topganligimzni aytgan edim.

at the southern tip of the small Saturnine moon

U mintaqa Saturnning kichik Oyi, mana bu yerda ko'rinib turgan,

Enceladus, seen here.

Enseladaning janubiy chekkasida topilgan edi.

This region seen here for the first time

Birinchi marta ko'rinib turgan bu mintaqa

in the Cassini image taken in 2005. This is the south polar region,

2005 yilda Kassinida suratga olingan. Bu janubiy qutb mintaqasi.

with the famous tiger-stripe fractures crossing the south pole.

Janubiy qutbdan o'tayotgan mashhur yo'lbars chiziqli singan parchalari bilan ko'rinib turibdi.

And seen just recently in late 2008,

Yaqindagina, 2008 yilning oxirlarida ko'ringan

here is that region again,

mana yana o'sha mintaqa,

now half in darkness because the southern hemisphere

hozir buning yarmi qorong'i chunki janubiy yarim sharda

is experiencing the onset of August

Avgust oyi kirib kelyapdi

and eventually winter.

va bor bora qish ham kiradi

And I also reported that we'd made this mind-blowing discovery --

Shu jumladan, bizning hayratlanarli kashfiyotimiz haqida aytgandim --

this once-in-a-lifetime discovery

hayotda bir marta bo'ladigan kashfiyot -

of towering jets

yani bu janubiy qutbdagi o'sha yoriq parchalardan

erupting from those fractures at the south pole,

otib chiqayotgan - baland-baland suyuqliklardir.

consisting of tiny water ice crystals

uning tarkibida juda kichkina suvli muz kristallaridan tashkil topgan,

accompanied by water vapor

hamda u bilan birgan suv bug'i

and simple organic compounds like carbon dioxide and methane.

va uglerod dioksid va metan kabi oddiy organik birikmalar ham mavjud.

And at that time two years ago

Ikki yil avval o'sha paytda

I mentioned that we were speculating

biz bu suyuqliklarni tekislikning

that these jets might in fact be geysers,

tagidagi suyuq suvlar joylashgan bo'shliqdan

and erupting from pockets

oqib chiqayotgan geyzerlar deb

or chambers of liquid water underneath the surface,

taxmin qilganimizni aytib o'tgandim.

but we weren't really sure.

Lekin, bunga ishonchimiz aniq emas edi.

However, the implications of those results --

Ammo, bu oydagi prebiotik kimyo

of a possible environment within this moon

va, ehtimol, hayotni ham qo'llab quvvatlaydigan,

that could support prebiotic chemistry,

bu oyda mavjudligi ehtimol bo'lgan muhitni

and perhaps life itself --

topganligimizning oqibati

were so exciting that, in the intervening two years,

juda hayajonli bo'ldi va ikki yil mobaynida

we have focused more on Enceladus.

Enseladaga ko'p e'tibor berdik.

We've flown the Cassini Spacecraft

Kassini fazo kemasida bu oy atrofidan

by this moon now several times,

bir necha marta uchdik.

flying closer and deeper into these jets,

Bu suyuqliklarga, hamda bu suyuqliklarning

into the denser regions of these jets,

zich bo'lgan mintaqalariga yaqinroq uchib,

so that now we have come away with some

biz juda aniq tarkibiy o'lchovlarni

very precise compositional measurements.

ishlab chiqdik.

And we have found

Bu oydan kelayotgan organik birikmalar

that the organic compounds coming from this moon

biz avval aytib o'tganimizdan ham ko'ra ancha

are in fact more complex than we previously reported.

murrakabroq ekanligini topdik.

While they're not amino acids,

Ular aminokislota bo'lmasada,

we're now finding things like

biz propan va benzol,

propane and benzene,

sianid vodorod va formaldegid

hydrogen cyanide, and formaldehyde.

kabi narsalarni topyapmiz.

And the tiny water crystals here

Bu yerdagi kichkinagina suvli muz kristallari esa

now look for all the world

butun dunyoga huddi tuzli suvning

like they are frozen droplets of salty water,

muzlagan tomchilari kabi ko'rinadi.

which is a discovery that suggests

Bu kashfiyot shuni anglatadiki,

that not only do the jets come from

suyuqliklar nafaqat suyuq suv

pockets of liquid water,

joylashgan bo'shliqlardan chiqadi,

but that that liquid water is in contact with rock.

balki o'sha suyuq suv qoya, tosh bilan ham birga munosabatda bo'ladi.

And that is a circumstance

Bu kimyoviy energiyani

that could supply the chemical energy

va hayot uchun zarur bo'lgan kimyoviy birikmalarni

and the chemical compounds needed to sustain life.

ta'minlay oladigan holatdir.

So we are very encouraged by these results.

Bu natijalardan juda ham hursandmiz.

And we are much more confident now than we were two years ago

Bu oyda, janubiy qutbning tagida, tirik organizmlarning

that we might indeed

yashashi uchun qulay muhit borligiga

have on this moon, under the south pole,

ikki yil avvalgidagidan ko'ra

an environment or a zone that is hospitable to living organisms.

hozir ishonchimiz ancha komilroq.

Whether or not there are living organisms there, of course,

U yerda tirik organizmlarning mavjud yoki mavjud emasligi,

is an entirely different matter.

albatta, butunlay boshqa masala.

And that will have to await the arrival,

Bu masala uchun, umid qilamizki, yaqin kelajakda,

back at Enceladus,

yana Enseladaga fazo kemalari

of the spacecrafts, hopefully some time in the near future,

ayni shu masalani o'rganish uchun mos asboblar bilan

specifically equipped to address that particular question.

jihozlanib boradi.

But in the meantime I invite you to imagine the day

Ayni paytda esa, biz Saturn sistemasiga

when we might journey to the Saturnine system,

sayohat qila oladigan va

and visit the Enceladus interplanetary geyser park,

va Enselada sayyoralar aro geyzer hiyoboniga tashrif buyur oladigan

just because we can.

kunni tasavvur qilib ko'ring-a!

Thank you.

Rahmat.

(Applause)

(Qarsaklar)