How to control someone else's arm with your brain | Greg Gage

10,071,398 views ใƒป 2015-04-28

TED


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

ืžืชืจื’ื: Ido Dekkers ืžื‘ืงืจ: Tal Dekkers
ื”ืžื•ื— ื”ื•ื ืื™ื‘ืจ ืžื“ื”ื™ื ื•ืžื•ืจื›ื‘.
00:14
The brain is an amazing and complex organ.
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00:17
And while many people are fascinated by the brain,
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ื•ื‘ืขื•ื“ ื”ืจื‘ื” ืื ืฉื™ื ืžื•ืงืกืžื™ื ืžื”ืžื•ื—,
ื”ื ืœื ื‘ืืžืช ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื’ื™ื“ ื”ืจื‘ื”
00:20
they can't really tell you that much
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00:21
about the properties about how the brain works
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ืขืœ ื”ืชื›ื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืื™ืš ื”ืžื•ื— ืขื•ื‘ื“
ืžืคื ื™ ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืœื ืžืœืžื“ื™ื ืืช ืžื“ืขื™ ื”ืžื•ื— ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืกืคืจ.
00:24
because we don't teach neuroscience in schools.
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00:26
And one of the reasons why is that the equipment
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ื•ืื—ืช ื”ืกื™ื‘ื•ืช ืœื›ืš ื”ื™ื ืฉื”ืฆื™ื•ื“
00:28
is so complex and so expensive
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ื›ืœ ื›ืš ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ ื•ื™ืงืจ
00:31
that it's really only done at major universities and large institutions.
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ืฉื–ื” ื ืขืฉื” ืจืง ื‘ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกื™ื˜ืื•ืช ื’ื“ื•ืœื•ืช ื•ืžื›ื•ื ื™ื ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื.
00:35
And so in order to be able to access the brain,
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ืื– ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืกื•ื’ืœื™ื ืœื’ืฉืช ืœืžื•ื—,
00:37
you really need to dedicate your life
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ืืชื ื‘ืืžืช ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ืงื“ื™ืฉ ืืช ื—ื™ื™ื›ื
00:39
and spend six and a half years as a graduate student
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ื•ืœื‘ืœื•ืช ืฉืฉ ื•ื—ืฆื™ ืฉื ื™ื ื›ืกื˜ื•ื“ื ื˜ ืœืชื•ืืจ ืจืืฉื•ืŸ
00:42
just to become a neuroscientist to get access to these tools.
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ืจืง ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืœืžื“ืขืŸ ืžื•ื— ื›ื“ื™ ืœืงื‘ืœ ื’ื™ืฉื” ืœื›ืœื™ื ื”ืืœื”.
00:45
And that's a shame because one out of five of us,
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ื•ื–ื” ื—ื‘ืœ ื›ื™ ืœืื—ื“ ืžื›ืœ ื—ืžื™ืฉื” ืžืื™ืชื ื•,
00:47
that's 20 percent of the entire world, will have a neurological disorder.
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ื–ื” 20 ืื—ื•ื– ืžื›ืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื, ืชื”ื™ื” ื”ืคืจืขื” ื ื™ื•ืจื•ืœื•ื’ื™ืช.
00:51
And there are zero cures for these diseases.
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ื•ื™ืฉ ืืคืก ืคืชืจื•ื ื•ืช ืœืจืคื ืืช ื”ืžื—ืœื•ืช ื”ืืœื•.
00:54
And so it seems that what we should be doing
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ื•ื›ืš ื ืจืื” ืฉืžื” ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช
00:57
is reaching back earlier in the eduction process
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ื–ื” ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืžื•ืงื“ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš
00:59
and teaching students about neuroscience so that in the future,
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ื•ืœืœืžื“ ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื ืขืœ ืžื“ืขื™ ื”ืžื•ื— ื›ืš ืฉื‘ืขืชื™ื“,
01:04
they may be thinking about possibly becoming a brain scientist.
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ื”ื ื™ื•ื›ืœื• ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืขืœ ื”ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืฉืœ ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืœืžื“ืขื ื™ ืžื•ื—.
ื›ืฉื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืกื˜ื•ื“ื ื˜ ืœืชื•ืืจ ืจืืฉื•ืŸ, ื—ื‘ืจื™ ืœืžืขื‘ื“ื” ื˜ื™ื ืžืจื–ื•ืœื• ื•ืื ื™,
01:08
When I was a graduate student, my lab mate Tim Marzullo and myself,
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01:11
decided that what if we took this complex equipment that we have
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ื”ื—ืœื˜ื ื• ืฉืžื” ืื ื ื™ืงื— ืืช ื”ืฆื™ื•ื“ ื”ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ ืฉืœื ื•
01:15
for studying the brain and made it simple enough and affordable enough
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ืœื—ืงืจ ื”ืžื•ื— ื•ื ื”ืคื•ืš ืื•ืชื• ืœืคืฉื•ื˜ ืžืกืคื™ืง ื•ื‘ืจ ื”ืฉื’ื” ืžืกืคื™ืง
01:19
that anyone that you know, an amateur or a high school student,
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ืฉื›ืœ ืžื™ ืฉืืชื ืžื›ื™ืจื™ื, ื—ื•ื‘ื‘ืŸ ืื• ืชืœืžื™ื“ ืชื™ื›ื•ืŸ,
01:22
could learn and actually participate in the discovery of neuroscience.
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ื™ื•ื›ืœื• ืœืœืžื•ื“ ื•ืœืžืขืฉื” ืœื”ืฉืชืชืฃ ื‘ื’ื™ืœื•ื™ ืฉืœ ืžื“ืขื™ ื”ืžื•ื—.
01:25
And so we did just that.
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ื•ื›ืš ืขืฉื™ื ื• ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ืืช ื–ื”.
01:27
A few years ago, we started a company called Backyard Brains
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ืœืคื ื™ ื›ืžื” ืฉื ื™ื, ื™ืกื“ื ื• ื—ื‘ืจื” ืฉื ืงืจืืช ื‘ืงื™ื™ืืจื“ ื‘ืจื™ื™ื ืก
01:30
and we make DIY neuroscience equipment and I brought some here tonight,
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ื•ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื•ืฆืจื™ื ืฆื™ื•ื“ ืขืฉื” ื–ืืช ื‘ืขืฆืžืš ืœื—ืงืจ ื”ืžื•ื— ื•ื”ื‘ืืชื™ ื—ืœืง ืœื›ืืŸ ื”ืขืจื‘,
01:34
and I want to do some demonstrations.
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ื•ืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื›ืžื” ื”ื“ื’ืžื•ืช.
01:37
You guys want to see some?
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ืืชื ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœืจืื•ืช ื›ืžื”?
01:38
So I need a volunteer.
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ืื– ืื ื™ ืฆืจื™ืš ืžืชื ื“ื‘.
01:41
So right before -- what is your name? (Applause)
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ืื– ืžืžืฉ ืœืคื ื™ -- ืžื” ืฉืžืš? (ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
01:44
Sam Kelly: Sam.
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ืกืื ืงืœื™: ืกืื.
01:45
Greg Gage: All right, Sam, I'm going to record from your brain.
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ื’ืจื’ ื’ื™ื™ื’': ื‘ืกื“ืจ, ืกืื, ืื ื™ ืขื•ืžื“ ืœื”ืงืœื™ื˜ ืžื”ืžื•ื— ืฉืœืš.
01:48
Have you had this before?
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ื”ืื ืขืฉื™ืช ื–ืืช ื‘ืขื‘ืจ?
01:49
SK: No.
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ืก.ืง: ืœื.
01:50
GG: I need you to stick out your arm for science,
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ื’.ื’: ืื ื™ ืฆืจื™ืš ืฉืชื•ืฉื™ื˜ื™ ืืช ื–ืจื•ืขืš ืœืžืขืŸ ื”ืžื“ืข,
01:53
roll up your sleeve a bit,
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ืงืคืœื™ ืืช ืฉืจื•ื•ืœืš ืžืขื˜,
01:54
So what I'm going to do, I'm putting electrodes on your arm,
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ืื– ืžื” ืฉืื ื™ ืืขืฉื”, ืื ื™ ืืฉื™ื ืืœืงื˜ืจื•ื“ื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ื–ืจื•ืข ืฉืœืš,
01:57
and you're probably wondering,
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ื•ืืชื ื›ื ืจืื” ืชื•ื”ื™ื,
01:59
I just said I'm going to record from your brain, what am I doing with your arm?
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ื›ืจื’ื“ืข ืืžืจืชื™ ืฉืื ื™ ืืงืœื™ื˜ ืžื”ืžื•ื— ืฉืœืš, ืžื” ืื ื™ ืขื•ืฉื” ืขื ื”ื–ืจื•ืข?
02:02
Well, you have about 80 billion neurons inside your brain right now.
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ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื‘ืขืจืš 80 ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ื ื™ื•ืจื•ื ื™ื ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ืžื•ื— ื›ืจื’ืข.
02:06
They're sending electrical messages back and forth, and chemical messages.
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ื”ื ืฉื•ืœื—ื™ื ืžืกืจื™ื ื—ืฉืžืœื™ื™ื, ื•ืžืกืจื™ื ื›ื™ืžื™ื™ื.
02:09
But some of your neurons right here in your motor cortex
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ืื‘ืœ ื›ืžื” ืžื”ื ื™ื•ืจื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœืš ืžืžืฉ ืคื” ื‘ืื•ื ื” ื”ืžื•ื˜ื•ืจื™ืช ืฉืœืš
02:12
are going to send messages down when you move your arm like this.
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ื™ืฉืœื—ื• ืžืกืจื™ื ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ืฉืืช ืžื ื™ืขื” ืืช ื”ื–ืจื•ืข ืฉืœืš ื›ืš.
02:15
They're going to go down across your corpus callosum,
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ื”ื ื™ืจื“ื• ืœืžื˜ื” ืœืื•ืจืš ื”ืงื•ืจืคื•ืก ืงื•ืœื•ืกื•ื ืฉืœืš,
02:17
down onto your spinal cord to your lower motor neuron
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ืœืžื˜ื” ืœืชื•ืš ื—ื•ื˜ ื”ืฉื“ืจื” ืฉืœืš ืœื ื™ื•ืจื•ื ื™ ื”ืชื ื•ืขื” ื”ื ืžื•ื›ื™ื ืฉืœืš
02:20
out to your muscles here,
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ื•ืืœ ื”ืฉืจื™ืจื™ื ืคื”,
02:21
and that electrical discharge is going to be picked up
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ื•ื”ืฉื—ืจื•ืจ ื”ื—ืฉืžืœื™ ื”ื–ื” ื™ืชืคืก
02:24
by these electrodes right here
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ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืฉืœื•ืฉ ื”ืืœืงื˜ืจื•ื“ื•ืช ื”ืืœื• ืคื”
02:25
and we're going to be able to listen
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ื•ืื ื—ื ื• ื ื”ื™ื™ื” ืžืกื•ื’ืœื™ื ืœื”ืงืฉื™ื‘
02:27
to exactly what your brain is going to be doing.
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ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ืœืžื” ืฉื”ืžื•ื— ืฉืœืš ื™ืขืฉื”.
02:29
So I'm going to turn this on for a second.
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ืื– ืื ื™ ืขื•ืžื“ ืœื”ื“ืœื™ืง ืื– ื–ื” ืจื’ืข.
02:31
Have you ever heard what your brain sounds like?
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ื”ืื ืื™ ืคืขื ืฉืžืขืช ืื™ืš ื”ืžื•ื— ืฉืœืš ื ืฉืžืข?
ืก.ืง: ืœื.
02:34
SK: No.
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ื’.ื’: ื‘ืกื“ืจ, ื‘ื•ืื• ื ื ืกื” ืืช ื–ื”. ืื– ืชื ืกื™ ืœื›ื•ื•ืฅ ืืš ื”ื™ื“.
02:35
GG: Let's try it out. So go ahead and squeeze your hand.
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02:37
(Rumbling)
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(ืจืขืฉื™ื)
02:38
So what you're listening to,
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ืื– ืžื” ืฉืืชื ืฉื•ืžืขื™ื,
02:40
so this is your motor units happening right here.
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ืื– ื–ื” ื™ื—ื™ื“ื•ืช ื”ืชื ื•ืขื” ืฉืœืš ืฉืžืชืจื—ืฉื•ืช ืคื”.
02:44
Let's take a look at it as well.
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ื‘ื•ืื• ื’ื ื ื‘ื™ื˜ ื‘ื–ื”.
02:46
So I'm going to stand over here,
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ืื– ืื ื™ ืืขืžื•ื“ ืคื”.
02:49
and I'm going to open up our app here.
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ื•ืื ื™ ืืคืชื— ืืช ื”ืืคืœื™ืงืฆื™ื” ืฉืœื ื•.
02:52
So now I want you to squeeze.
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ืื– ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืฉืชื›ื•ื•ืฆื™.
02:53
(Rumbling)
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(ืจืขืฉื™ื)
02:54
So right here, these are the motor units that are happening
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ืื– ืžืžืฉ ืคื”, ื”ื ื” ื™ื—ื™ื“ื•ืช ื”ืชื ื•ืขื” ืฉืœืš ืฉืžืชืจื—ืฉื•ืช
02:57
from her spinal cord out to her muscle right here,
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ืžืขืžื•ื“ ื”ืฉื“ืจื” ืœืฉืจื™ืจื™ื ืคื”.
ื•ื›ืฉื”ื™ื ืขื•ืฉื” ืืช ื–ื”,
03:00
and as she's doing it,
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03:01
you're seeing the electrical activity that's happening here.
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ืืชื ืจื•ืื™ื ืืช ื”ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื”ื—ืฉืžืœื™ืช ืฉืžืชืจื—ืฉืช ืคื”.
ืืชื ืืคื™ืœื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืงืœื™ืง ืคื” ื•ืœื ืกื•ืช ืœืจืื•ืช ืื—ื“ ืžื”ื.
03:04
You can even click here and try to see one of them.
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03:06
So keep doing it really hard.
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ืื– ืชืžืฉื™ื›ื™ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืืช ื–ื” ืžืžืฉ ื—ื–ืง.
ืื– ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืขืฆืจื ื•
03:08
So now we've paused
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ืขืœ ืื—ืช ื”ืคืขื•ืœื•ืช ื”ืžื•ื˜ื•ืจื™ื•ืช ืฉืžืชืจื—ืฉื•ืช ืžืžืฉ ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ืžื•ื— ืฉืœืš.
03:09
on one motor action potential that's happening right now inside of your brain.
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03:13
Do you guys want to see some more?
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ืืชื ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœืจืื•ืช ืขื•ื“?
03:15
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
03:16
That's interesting, but let's get it better.
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ื–ื” ืžืขื ื™ื™ืŸ, ืื‘ืœ ื‘ื•ื ื ืขืฉื” ืืช ื–ื” ื˜ื•ื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ.
03:18
I need one more volunteer.
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ืื ื™ ืฆืจื™ืš ืขื•ื“ ืžืชื ื“ื‘.
03:21
What is your name, sir?
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ืžื” ืฉืžืš ืื“ื•ื ื™?
ืžื™ื’ืœ ื’ื•ื ืงืœื‘ืก: ืžื™ื’ืœ.
03:24
Miguel Goncalves: Miguel.
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ื’.ื’: ืžื™ื’ืœ, ื‘ืกื“ืจ.
03:25
GG: Miguel, all right.
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03:26
You're going to stand right here.
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ืืชื” ืชืขืžื•ื“ ืคื”.
03:27
So when you're moving your arm like this,
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ืื– ื›ืฉืืช ืžื–ื™ื–ื” ืืช ื”ื™ื“ ื›ืš,
03:29
your brain is sending a signal down to your muscles right here.
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ื”ืžื•ื— ืฉืœืš ืฉื•ืœื— ืื•ืช ื‘ืžื•ืจื“ ื”ืฉืจื™ืจื™ื ืคื”.
03:33
I want you to move your arm as well.
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ืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืฉื’ื ืืชื” ืชื ื™ืข ืืช ื”ื–ืจื•ืข.
03:34
So your brain is going to send a signal down to your muscles.
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ืื– ื”ืžื•ื— ืฉืœืš ืขื•ืžื“ ืœืฉืœื•ื— ืื•ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ืœืฉืจื™ืจื™ื ืฉืœืš.
03:37
And so it turns out that there is a nerve that's right here
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ืื– ืžืกืชื‘ืจ ืฉื™ืฉ ืขืฆื‘ ืžืžืฉ ืคื”
03:41
that runs up here that innervates these three fingers,
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ืฉืจืฅ ืœืžืขืœื” ืคื” ืฉืžืชืงืฉืจ ืขื ืฉืœื•ืฉ ื”ืืฆื‘ืขื•ืช ื”ืืœื•,
03:44
and it's close enough to the skin that we might be able
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ื•ื”ื•ื ืงืจื•ื‘ ืžืกืคื™ืง ืœืขื•ืจ ืฉืื•ืœื™ ื ื”ื™ื” ืžืกื•ื’ืœื™ื
03:47
to stimulate that so that what we can do
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ืœื’ืจื•ืช ืื•ืชื• ื›ืš ืฉืžื” ืฉื ื•ื›ืœ ืœืขืฉื•ืช
03:49
is copy your brain signals going out to your hand
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ื–ื” ืœื”ืขืชื™ืง ืืช ืื•ืชื•ืช ื”ืžื•ื— ืฉืœืš ืฉื™ื•ืฆืื™ื ืœื™ื“ ืฉืœืš
03:52
and inject it into your hand,
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ื•ืœื”ื–ืจื™ืง ืื•ืชื ืœืชื•ืš ื”ื™ื“ ืฉืœืš,
03:54
so that your hand will move when your brain tells your hand to move.
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ื›ืš ืฉื”ื™ื“ ืฉืœืš ืชื ื•ืข ื›ืฉื”ืžื•ื— ืฉืœืš ืื•ืžืจ ืœื™ื“ ืฉืœืš ืœื–ื•ื–.
03:57
So in a sense, she will take away your free will
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ืื– ื‘ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ืžืกื•ื™ื™ื, ื”ื™ื ืชื™ืงื— ืžืžืš ืืช ื”ืจืฆื•ืŸ ื”ื—ื•ืคืฉื™
04:00
and you will no longer have any control over this hand.
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ื•ืœืš ืœื ืชื”ื™ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืœื™ื˜ื” ืขืœ ื”ื™ื“ ื”ื–ื•.
04:03
You with me?
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ืืชื ืื™ืชื™?
04:05
So I just need to hook you up.
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ืื– ืื ื™ ืจืง ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื—ื‘ืจ ืื•ืชืš.
04:07
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
04:09
So I'm going to find your ulnar nerve,
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ืื– ืื ื™ ืขื•ืžื“ ืœืžืฆื•ื ืืช ืขืฆื‘ ื”ืื•ืœื ืจ ืฉืœืš
04:11
which is probably right around here.
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ืฉื›ื ืจืื” ื ืžืฆื ื‘ืขืจืš ืคื”.
04:14
You don't know what you're signing up for
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ืืชื” ืœื ื™ื•ื“ืข ืœืžื” ื”ืชื ื“ื‘ืช
04:16
when you come up.
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ื›ืฉืขืœื™ืช.
04:17
So now I'm going to move away and we're going to plug it in
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ืื– ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืื ื™ ืขื•ืžื“ ืœื–ื•ื– ื•ืื ื—ื ื• ื ื—ื‘ืจ ืืช ื–ื”
ืœืžืžืฉืง ืื“ื ืœืื“ื ืคื”.
04:20
to our human-to-human interface over here.
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04:24
Okay, so Sam, I want you to squeeze your hand again.
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ืื•ืงื™ื™, ืื– ืกืื, ืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืฉืชืœื—ืฆื™ ืืช ื™ื“ืš ืฉื•ื‘.
04:29
Do it again. Perfect.
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ืขืฉื™ ื–ืืช ืฉื•ื‘, ืžืขื•ืœื”.
04:31
So now I'm going to hook you up over here so that you get the --
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ืื– ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืื ื™ ืื ืกื” ืœื—ื‘ืจ ืื•ืชืš ืคื” ื›ืš ืฉืชืงื‘ืœ --
04:34
It's going to feel a little bit weird at first,
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ื–ื” ืขื•ืžื“ ืœื”ืจื’ื™ืฉ ืžืขื˜ ืžื•ื–ืจ ื‘ื”ืชื—ืœื”,
04:36
this is going to feel like a -- (Laughter)
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ื–ื” ืขื•ืžื“ ืœื”ืจื’ื™ืฉ ื›ืžื• -- (ืฆื—ื•ืง)
04:38
You know, when you lose your free will, and someone else becomes your agent,
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ืืชื” ื™ื•ื“ืข, ื›ืฉืืชื” ืžืื‘ื“ ืืช ื”ืจืฆื•ืŸ ื”ื—ื•ืคืฉื™, ื•ืžื™ืฉื”ื• ืื—ืจ ื”ื•ืคืš ืœืฉื•ืœื˜,
04:42
it does feel a bit strange.
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ื–ื” ื‘ืืžืช ืžืจื’ื™ืฉ ืงืฆืช ืžื•ื–ืจ.
04:44
Now I want you to relax your hand.
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืฉืชืจืคื” ืืช ื”ื™ื“.
04:46
Sam, you're with me?
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ืกืื, ืืช ืื™ืชื™?
04:47
So you're going to squeeze.
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ืื– ืืช ืขื•ืžื“ืช ืœืœื—ื•ืฅ.
04:48
I'm not going to turn it on yet, so go ahead and give it a squeeze.
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ืื ื™ ืœื ืื“ืœื™ืง ืืช ื–ื” ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ, ืื– ื‘ื•ืื™ ืชืœื—ืฆื™.
04:52
So now, are you ready, Miguel?
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ืื– ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ืืชื” ืžื•ื›ืŸ, ืžื™ื’ืœ?
04:54
MG: Ready as I'll ever be.
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ืž.ื’: ืžื•ื›ืŸ ื›ืžื” ืฉืื ื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช.
04:56
GG: I've turned it on, so go ahead and turn your hand.
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ื’.ื’: ื”ื“ืœืงืชื™ ืืช ื–ื”, ืื– ืชืกื•ื‘ื‘ื™ ืืช ื”ื™ื“.
04:59
Do you feel that a little bit? MG: Nope.
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ืืชื” ืžืจื’ื™ืฉ ืžืขื˜? ืž.ื’: ืœื.
05:01
GG: Okay, do it again? MG: A little bit.
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ื’.ื’: ืื•ืงื™ื™, ืชืขืฉื” ืืช ื–ื” ืฉื•ื‘? ืž.ื’: ืžืขื˜.
05:03
GG: A little bit? (Laughter)
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ื’.ื’: ืžืขื˜? (ืฆื—ื•ืง)
05:04
So relax.
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ืื– ืชืจืคื™.
05:05
So hit it again.
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ืื– ืชื ืกื™ ืืช ื–ื” ืฉื•ื‘.
05:07
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
05:08
Oh, perfect, perfect.
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ืื•, ืžืขื•ืœื”, ืžืขื•ืœื”.
05:10
So relax, do it again.
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ืื– ืชืจืคื™, ืชืขืฉื™ ืืช ื–ื” ืฉื•ื‘.
05:12
All right, so right now,
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ื‘ืกื“ืจ, ืื– ืขื›ืฉื™ื•,
05:14
your brain is controlling your arm and it's also controlling his arm,
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ื”ืžื•ื— ืฉืœืš ืฉื•ืœื˜ ื‘ื–ืจื•ืข ืฉืœืš ื•ื–ื” ื’ื ืฉื•ืœื˜ ื‘ื–ืจื•ืข ืฉืœื•,
05:19
so go ahead and just do it one more time.
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ืื– ืชื ืกื™ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืืช ื–ื” ืฉื•ื‘.
05:21
All right, so it's perfect. (Laughter)
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ื‘ืกื“ืจ, ืื– ื–ื” ืžืขื•ืœื”. (ืฆื—ื•ืง)
05:23
So now, what would happen if I took over my control of your hand?
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ืื– ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ืžื” ื™ืงืจื” ืื ืื ื™ ืืงื— ืฉืœื™ื˜ื” ืขืœ ื”ื™ื“ ืฉืœืš?
05:27
And so, just relax your hand.
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ื•ื›ืš, ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืชืจืคื™ ืืช ื”ื™ื“.
05:29
What happens?
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ืžื” ืงื•ืจื”?
05:31
Ah, nothing.
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ืื”, ื›ืœื•ื.
05:32
Why not?
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ืœืžื” ืœื?
05:34
Because the brain has to do it.
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ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื”ืžื•ื— ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืืช ื–ื”.
05:35
So you do it again.
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ืื– ืชืขืฉื™ ืืช ื–ื” ืฉื•ื‘.
05:37
All right, that's perfect.
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ื‘ืกื“ืจ, ื–ื” ืžืขื•ืœื”.
05:39
Thank you guys for being such a good sport.
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ืชื•ื“ื” ืœื›ื ื—ื‘ืจื” ืฉื”ื™ื™ืชื ื›ืืœื” ื—ื‘ืจืžื ื™ื.
05:42
This is what's happening all across the world --
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ื–ื” ืžื” ืฉืงื•ืจื” ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื --
05:44
electrophysiology!
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ืืœืงื˜ืจื•ืคื™ื–ื™ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื”!
05:45
We're going to bring on the neuro-revolution.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืขื•ืžื“ื™ื ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ืืช ืžื”ืคื›ืช ื”ื ื™ื•ืจื•.
05:48
Thank you.
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ืชื•ื“ื” ืœื›ื.
05:49
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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