Different ways of knowing | Daniel Tammet

1,010,987 views ใƒป 2011-06-22

TED


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

ืžืชืจื’ื: Yubal Masalker ืžื‘ืงืจ: Ido Dekkers
00:15
I'm a savant,
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ืื ื™ ืื“ื ืžืฉื›ื™ืœ,
00:17
or more precisely,
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ืื• ืœื™ืชืจ ื“ื™ื•ืง,
00:19
a high-functioning
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ืžืฉื›ื™ืœ ืื•ื˜ื™ืกื˜ื™
00:21
autistic savant.
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ื‘ืขืœ ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื”.
00:23
It's a rare condition.
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ื–ื”ื• ืžืฆื‘ ื ื“ื™ืจ.
00:25
And rarer still when accompanied,
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ื•ืขื•ื“ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื ื“ื™ืจ ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ื•ื ืžืœื•ื•ื”,
00:28
as in my case,
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ื›ืžื• ื‘ืžืงืจื” ืฉืœื™,
00:30
by self-awareness
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ื‘ืžื•ื“ืขื•ืช ืขืฆืžื™ืช
00:32
and a mastery of language.
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ื•ืฉืœื™ื˜ื” ื‘ืฉืคื”.
00:35
Very often when I meet someone
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ืœืขื™ืชื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช, ื›ืืฉืจ ืื ื™ ืคื•ื’ืฉ ืžื™ืฉื”ื•
00:38
and they learn this about me,
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ื•ื”ื ืœื•ืžื“ื™ื ืœื”ื›ื™ืจ ืื•ืชื™,
00:40
there's a certain kind of awkwardness.
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ื ื•ืฆืจืช ืžื™ืŸ ืžื‘ื•ื›ื”.
00:43
I can see it in their eyes.
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ืื ื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืจืื•ืช ืื•ืชื” ื‘ืขื™ื ื™ื”ื.
00:46
They want to ask me something.
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ื”ื ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœืฉืื•ืœ ืื•ืชื™ ืžืฉื”ื•.
00:49
And in the end, quite often,
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ื•ื‘ืกื•ืฃ, ืœืขื™ืชื™ื ื“ื™ ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช,
00:51
the urge is stronger than they are
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ื”ื“ื—ืฃ ืžืชื’ื‘ืจ ืขืœื™ื”ื
00:54
and they blurt it out:
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ื•ื”ื ืคื•ืœื˜ ื–ืืช ื”ื—ื•ืฆื”:
00:56
"If I give you my date of birth,
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"ืื ืืชืŸ ืœืš ืืช ืชืืจื™ืš ืœื™ื“ืชื™,
00:58
can you tell me what day of the week I was born on?"
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ื”ืื ืชื•ื›ืœ ืœื•ืžืจ ื‘ืื™ื–ื” ื™ื•ื ืฉืœ ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืข ื ื•ืœื“ืชื™?"
01:00
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
01:03
Or they mention cube roots
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ืื• ืฉื”ื ืžื–ื›ื™ืจื™ื ืฉื•ืจืฉ ืจื™ื‘ื•ืขื™
01:06
or ask me to recite a long number or long text.
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ืื• ืฉืžื‘ืงืฉื™ื ืžืžื ื™ ืœื“ืงืœื ืžืกืคืจ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืื• ื˜ืงืกื˜ ืืจื•ืš.
01:10
I hope you'll forgive me
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ืื ื™ ืžืงื•ื” ืฉืชืกืœื—ื• ืœื™
01:12
if I don't perform
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ืื ืœื ืืจื‘ื™ืฅ ื›ืืŸ ื”ื•ืคืขื”,
01:15
a kind of one-man savant show for you today.
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ืžื™ืŸ ื”ืฆื’ืช ื™ื—ื™ื“ ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœื›ื ืฉืœ ืื“ื ืžืฉื›ื™ืœ.
01:19
I'm going to talk instead
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ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื–ืืช ืื ื™ ืขื•ืžื“ ืœื“ื‘ืจ
01:22
about something
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ืขืœ ืžืฉื”ื•
01:24
far more interesting
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ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืขื ื™ื™ืŸ
01:26
than dates of birth or cube roots --
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ืžืืฉืจ ืชืืจื™ื›ื™ ืœื™ื“ื” ืื• ืฉื•ืจืฉื™ื ืžืจื•ื‘ืขื™ื --
01:29
a little deeper
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ืงืฆืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืขืžื™ืง
01:31
and a lot closer, to my mind, than work.
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ื•ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืงืจื•ื‘ ืœืœื™ื‘ื™ ืžืืฉืจ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”.
01:34
I want to talk to you briefly
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ื‘ืจืฆื•ื ื™ ืœื“ื‘ืจ ื‘ืงืฆืจื”
01:36
about perception.
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ืขืœ ืชืคื™ืกื”.
01:39
When he was writing the plays and the short stories
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ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ื•ื ื›ืชื‘ ืžื—ื–ื•ืช ื•ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ืงืฆืจื™ื
01:42
that would make his name,
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ืฉื”ื‘ื™ืื• ืœืคืจืกื•ืžื•,
01:44
Anton Chekhov kept a notebook
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ืื ื˜ื•ืŸ ืฆ'ื›ื•ื‘ ืฉืžืจ ืžื—ื‘ืจืช
01:47
in which he noted down
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ืฉื‘ื” ื”ื™ื” ืจื•ืฉื
01:49
his observations
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ืืช ืื‘ื—ื ื•ืชื™ื•
01:51
of the world around him --
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ืขืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื ืžืกื‘ื™ื‘ --
01:53
little details
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ืคืจื˜ื™ื ืงื˜ื ื™ื
01:55
that other people seem to miss.
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ืฉืื ืฉื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื ื ื•ื˜ื™ื ืœืคืกืคืก.
01:58
Every time I read Chekhov
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ื‘ื›ืœ ืคืขื ืฉืื ื™ ืงื•ืจื ืืช ืฆ'ื›ื•ื‘
02:01
and his unique vision of human life,
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ื•ืืช ืžื‘ื˜ื• ื”ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืขืœ ื—ื™ื™ ืื“ื,
02:05
I'm reminded of why I too
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ืื ื™ ื ื–ื›ืจ ืžื“ื•ืข ื’ื ืื ื™
02:07
became a writer.
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ื”ืคื›ืชื™ ืœืกื•ืคืจ.
02:09
In my books,
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ื‘ืกืคืจื™ื™,
02:11
I explore the nature of perception
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ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืงืจ ืžื”ื™ ืชืคื™ืกื”
02:13
and how different kinds of perceiving
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ื•ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืกื•ื’ื™ ืชืคื™ืกื” ืฉื•ื ื™ื
02:16
create different kinds of knowing
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ื™ื•ืฆืจื™ื ืกื•ื’ื™ ื™ื“ื™ืขื”
02:18
and understanding.
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ื•ื”ื‘ื ื” ืฉื•ื ื™ื.
02:23
Here are three questions
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ื”ื ื” 3 ืฉืืœื•ืช
02:25
drawn from my work.
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ื”ืœืงื•ื—ื•ืช ืžืขื‘ื•ื“ืชื™.
02:27
Rather than try to figure them out,
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ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืœื ืกื•ืช ืœืขื ื•ืช ืขืœื™ื”ืŸ,
02:29
I'm going to ask you to consider for a moment
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ืื‘ืงืฉื›ื ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœืจื’ืข
02:32
the intuitions
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ืขืœ ื”ืื™ื ื˜ื•ืื™ืฆื™ื•ืช
02:34
and the gut instincts
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ื•ืขืœ ืชื—ื•ืฉื•ืช ื”ื‘ื˜ืŸ
02:36
that are going through your head and your heart
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ื”ืขื•ื‘ืจื•ืช ื‘ืจืืฉื™ื›ื ื•ื‘ืœื™ื‘ื›ื
02:38
as you look at them.
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ื‘ืขื•ื“ื›ื ืžื”ืจื”ืจื™ื ื‘ื”ืŸ.
02:41
For example, the calculation:
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ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื, ื”ื—ื™ืฉื•ื‘.
02:44
can you feel where on the number line
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ื”ืื ืืชื ืžืจื’ื™ืฉื™ื ื”ื™ื›ืŸ
02:46
the solution is likely to fall?
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ืขืœ ืงื• ื”ืžืกืคืจื™ื ื”ืคื™ืชืจื•ืŸ ื”ื•ืœืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช?
02:49
Or look at the foreign word and the sounds:
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ืื• ืฉืชื”ืจื”ืจื• ื‘ืžื™ืœื™ื ื”ื–ืจื•ืช ื•ื”ืฆืœื™ืœื™ื.
02:52
can you get a sense of the range of meanings
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ื”ืื ืืชื ืžืงื‘ืœื™ื ืชื—ื•ืฉื”
02:54
that it's pointing you towards?
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ืขืœ ืžื’ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ืžืฉืžืขื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉื”ื ืžื›ื•ื•ื ื™ื ืืชื›ื ืืœื™ื”ืŸ?
02:57
And in terms of the line of poetry,
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ื•ื‘ืžื•ื ื—ื™ื ืฉืœ ืฉื•ืจื” ืžืฉื™ืจ,
03:00
why does the poet use the word hare
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ืžื“ื•ืข ื”ืžืฉื•ืจืจ ืžืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืžื™ืœื”
03:02
rather than rabbit?
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ืืจื ื‘ืช ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืฉืคืŸ?
03:06
I'm asking you to do this
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ืื ื™ ืžื‘ืงืฉื›ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื–ืืช
03:08
because I believe our personal perceptions, you see,
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ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืื ื™ ืžืืžื™ืŸ ืฉื”ืชืคื™ืกื•ืช ื”ืื™ืฉื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื ื•
03:12
are at the heart
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ื”ืŸ ืœื‘ ื”ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ
03:14
of how we acquire knowledge.
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ืฉืœ ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืื ื• ืจื•ื›ืฉื™ื ื™ื“ืข.
03:16
Aesthetic judgments,
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ืฉื™ืงื•ืœื™ื ืืกืชื˜ื™ื™ื,
03:18
rather than abstract reasoning,
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ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื” ืžื•ืคืฉื˜ืช,
03:21
guide and shape the process
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ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœื™ื ื•ืžืขืฆื‘ื™ื ืืช ื”ืชื”ืœื™ืš
03:23
by which we all come to know
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ืฉื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืชื• ืื ื• ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื
03:26
what we know.
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ืืช ืžื” ืฉืื ื• ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื.
03:28
I'm an extreme example of this.
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ืื ื™ ื”ื•ื ื”ื“ื•ื’ืžื ื”ืงื™ืฆื•ื ื™ืช ืฉืœ ื–ื”.
03:31
My worlds of words and numbers
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ืขื•ืœื ื”ืžื™ืœื™ื ื•ื”ืžืกืคืจื™ื ืฉืœื™
03:34
blur with color, emotion
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ืฆื‘ื•ืข ื‘ืฆื‘ืขื™ื, ืจื’ืฉื•ืช
03:36
and personality.
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ื•ืื™ืฉื™ื•ืช.
03:38
As Juan said,
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ื›ืคื™ ืฉื—ื•ืืŸ ืืžืจ,
03:40
it's the condition that scientists call synesthesia,
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ื–ื”ื• ื”ืžืฆื‘ ืฉื”ืžื“ืขื ื™ื ืงื•ืจืื™ื ืœื• ืกื™ื ืกืชื–ื™ื”,
03:43
an unusual cross-talk
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ืฉื™ื—ื” ืžืขื•ืจื‘ืช ื™ื•ืฆืืช-ื“ื•ืคืŸ
03:45
between the senses.
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ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื—ื•ืฉื™ื.
03:51
Here are the numbers one to 12
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ื”ื ื” ืžืกืคืจื™ื 1 ืขื“ 12
03:53
as I see them --
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ื›ืคื™ ืฉืื ื™ ืจื•ืื” ืื•ืชื --
03:55
every number with its own shape and character.
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ื›ืœ ืžืกืคืจ ืขื ืฆื•ืจื” ื•ืื•ืคื™ ืžืฉืœื•.
03:59
One is a flash of white light.
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1 ืžื”ื‘ื”ื‘ ื‘ืื•ืจ ืœื‘ืŸ.
04:01
Six is a tiny and very sad black hole.
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6 ื”ื•ื ื—ื•ืจ ืฉื—ื•ืจ ื–ืขื™ืจ ื•ืžืื•ื“ ืขืฆื•ื‘.
04:06
The sketches are in black and white here,
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ื”ืื™ื•ืจื™ื ื›ืืŸ ื‘ืฉื—ื•ืจ-ืœื‘ืŸ,
04:09
but in my mind they have colors.
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ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืจืืฉื™ ื”ื ืฆื‘ืขื•ื ื™ื™ื.
04:11
Three is green.
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3 ื”ื•ื ื™ืจื•ืง.
04:13
Four is blue.
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4 ื”ื•ื ื›ื—ื•ืœ.
04:15
Five is yellow.
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5 ื”ื•ื ืฆื”ื•ื‘.
04:20
I paint as well.
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ืื ื™ ื’ื ืžืฆื™ื™ืจ.
04:22
And here is one of my paintings.
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ื”ื ื” ืื—ื“ ืžื”ืฆื™ื•ืจื™ื ืฉืœื™.
04:25
It's a multiplication of two prime numbers.
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ื”ื•ื ืžื›ืคืœื” ืฉืœ ืฉื ื™ ืžืกืคืจื™ื ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื™ื.
04:29
Three-dimensional shapes
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ืฆื•ืจื•ืช ืชืœืช-ืžื™ืžื“ื™ื•ืช
04:31
and the space they create in the middle
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ื•ื”ื—ืœืœ ืฉื”ืŸ ื™ื•ืฆืจื•ืช ื‘ืืžืฆืข
04:34
creates a new shape,
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ื™ื•ืฆืจื™ื ืฆื•ืจื” ื—ื“ืฉื”,
04:36
the answer to the sum.
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ืฉื”ื™ื ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ืœืกื›ื•ื.
04:39
What about bigger numbers?
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ืžื” ื‘ืงืฉืจ ืœืžืกืคืจื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื?
04:41
Well you can't get much bigger than Pi,
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ืื™-ืืคืฉืจ ืœืขื‘ื•ืจ ื‘ื”ืจื‘ื” ืืช ืคื™ื™,
04:45
the mathematical constant.
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ื”ืงื‘ื•ืข ื”ืžืชืžื˜ื™.
04:47
It's an infinite number --
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ื–ื”ื• ืžืกืคืจ ืื™ืŸ-ืกื•ืคื™ --
04:49
literally goes on forever.
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ืžืžืฉื™ืš ืœื ืฆื—.
04:51
In this painting that I made
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ื‘ืฆื™ื•ืจ ื–ื” ืฉืฆื™ื™ืจืชื™
04:53
of the first 20 decimals of Pi,
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ืž-20 ื”ืกืคืจื•ืช ื”ืขืฉืจื•ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืคื™ื™,
04:57
I take the colors
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ืื ื™ ื ื•ื˜ืœ ืืช ื”ืฆื‘ืขื™ื
04:59
and the emotions and the textures
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ื•ืืช ื”ืจื’ืฉื•ืช ื•ืืช ื”ืžืจืงืžื™ื
05:02
and I pull them all together
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ื•ืžืื’ื“ ืื•ืชื ื‘ื™ื—ื“
05:04
into a kind of rolling numerical landscape.
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ืœืžื™ืŸ ืชื•ื•ืื™-ืฉื˜ื—-ืžืกืคืจื™ ืžืชื’ืœื’ืœ.
05:09
But it's not only numbers that I see in colors.
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ืื‘ืœ ืื™ืŸ ืืœื• ืจืง ื”ืžืกืคืจื™ื ืฉืื ื™ ืจื•ืื” ื‘ืฆื‘ืขื™ื.
05:12
Words too, for me,
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ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœื™, ื’ื ืœืžื™ืœื™ื,
05:14
have colors and emotions
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ื™ืฉ ืฆื‘ืขื™ื ื•ืจื’ืฉื•ืช
05:16
and textures.
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ื•ืžืจืงืžื™ื.
05:18
And this is an opening phrase
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ื•ื–ื•ื”ื™ ืžื—ืจื•ื–ืช ืžื™ืœื™ื ืคื•ืชื—ืช
05:20
from the novel "Lolita."
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ืฉืœ ื”ืจื•ืžืŸ "ืœื•ืœื™ื˜ื”".
05:22
And Nabokov was himself synesthetic.
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ื•ื ื‘ื•ืงื•ื‘ ื‘ืขืฆืžื• ื”ื™ื” ืกื™ื ืกืชื˜ื™.
05:26
And you can see here
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ื•ื ื™ืชืŸ ื›ืืŸ ืœืจืื•ืช
05:28
how my perception of the sound L
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ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืชืคื™ืกืชื™ ืืช ื”ืฆืœื™ืœ L
05:31
helps the alliteration
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ืžืกื™ื™ืขืช ืœืืœื™ื˜ืจืฆื™ื”
05:33
to jump right out.
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ืœื‘ืœื•ื˜ ื”ื—ื•ืฆื”.
05:36
Another example:
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ื“ื•ื’ืžื ืื—ืจืช:
05:38
a little bit more mathematical.
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ืžืขื˜ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืชืžื˜ื™ืช.
05:40
And I wonder if some of you will notice
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ื•ืื ื™ ืชื•ื”ื” ืื ื—ืœืงื›ื ื™ืฉื™ืžื• ืœื‘
05:42
the construction of the sentence
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ืœืžื‘ื ื” ื”ืžืฉืคื˜
05:44
from "The Great Gatsby."
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ืž"ื’ืกื˜ืื‘ื™ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ".
05:48
There is a procession of syllables --
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ืžืชืงื™ื™ื ืžืฆืขื“ ืฉืœ ื”ื‘ืจื•ืช --
05:51
wheat, one;
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ื—ื™ื˜ื”, 1;
05:53
prairies, two;
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ืขืจื‘ื•ืช, 2;
05:55
lost Swede towns, three --
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ืขืจื™ื ืฉื•ื•ื“ื™ื•ืช ืื‘ื•ื“ื•ืช, 3 --
05:58
one, two, three.
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1, 2, 3.
06:00
And this effect is very pleasant on the mind,
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ื•ื”ืืคืงื˜ ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ื–ื” ื”ื•ื ืžืื•ื“ ื ืขื™ื ื‘ืจืืฉ,
06:04
and it helps the sentence
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ื•ื–ื” ืขื•ื–ืจ ืœืžืฉืคื˜
06:06
to feel right.
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ืœืชืช ื”ืจื’ืฉื” ื˜ื•ื‘ื”.
06:09
Let's go back to the questions
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ื ื—ื–ื•ืจ ืœืฉืืœื•ืช ืฉืฉืืœืชื™
06:11
I posed you a moment ago.
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ืœืคื ื™ ื“ืงื”.
06:14
64 multiplied by 75.
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64 ื›ืคื•ืœ 75.
06:17
If some of you play chess,
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ืื ืžื™ืฉื”ื• ืžื›ื ืžืฉื—ืง ืฉื—ืžื˜,
06:20
you'll know that 64
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ื”ื•ื ื™ื•ื“ืข ืฉ-64
06:22
is a square number,
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ื”ื•ื ืžืกืคืจ ืจื™ื‘ื•ืขื™,
06:25
and that's why chessboards,
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ื•ื–ื• ื”ืกื™ื‘ื” ืžื“ื•ืข ืœื•ื— ืฉื—ืžื˜,
06:27
eight by eight,
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8 ืขืœ 8,
06:29
have 64 squares.
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ื”ื•ื ื‘ืขืœ 64 ืจื™ื‘ื•ืขื™ื.
06:32
So that gives us a form
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ื–ื” ื ื•ืชืŸ ืœื ื• ืฆื•ืจื”
06:34
that we can picture, that we can perceive.
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ืฉืื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืฆืœื, ืฉืื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืชืคื•ืก.
06:37
What about 75?
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ืžื” ืœื’ื‘ื™ 75?
06:40
Well if 100,
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ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, 100,
06:42
if we think of 100 as being like a square,
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ืื ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืขืœ 100 ื‘ืชื•ืจ ืจื™ื‘ื•ืข,
06:45
75 would look like this.
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75 ื™ื™ืจืื” ื›ืš.
06:48
So what we need to do now
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ืžื” ืฉืื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื›ืขืช
06:50
is put those two pictures
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ื–ื” ืœื”ื ื™ื— ืฉืชื™ ืชืžื•ื ื•ืช
06:52
together in our mind --
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ื‘ื™ื—ื“ ื‘ื–ื™ื›ืจื•ื ื ื• --
06:54
something like this.
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ืžืฉื”ื• ื›ืžื• ื–ื”.
06:57
64 becomes 6,400.
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64 ื”ื•ืคืš ืœ-6,400.
07:01
And in the right-hand corner,
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ื•ื‘ืคื™ื ื” ื”ื™ืžื ื™ืช,
07:05
you don't have to calculate anything.
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ืื™ืŸ ืฆื•ืจืš ืœื—ืฉื‘ ืฉื•ื ื“ื‘ืจ.
07:07
Four across, four up and down --
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4 ืœืจื•ื—ื‘, 4 ืœืžืขืœื” ื•ืœืžื˜ื” --
07:09
it's 16.
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ื–ื” 16.
07:12
So what the sum is actually asking you to do
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ืžื” ืฉื”ืกื›ื•ื ื‘ืขืฆื ืžื‘ืงืฉ ืžืื™ืชื ื• ืœืขืฉื•ืช
07:14
is 16,
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ื–ื” 16,
07:16
16, 16.
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16, 16.
07:19
That's a lot easier
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ื–ื” ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืงืœ
07:21
than the way that the school taught you to do math, I'm sure.
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ืžืžื” ืฉืื™ืš ื”ื‘ื™ืช-ืกืคืจ ืœื™ืžื“ ืื•ืชื ื• ืœื—ืฉื‘.
07:24
It's 16, 16, 16, 48,
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ื–ื” 16, 16, 16, 48,
07:26
4,800 --
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4,800 --
07:28
4,800,
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4,800,
07:30
the answer to the sum.
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ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ืœืกื›ื•ื.
07:33
Easy when you know how.
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ืงืœ ื›ืืฉืจ ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื.
07:35
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
07:38
The second question was an Icelandic word.
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ื”ืฉืืœื” ื”ืฉื ื™ื” ื”ื™ืชื” ืžื™ืœื” ื‘ืื™ืกืœื ื“ื™ืช.
07:41
I'm assuming there are not many people here
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ืื ื™ ืžื ื™ื— ืฉืื™ืŸ ื”ืจื‘ื” ืื ืฉื™ื ื›ืืŸ
07:44
who speak Icelandic.
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ืฉื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืื™ืกืœื ื“ื™ืช.
07:46
So let me narrow the choices down to two.
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ืœื›ืŸ ื ืฆืžืฆื ืืช ื”ืืคืฉืจื•ื™ื•ืช ืœืฉืชื™ื™ื.
07:51
Hnugginn:
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ื”ื ื•ื’ื™ืŸ:
07:53
is it a happy word,
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ื”ืื ื–ื• ืžื™ืœื” ืฉืžื—ื”,
07:55
or a sad word?
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ืื• ืขืฆื•ื‘ื”?
07:57
What do you say?
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ืžื” ืืชื ืื•ืžืจื™ื?
08:00
Okay.
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ื˜ื•ื‘.
08:02
Some people say it's happy.
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ื›ืžื” ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืฉื”ื™ื ืฉืžื—ื”.
08:04
Most people, a majority of people,
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ื”ืจื•ื‘ ืื•ืžืจื™ื
08:06
say sad.
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ืฉื”ื™ื ืขืฆื•ื‘ื”.
08:08
And it actually means sad.
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ื•ืœืžืขืฉื” ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื” ืขืฆื•ื‘ื”.
08:12
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
08:15
Why do, statistically,
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ืžื“ื•ืข, ืกื˜ื˜ื™ืกื˜ื™ืช,
08:18
a majority of people
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ืจื•ื‘ ื”ืื ืฉื™ื
08:20
say that a word is sad, in this case,
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ืืžืจื• ืฉื”ืžื™ืœื” ืขืฆื•ื‘ื”, ื‘ืžืงืจื” ื–ื”,
08:22
heavy in other cases?
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ื›ื‘ื“ื” ื‘ืžืงืจื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื?
08:25
In my theory, language evolves in such a way
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ืœืคื™ ื”ืชืื•ืจื™ื” ืฉืœื™, ืฉืคื” ืžืชืคืชื—ืช ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื›ื–ื”
08:28
that sounds match,
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ืฉืฆืœื™ืœื™ื ืชื•ืืžื™ื,
08:30
correspond with, the subjective,
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ืžืชืงืฉืจื™ื ืขื ื”ื ื•ืฉื,
08:33
with the personal,
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ืขื ื”ื ื™ืกื™ื•ืŸ
08:35
intuitive experience
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ื”ืื™ืฉื™ ื•ื”ืื™ื ื˜ื•ืื™ื˜ื™ื‘ื™
08:37
of the listener.
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ืฉืœ ื”ืžืื–ื™ืŸ.
08:40
Let's have a look at the third question.
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ื”ื‘ื” ื ืขื™ืฃ ืžื‘ื˜ ืขืœ ื”ืฉืืœื” ื”ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ืช.
08:44
It's a line from a poem by John Keats.
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ื–ื•ื”ื™ ืฉื•ืจื” ืžืฉื™ืจื• ืฉืœ ื’'ื•ืŸ ืงื™ื˜ืก.
08:47
Words, like numbers,
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ืžื™ืœื™ื, ื›ืžื• ืžืกืคืจื™ื,
08:50
express fundamental relationships
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ืžื‘ื™ืขื™ื ื™ื—ืกื™ื ื‘ืกื™ืกื™ื™ื
08:53
between objects
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ื‘ื™ืŸ ืขืฆืžื™ื
08:55
and events and forces
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ื•ืื™ืจื•ืขื™ื ื•ื›ื•ื—ื•ืช
08:57
that constitute our world.
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ื”ืžืจื›ื™ื‘ื™ื ืืช ืขื•ืœืžื ื•.
08:59
It stands to reason that we, existing in this world,
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ื”ื’ื™ื•ื ื™ ืฉืื ื—ื ื•, ื”ืงื™ื™ืžื™ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื,
09:02
should in the course of our lives
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ื ืกืคื•ื’ ืื™ื ื˜ื•ืื™ื˜ื™ื‘ื™ืช ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื—ื™ื™ื ื•
09:04
absorb intuitively those relationships.
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ืืช ื”ื™ื—ืกื™ื ื”ืœืœื•.
09:07
And poets, like other artists,
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ื•ืžืฉื•ืจืจื™ื, ื›ืžื• ืืžื ื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื,
09:10
play with those intuitive understandings.
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ืžืฉื—ืงื™ื ืขื ื”ืชื•ื‘ื ื•ืช ื”ืื™ื ื˜ื•ืื™ื˜ื™ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื”ืœืœื•.
09:13
In the case of hare,
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ื‘ืžืงืจื” ืฉืœ Hare (ืืจื ื‘ืช),
09:16
it's an ambiguous sound in English.
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ื™ืฉ ืœื• ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ืžืขื•ืจืคืœืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช.
09:18
It can also mean the fibers that grow from a head.
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ื–ื” ื’ื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืชืคืจืฉ ื‘ืชื•ืจ ืกื™ื‘ื™ื ื”ื’ื“ืœื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืจืืฉ.
09:21
And if we think of that --
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ื•ืื ื ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืขืœ ื–ื” --
09:23
let me put the picture up --
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ืืฆื™ื’ ืืช ื”ืชืžื•ื ื” --
09:25
the fibers represent vulnerability.
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ื”ืกื™ื‘ื™ื ืžื™ื™ืฆื’ื™ื ืคื’ื™ืขื•ืช.
09:29
They yield to the slightest movement
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ื”ื ืžื•ืฉืคืขื™ื ืžื”ืชื–ื•ื–ื” ืื• ื”ืชื ื•ืขื”
09:32
or motion or emotion.
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ืื• ื”ืจื’ืฉ ื”ืงืœื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ.
09:35
So what you have is an atmosphere
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ื›ืš ืฉืžื” ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ื–ื• ืื•ื™ืจื”
09:39
of vulnerability and tension.
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ืฉืœ ืคื’ื™ืขื•ืช ื•ืžืชื—.
09:41
The hare itself, the animal --
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ื”ืืจื ื‘ืช ืขืฆืžื”, ื”ื—ื™ื” --
09:43
not a cat, not a dog, a hare --
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ืœื ื—ืชื•ืœ, ืœื ื›ืœื‘, ืืœื ืืจื ื‘ืช --
09:46
why a hare?
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ืžื“ื•ืข ืืจื ื‘ืช?
09:48
Because think of the picture --
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ื›ื™ ืชื—ืฉื‘ื• ืขืœ ื”ืชืžื•ื ื”,
09:50
not the word, the picture.
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ืœื ื”ืžื™ืœื”, ืืœื ื”ืชืžื•ื ื”.
09:52
The overlong ears,
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ื”ืื•ื–ื ื™ื™ื ื”ืืจื•ื›ื•ืช ืžืื•ื“,
09:54
the overlarge feet,
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ื”ืจื’ืœื™ื™ื ื”ืžืื•ื“ ืืจื•ื›ื•ืช,
09:56
helps us to picture, to feel intuitively,
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ืžืกื™ื™ืขื•ืช ืœื ื• ืœืงืœื•ื˜, ืœื—ื•ืฉ ืื™ื ื˜ื•ืื™ื˜ื™ื‘ื™ืช,
09:59
what it means to limp
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ืžื” ื–ื” ืื•ืžืจ ืœืฆืœื•ืข
10:02
and to tremble.
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ื•ืœืจืขื•ื“.
10:05
So in these few minutes,
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ื‘ืžืกืคืจ ื“ืงื•ืช ืืœื•,
10:07
I hope I've been able to share
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ืื ื™ ืžืงื•ื” ืฉื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืžืกื•ื’ืœ ืœื”ืขื‘ื™ืจ
10:09
a little bit of my vision of things
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ืžืขื˜ ืžืื™ืš ืฉืื ื™ ืจื•ืื” ืืช ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื,
10:12
and to show you
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ื•ืœื”ืจืื•ืช ืœื›ื
10:15
that words can have colors and emotions,
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ืฉืœืžื™ืœื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืฆื‘ืขื™ื, ืจื’ืฉื•ืช,
10:18
numbers, shapes and personalities.
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ืžืกืคืจื™ื, ืฆื•ืจื•ืช ื•ืื™ืฉื™ื•ืช.
10:21
The world is richer,
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ื”ืขื•ืœื ืขืฉื™ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ,
10:23
vaster
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ืจื—ื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ
10:25
than it too often seems to be.
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ืžืžื” ืฉื ื“ืžื” ืœืขื™ืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ืžื“ื™.
10:28
I hope that I've given you the desire
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ืื ื™ ืžืงื•ื” ืฉื”ืขื ืงืชื™ ืœื›ื ืืช ื”ืชืฉื•ืงื”
10:31
to learn to see the world with new eyes.
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ืœืœืžื•ื“ ืœืจืื•ืช ืืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ื‘ืขื™ื ื™ื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช.
10:34
Thank you.
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ืชื•ื“ื” ืœื›ื.
10:36
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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