How to control someone else's arm with your brain | Greg Gage

10,036,890 views ใƒป 2015-04-28

TED


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ฒˆ์—ญ: Jina Bae ๊ฒ€ํ† : Jihyeon J. Kim
๋‡Œ๋Š” ์•„์ฃผ ๋ฉ‹์ง€๊ณ  ๋ณต์žกํ•œ ์žฅ๊ธฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:14
The brain is an amazing and complex organ.
0
14318
2952
00:17
And while many people are fascinated by the brain,
1
17627
2441
๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์ด๊ฒƒ์— ๋งคํ˜น๋˜๋Š” ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด์—
๋‡Œ์˜ ํŠน์ง•์ด๋‚˜ ์ž‘๋™์›๋ฆฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ ์ž˜ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:20
they can't really tell you that much
2
20093
1742
00:21
about the properties about how the brain works
3
21865
2237
ํ•™๊ต์—์„œ ์‹ ๊ฒฝ๊ณผํ•™์„ ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์ฃ .
00:24
because we don't teach neuroscience in schools.
4
24142
2313
00:26
And one of the reasons why is that the equipment
5
26455
2443
๊ทธ ์ด์œ  ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š” ์žฅ๋น„๊ฐ€ ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๋ณต์žกํ•˜๊ณ  ๋น„์‹ธ์„œ
00:28
is so complex and so expensive
6
28898
2659
00:31
that it's really only done at major universities and large institutions.
7
31557
4146
์ฃผ์š” ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ณผ ํฐ ๊ธฐ๊ด€์—์„œ๋งŒ ๋‹ค๋ค„์งˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:35
And so in order to be able to access the brain,
8
35703
2239
๋‡Œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์•Œ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์˜ ์ธ์ƒ์„ ๋ฐ”์ณ์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:37
you really need to dedicate your life
9
37942
1825
00:39
and spend six and a half years as a graduate student
10
39767
2480
6๋…„ ๋ฐ˜๋™์•ˆ ๋Œ€ํ•™์›์—์„œ ๊ณต๋ถ€ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:42
just to become a neuroscientist to get access to these tools.
11
42247
2955
์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋„๊ตฌ๋“ค์„ ์“ธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์‹ ๊ฒฝ๊ณผํ•™์ž๊ฐ€ ๋˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ์š”.
00:45
And that's a shame because one out of five of us,
12
45202
2337
์ด๊ฒŒ ์ฐธ ์œ ๊ฐ์ธ ๊ฒƒ์ด ์„ธ๊ณ„์˜ 20%๋Š” ์‹ ๊ฒฝ ์žฅ์• ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:47
that's 20 percent of the entire world, will have a neurological disorder.
13
47539
3826
00:51
And there are zero cures for these diseases.
14
51365
3431
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์žฅ์• ์— ์น˜๋ฃŒ๋ฒ•์ด ์ „ํ˜€ ์—†์–ด์š”.
00:54
And so it seems that what we should be doing
15
54796
2219
๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•ด์•ผํ•˜๋Š” ์ผ์€ ์ดˆ๊ธฐ ๊ต์œก ์ ˆ์ฐจ๋ฅผ ๋Œ์•„๋ณด๊ณ 
00:57
is reaching back earlier in the eduction process
16
57015
2417
00:59
and teaching students about neuroscience so that in the future,
17
59432
4577
ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์‹ ๊ฒฝ๊ณผํ•™์„ ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
๋ฏธ๋ž˜์— ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ๋‡Œ๊ณผํ•™์ž๊ฐ€ ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ์š”.
01:04
they may be thinking about possibly becoming a brain scientist.
18
64009
3952
์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋Œ€ํ•™์›์ƒ์ผ๋•Œ, ์‹คํ—˜์‹ค ๋™๋ฃŒ ๋งˆ์ค„๋กœ์™€ ์ƒ๊ฐํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:08
When I was a graduate student, my lab mate Tim Marzullo and myself,
19
68064
3694
01:11
decided that what if we took this complex equipment that we have
20
71758
3881
์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ๋ณต์žกํ•œ ์žฅ๋น„๋“ค์„
01:15
for studying the brain and made it simple enough and affordable enough
21
75639
3399
๊ฐ„ํŽธํ•˜๊ณ  ์ €๋ ดํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด ๋‡Œ ํ•™์Šต์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ฐ€์ ธ๊ฐ„๋‹ค๋ฉด
01:19
that anyone that you know, an amateur or a high school student,
22
79038
3316
์•„๋งˆ์ถ”์–ด๋‚˜ ๊ณ ๋“ฑํ•™์ƒ๋“ค๋„
01:22
could learn and actually participate in the discovery of neuroscience.
23
82354
3482
์‹ ๊ฒฝ๊ณผํ•™์˜ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ์— ์ •๋ง๋กœ ์ฐธ์—ฌํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ฐฐ์šธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ง€ ์•Š์„๊นŒ ํ•˜๊ณ ์š”.
01:25
And so we did just that.
24
85836
1737
๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:27
A few years ago, we started a company called Backyard Brains
25
87573
2893
๋ช‡ ํ•ด ์ „์—, ๋ฐฑ์•ผ๋“œ ๋ธŒ๋ ˆ์ธ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ํšŒ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์ฐฝ์—…ํ•ด์„œ
01:30
and we make DIY neuroscience equipment and I brought some here tonight,
26
90466
4405
DIY ์‹ ๊ฒฝ๊ณผํ•™ ์žฅ๋น„๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ค๋Š˜ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ช‡๊ฐ€์ง€๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์™”์–ด์š”.
01:34
and I want to do some demonstrations.
27
94871
2506
์žฅ๋น„ ์‹œ๋ฒ”์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์‹ถ์€๋ฐ์š”.
01:37
You guys want to see some?
28
97377
1434
๋ณด๊ณ  ์‹ถ์œผ์‹ ๊ฐ€์š”?
01:38
So I need a volunteer.
29
98811
2963
์ž, ๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ์ง€์›์ž ํ•œ๋ถ„์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:41
So right before -- what is your name? (Applause)
30
101774
2253
๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๊ธฐ์ „์—, ์„ฑํ•จ์ด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋˜์‹œ์ฃ ? (๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
01:44
Sam Kelly: Sam.
31
104027
1043
์ƒ˜ ์ผˆ๋ฆฌ: ์ƒ˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:45
Greg Gage: All right, Sam, I'm going to record from your brain.
32
105070
3025
๊ทธ๋ ˆ๊ทธ ๊ฒŒ์ด์ง€: ์ข‹์•„์š”, ์ƒ˜, ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ๋‘๋‡Œ ์†์„ ๋…นํ™”ํ•  ๊บผ์˜ˆ์š”.
01:48
Have you had this before?
33
108095
1754
์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์ด ์žˆ๋‚˜์š”?
01:49
SK: No.
34
109849
1101
01:50
GG: I need you to stick out your arm for science,
35
110950
2314
์ƒ˜: ์•„๋‹ˆ์š”.
ํŒ”์— ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ์ข€ ๋ถ€์ฐฉํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:53
roll up your sleeve a bit,
36
113264
1569
์†Œ๋งค๋ฅผ ์•ฝ๊ฐ„ ๊ฑท์–ด์ฃผ์„ธ์š”.
01:54
So what I'm going to do, I'm putting electrodes on your arm,
37
114833
2880
์ „๊ทน์„ ๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ํŒ”์— ์˜ฌ๋ ค ๋†“์„ ๊ฑฐ์˜ˆ์š”.
01:57
and you're probably wondering,
38
117713
1489
์•„๋งˆ ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๊ถ๊ธˆํ•  ๊ฑฐ์˜ˆ์š”.
01:59
I just said I'm going to record from your brain, what am I doing with your arm?
39
119202
3739
๋ฐฉ๊ธˆ ์ „์— ๋‘๋‡Œ๋ฅผ ์ดฌ์˜ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•˜๊ณค ํŒ”๋กœ ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ํ•˜๋ ค๋Š” ๊ฑด์ง€์š”.
02:02
Well, you have about 80 billion neurons inside your brain right now.
40
122941
3234
๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ๋‘๋˜ ์†์— 800์–ต๊ฐœ์˜ ์‹ ๊ฒฝ์„ธํฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:06
They're sending electrical messages back and forth, and chemical messages.
41
126175
3488
๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ „์ž ์‹ ํ˜ธ์™€ ํ™”ํ•™ ์‹ ํ˜ธ๋ฅผ ์ฃผ๊ณ  ๋ฐ›์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:09
But some of your neurons right here in your motor cortex
42
129663
2673
ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋ช‡๋ช‡์˜ ์‹ ๊ฒฝ์„ธํฌ๋“ค์€ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์šด๋™ ํ”ผ์งˆ์— ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:12
are going to send messages down when you move your arm like this.
43
132336
3095
์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํŒ”์„ ์›€์ง์ผ ๋•Œ ์‹ ํ˜ธ๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋‚ผ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:15
They're going to go down across your corpus callosum,
44
135431
2484
๊ทธ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์€ ๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ๋‡Œ๋Ÿ‰์„ ํ†ตํ•ด์„œ ๋‚ด๋ ค๊ฐˆ๊ฑฐ์˜ˆ์š”.
02:17
down onto your spinal cord to your lower motor neuron
45
137915
2534
์ฒ™์ถ”๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด์„œ ํ•˜๋ถ€ ์šด๋™ ์‹ ๊ฒฝ์„ธํฌ์™€ ๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ๊ทผ์œก๋“ค๋กœ์š”.
02:20
out to your muscles here,
46
140449
1269
02:21
and that electrical discharge is going to be picked up
47
141718
2609
์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์ „๊ธฐ์„ ๋“ค๋กœ ์ „๊ธฐ ๋ฐฉ์ถœ์ด ๊ฒ€์ถœ ๋ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:24
by these electrodes right here
48
144327
1534
02:25
and we're going to be able to listen
49
145861
1722
๋‘๋‡Œ๊ฐ€ ์ •ํ™•ํžˆ ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ํ•˜๋ ค๋Š”์ง€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋“ค์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:27
to exactly what your brain is going to be doing.
50
147583
2252
02:29
So I'm going to turn this on for a second.
51
149835
2000
์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ์ž ์‹œ๋งŒ ์ผœ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:31
Have you ever heard what your brain sounds like?
52
151835
2296
๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ๋‘๋‡Œ๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋–ค ์†Œ๋ฆฌ์ธ์ง€ ๋“ค์–ด ๋ณด์‹  ์ ์ด ์žˆ๋‚˜์š”?
์ƒ˜: ์•„๋‹ˆ์š”.
02:34
SK: No.
53
154131
1000
๊ทธ๋ ˆ๊ทธ: ์ž ์‹œ๋„ํ•ด๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค. ์†์„ ์›€์ผœ ์ฅ์–ด๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
02:35
GG: Let's try it out. So go ahead and squeeze your hand.
54
155166
2734
02:37
(Rumbling)
55
157900
1072
(์šฐ๋ฅด๋ฆ‰๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์†Œ๋ฆฌ)
02:38
So what you're listening to,
56
158972
1876
์ง€๊ธˆ ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ๋“ฃ๋Š” ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋Š”
02:40
so this is your motor units happening right here.
57
160848
3263
๋ฐ”๋กœ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๋Š” ๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ์šด๋™ ๋‹จ์œ„ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:44
Let's take a look at it as well.
58
164111
2081
์ž ์ด๊ฒƒ๋„ ํ•œ๋ฒˆ ๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค.
02:46
So I'm going to stand over here,
59
166192
2769
์ €๋Š” ์ด์ชฝ์— ์„œ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:49
and I'm going to open up our app here.
60
169009
2143
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์‘์šฉํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์„ ์—ด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:52
So now I want you to squeeze.
61
172028
1699
์ง€๊ธˆ ๋‹ค์‹œ ์›€์ผœ์ฅ์–ด ๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
02:53
(Rumbling)
62
173727
1000
(์šฐ๋ฅด๋ฆ‰๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์†Œ๋ฆฌ)
02:54
So right here, these are the motor units that are happening
63
174816
2858
์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์ด๋ถ„์˜ ์ฒ™์ถ”๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๊ทผ์œก ๋ฐ–์œผ๋กœ ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๋Š” ์šด๋™ ๋‹จ์œ„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:57
from her spinal cord out to her muscle right here,
64
177674
2459
์ด๋ถ„์ด ์ฅ˜ ๋•Œ๋งˆ๋‹ค ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๋Š” ์ „๊ธฐ ํ™œ๋™์„ ๋ณด๊ณ  ๊ณ„์‹ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:00
and as she's doing it,
65
180133
1222
03:01
you're seeing the electrical activity that's happening here.
66
181355
2834
์‹ฌ์ง€์–ด ์—ฌ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ˆŒ๋Ÿฌ์„œ ์ด๊ฒƒ๋“ค ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋ฅผ ๋ณด์‹ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
03:04
You can even click here and try to see one of them.
67
184189
2441
์•„์ฃผ ์„ธ๊ฒŒ ๊ณ„์† ํ•ด๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
03:06
So keep doing it really hard.
68
186630
1471
์ง€๊ธˆ ๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ๋‘๋‡Œ์•ˆ์—์„œ ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๋Š” ์ž ์žฌ ์šด๋™ ํ™œ๋™์—์„œ ์ž ์‹œ ๋ฉˆ์ท„์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:08
So now we've paused
69
188101
1070
03:09
on one motor action potential that's happening right now inside of your brain.
70
189171
4280
03:13
Do you guys want to see some more?
71
193451
1776
๋” ๋ณด๊ณ  ์‹ถ์œผ์‹ ๊ฐ€์š”?
03:15
(Applause)
72
195227
1583
(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
03:16
That's interesting, but let's get it better.
73
196810
2119
ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กญ๋„ค์š”. ๋” ์žฌ๋ฏธ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ํ•ด๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค.
03:18
I need one more volunteer.
74
198954
1324
์ง€์›์ž ํ•œ๋ถ„์ด ๋” ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:21
What is your name, sir?
75
201857
1630
์„ฑํ•จ์ด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋˜์‹œ์ฃ ?
๋ฏธ๊ตฌ์—˜ ๊ณค์นผ๋ธŒ์Šค: ๋ฏธ๊ตฌ์—˜์ด์˜ˆ์š”.
03:24
Miguel Goncalves: Miguel.
76
204000
1207
๊ทธ๋ ˆ๊ทธ: ๋ฏธ๊ตฌ์—˜, ์ข‹์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:25
GG: Miguel, all right.
77
205269
1131
03:26
You're going to stand right here.
78
206400
1576
์—ฌ๊ธฐ๋กœ ์„œ์ฃผ์„ธ์š”.
03:27
So when you're moving your arm like this,
79
207976
1992
๋‹น์‹ ์ด ํŒ”์„ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์›€์ง์ผ๋•Œ
03:29
your brain is sending a signal down to your muscles right here.
80
209968
3115
๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ๋‘๋‡Œ๋Š” ๊ทผ์œก์œผ๋กœ ์‹ ํ˜ธ๋ฅผ ๋‚ด๋ ค ๋ณด๋‚ผ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋„ ํŒ”์„ ์›€์ง์—ฌ ์ฃผ์„ธ์š”.
03:33
I want you to move your arm as well.
81
213083
1774
03:34
So your brain is going to send a signal down to your muscles.
82
214857
2874
๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ๋‘๋‡Œ๋„ ์‹ ํ˜ธ๋ฅผ ๊ทผ์œก์œผ๋กœ ๋‚ด๋ ค ๋ณด๋‚ผ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:37
And so it turns out that there is a nerve that's right here
83
217731
3849
์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์‹ ๊ฒฝ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ณณ์œผ๋กœ ๋Œ์•„๊ฐ‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:41
that runs up here that innervates these three fingers,
84
221580
2756
์ด ์„ธ ์†๊ฐ€๋ฝ์„ ์ž๊ทนํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณณ์œผ๋กœ ์˜ฌ๋ผ๊ฐ‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:44
and it's close enough to the skin that we might be able
85
224336
2676
์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ด๊ฒƒ๋“ค์„ ์ž๊ทนํ•˜๊ธฐ์— ํ”ผ๋ถ€์— ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํžˆ ๊ฐ€๊นŒ์›Œ์„œ
03:47
to stimulate that so that what we can do
86
227012
2334
๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ์†์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜๊ฐ€๋Š” ๋‘๋‡Œ ์‹ ํ˜ธ๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜์‹ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:49
is copy your brain signals going out to your hand
87
229346
3486
03:52
and inject it into your hand,
88
232832
1521
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ์†์— ์ฃผ์ž…ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ฃ .
03:54
so that your hand will move when your brain tells your hand to move.
89
234353
3373
๋‘๋‡Œ๊ฐ€ ์†์„ ์›€์ง์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ• ๋•Œ ์†์„ ์›€์ง์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:57
So in a sense, she will take away your free will
90
237726
3207
์–ด๋–ค ์˜๋ฏธ๋ก , ์ด๋ถ„์ด ๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ์ž์œ  ์˜์ง€๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ ธ๊ฐˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:00
and you will no longer have any control over this hand.
91
240933
2960
๋”์ด์ƒ ๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ์†์„ ํ†ต์ œํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์„ ๊ฑฐ์˜ˆ์š”.
04:03
You with me?
92
243964
1603
์ดํ•ดํ•˜์‹œ๊ฒ ์–ด์š”?
๋‘ ๋ถ„์„ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์—ฎ์–ด ๋“œ๋ฆด๊ฒŒ์š”.
04:05
So I just need to hook you up.
93
245567
2051
04:07
(Laughter)
94
247618
1751
(์›ƒ์Œ)
04:09
So I'm going to find your ulnar nerve,
95
249369
2061
๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ์ฒ™๊ณจ ์‹ ๊ฒฝ์„ ์ฐพ์„ ๊ฑด๋ฐ์š”, ์•„๋งˆ ์ด์ •๋„ ์ฏค์— ์žˆ์„๊ฑฐ์˜ˆ์š”.
04:11
which is probably right around here.
96
251430
1962
04:14
You don't know what you're signing up for
97
254630
2001
์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์˜ฌ๋ผ์˜ค์‹ค ๋•Œ ๋ฌด์Šจ ์ผ์— ์ฐธ์—ฌํ•  ์ง€ ๋ชจ๋ฅด์…จ์„ ๊ฑฐ์˜ˆ์š”.
04:16
when you come up.
98
256631
1095
04:17
So now I'm going to move away and we're going to plug it in
99
257734
2765
์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜ฎ๊ธฐ๊ณ  ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ๋Œ€์ธ๊ฐ„ ์ ‘์†๊ธฐ์— ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ ์‹œํ‚ฌ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:20
to our human-to-human interface over here.
100
260524
2051
04:24
Okay, so Sam, I want you to squeeze your hand again.
101
264345
3047
์ข‹์•„์š”. ์ƒ˜, ์†์„ ๋‹ค์‹œ ๊ฝ‰ ์ฅ์„ธ์š”.
04:29
Do it again. Perfect.
102
269194
1958
๋‹ค์‹œ์š”. ์™„๋ฒฝํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:31
So now I'm going to hook you up over here so that you get the --
103
271152
3003
์ง€๊ธˆ ์‹ ํ˜ธ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ๋‹น์‹ ์„ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ์‹œํ‚ฌ๊ฑฐ์˜ˆ์š”.
04:34
It's going to feel a little bit weird at first,
104
274155
2244
์ฒ˜์Œ์—”, ์ด์ƒํ•œ ๋Š๋‚Œ์ด ๋“ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
04:36
this is going to feel like a -- (Laughter)
105
276399
2464
๊ทธ ๋Š๋‚Œ์€ ๋งˆ์น˜...(์›ƒ์Œ)
04:38
You know, when you lose your free will, and someone else becomes your agent,
106
278863
3817
์•„์‹œ์ฃ , ๋‚ด ์ •์‹ ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๊ณ  ๋”ด ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ๋œ ๊ฒƒ๊ฐ™์€ ๋Š๋‚Œ์ด์š”.
04:42
it does feel a bit strange.
107
282680
1626
์ข€ ์ด์ƒํ•œ ๋Š๋‚Œ์ด์ฃ .
04:44
Now I want you to relax your hand.
108
284306
1902
์†์„ ํŽธ์•ˆํžˆ ํ•ด์ฃผ์„ธ์š”.
04:46
Sam, you're with me?
109
286208
1324
์ƒ˜, ์ดํ•ดํ•˜์‹œ๊ฒ ์–ด์š”?
04:47
So you're going to squeeze.
110
287532
1465
์ด์ œ ์†์„ ๊ฝ‰ ์ฅ๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฑฐ์˜ˆ์š”.
04:48
I'm not going to turn it on yet, so go ahead and give it a squeeze.
111
288997
3287
์•„์ง ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ํ‹€์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๊ฑฐ์˜ˆ์š”. ์ž, ์†์„ ์ฅ์–ด ๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
04:52
So now, are you ready, Miguel?
112
292284
1956
๋ฏธ๊ตฌ์—˜, ์ด์ œ ์ค€๋น„๋˜์…จ๋‚˜์š”?
04:54
MG: Ready as I'll ever be.
113
294240
1822
๋ฏธ๊ตฌ์—˜: ๋„ค ํ™•์‹คํžˆ ์ค€๋น„๋์–ด์š”.
04:56
GG: I've turned it on, so go ahead and turn your hand.
114
296062
3203
๊ทธ๋ ˆ๊ทธ: ์ผฐ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์†์„ ๋Œ๋ ค์ฃผ์„ธ์š”.
04:59
Do you feel that a little bit? MG: Nope.
115
299265
2033
์กฐ๊ธˆ ๋Š๊ปด์ง€์‹ญ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? ๋ฏธ๊ตฌ์—˜: ์•„๋‹ˆ์š”.
05:01
GG: Okay, do it again? MG: A little bit.
116
301298
1900
๊ทธ๋ ˆ๊ทธ: ์ž, ๋‹ค์‹œ ํ•œ๋ฒˆํ•ด์ฃผ์„ธ์š”. ๋ฏธ๊ตฌ์—˜: ์กฐ๊ธˆ์š”.
05:03
GG: A little bit? (Laughter)
117
303198
1686
๊ทธ๋ ˆ๊ทธ: ์กฐ๊ธˆ์š”? (์›ƒ์Œ)
05:04
So relax.
118
304884
1025
ํŽธ์•ˆํžˆ ํ•ด์ฃผ์„ธ์š”.
05:05
So hit it again.
119
305909
1416
๋‹ค์‹œ ํ•ด๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค.
05:07
(Laughter)
120
307325
1196
(์›ƒ์Œ)
05:08
Oh, perfect, perfect.
121
308521
1705
์˜ค, ์™„๋ฒฝํ•ด์š”.
05:10
So relax, do it again.
122
310226
1884
์ž ํŽธ์•ˆํžˆ ํ•˜์‹œ๊ณ , ๋‹ค์‹œ ํ•ด๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค.
05:12
All right, so right now,
123
312110
2768
์ข‹์•„์š”.
05:14
your brain is controlling your arm and it's also controlling his arm,
124
314878
4401
์ง€๊ธˆ ๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ๋‡Œ๊ฐ€ ๋‹น์‹ ๊ณผ ๋‚จ์ž ๋ถ„์˜ ํŒ”์„ ๋ชจ๋‘ ํ†ต์ œํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
05:19
so go ahead and just do it one more time.
125
319279
2192
๋‹ค์‹œ ํ•œ๋ฒˆ ๋” ํ•ด๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค.
05:21
All right, so it's perfect. (Laughter)
126
321471
2033
์ข‹์•„์š”. ์™„๋ฒฝํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.(์›ƒ์Œ)
05:23
So now, what would happen if I took over my control of your hand?
127
323504
3761
์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ์†์„ ํ†ต์ œํ•  ๋•Œ, ๋ฌด์Šจ ์ผ์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚ ๊นŒ์š”?
05:27
And so, just relax your hand.
128
327265
2243
์†์„ ํŽธ์•ˆํžˆ ํ•ด์ฃผ์„ธ์š”.
05:29
What happens?
129
329508
2218
๋ฌด์—‡์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚ฌ์ฃ ?
05:31
Ah, nothing.
130
331726
1034
์•„, ์•„๋ฌด๊ฒƒ๋„์š”.
05:32
Why not?
131
332760
1538
์–ด์งธ์„œ์ฃ ?
05:34
Because the brain has to do it.
132
334298
1695
๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ๋‘๋‡Œ๊ฐ€ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:35
So you do it again.
133
335993
1314
๋‹ค์‹œ ํ•ด๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
05:37
All right, that's perfect.
134
337346
2434
์ข‹์•„์š”. ์™„๋ฒฝํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:39
Thank you guys for being such a good sport.
135
339780
2539
์ด ๋†€์ด์— ์ฐธ์—ฌํ•ด ์ฃผ์…”์„œ ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:42
This is what's happening all across the world --
136
342319
2256
์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์ „์„ธ๊ณ„์—์„œ ๋ฒŒ์–ด์ง€๋Š” ์ผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:44
electrophysiology!
137
344575
1336
์ „์ž์ƒ๋ฆฌํ•™์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค!
05:45
We're going to bring on the neuro-revolution.
138
345911
2247
์‹ ๊ฒฝํ•™ ํ˜๋ช…์„ ๋ถˆ๋Ÿฌ์ผ์œผํ‚ฌ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:48
Thank you.
139
348158
1017
๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:49
(Applause)
140
349175
1753
(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

https://forms.gle/WvT1wiN1qDtmnspy7