Different ways of knowing | Daniel Tammet

Translator: Gulnoza Yakubova Reviewer: Adham Kurbanov

I'm a savant,

Men savantman (ko'p narsa biluvchi, autismning bir turi)

or more precisely,

yoki aniqrog'i,

a high-functioning

yuqori faoliyatli

autistic savant.

autistik savantman.

It's a rare condition.

Bu noyob holat.

And rarer still when accompanied,

Mening holatimdagiek

as in my case,

o'zlikni anglash va

by self-awareness

tilni mukammal egallash qobiliyati

and a mastery of language.

bilan birga kelganda yanada noyobroq holatdir.

Very often when I meet someone

Ko'pincha, men biror kimsa bilan uchrashganimda,

and they learn this about me,

ular mening bu holatimni bilishadi va

there's a certain kind of awkwardness.

ularda ma'lum bir turdagi noqulaylik bo'ladi.

I can see it in their eyes.

Men buni ularning ko'zlarida ko'ra olaman.

They want to ask me something.

Ular mendan nimanidir so'rashni xohlaydilar.

And in the end, quite often,

Va nihoyat, juda ko'p holatda,

the urge is stronger than they are

ishtiyoq odatdagidan kuchliroq

and they blurt it out:

va ular darrov o'ylamasdan gapirib yuboradilar:

"If I give you my date of birth,

"Agar men sizga tug'ilgan sanamni aytsam,

can you tell me what day of the week I was born on?"

haftaning qaysi kunida tug'ilganligimni aytib bera olasizmi?"

(Laughter)

(Kulgi)

Or they mention cube roots

Yoki kub ildizlarni

or ask me to recite a long number or long text.

yoki uzun raqam yoki matnni yoddan aytib berishimni so'raydilar.

I hope you'll forgive me

Agar men bugun sizlarga

if I don't perform

bir savant kishining ko'rsatuvini

a kind of one-man savant show for you today.

ijro etmasam meni kechirasizlar deb umid qilaman.

I'm going to talk instead

Uning o'rniga men

about something

tug'ilgan sanalar yoki

far more interesting

kub ildizlaridan ancha qiziqarliroq,

than dates of birth or cube roots --

mening ishimdan ko'ra

a little deeper

ongimga biroz

and a lot closer, to my mind, than work.

chuqurroq va ancha yaqinroq narsa haqida gapiraman.

I want to talk to you briefly

Men sizlarga ong, tushuncha haqida

about perception.

qisqagina gapirib bermoqchiman.

When he was writing the plays and the short stories

U o'zining ismini mashhur qiladigan pyesa va

that would make his name,

qisqa hikoyalar yozayotganida,

Anton Chekhov kept a notebook

Anton Chekhov o'z atrofidagi

in which he noted down

dunyoni kuzatganlarini

his observations

yozib boradigan

of the world around him --

kundalik daftari bo'lgan edi --

little details

boshqa kishilar e'tibor bermay qoladigan

that other people seem to miss.

kichkina parchalarni, qismlarni yozib borar edi.

Every time I read Chekhov

Har safar Chekhovni va uning

and his unique vision of human life,

inson hayotining o'ziga xos tasavvurini o'qiganimda,

I'm reminded of why I too

bu menga mening ham nima sababdan yozuvchi

became a writer.

bo'lganligimni eslatadi.

In my books,

Men kitoblarimda

I explore the nature of perception

ong tabiatini o'rganaman

and how different kinds of perceiving

ongning har xil turlari qanday qilib

create different kinds of knowing

bilish va tushunishning har xil turlarini paydo

and understanding.

qilishini o'rganaman.

Here are three questions

Mening ishimdan kelib chiqqan

drawn from my work.

mana bu uchta savol.

Rather than try to figure them out,

Bularga javobni o'ylab o'tirgandan ko'ra,

I'm going to ask you to consider for a moment

Sizlarga iltimosim bor,

the intuitions

siz bu savollarga qarashingiz bilan

and the gut instincts

boshingiz va yuragingizda

that are going through your head and your heart

sodir bo'layotgan sezgi va chuqur ichki sezgiga

as you look at them.

bir soniya mobaynida e'tibor bering

For example, the calculation:

Masalan, hisoblash.

can you feel where on the number line

Yechimi raqamlar chizig'ining qayerida

the solution is likely to fall?

joylashishini seza olasizmi?

Or look at the foreign word and the sounds:

Yoki chet tilidagi so'zga va tovushlarga e'tibor bering.

can you get a sense of the range of meanings

Bu zo'zlarning nimaligini anglash uchun

that it's pointing you towards?

bir necha ma'nolarni ayta olasizmi?

And in terms of the line of poetry,

Shoirlik sohasida esa,

why does the poet use the word hare

nima uchun shoir 'uy quyoni' o'rninga

rather than rabbit?

'yovvoyi quyon' so'zini ishlatadi.

I'm asking you to do this

Men sizlarning shu narsani bajarishingizni xohlayman,

because I believe our personal perceptions, you see,

chunki ishonamanki, bizning shaxsiy tushunchamiz

are at the heart

ilmni qanday egallashimizning

of how we acquire knowledge.

eng asosidir.

Aesthetic judgments,

Mavhum fikr mulohazalardan ko'ra

rather than abstract reasoning,

estetik fikr mulohazalar

guide and shape the process

biz hammamiz biladigan narsani

by which we all come to know

bilishimizdagi jarayonni

what we know.

boshqarib, shakllantiradi.

I'm an extreme example of this.

Men buning juda yaqqol misoliman.

My worlds of words and numbers

Mendagi so'z va raqamlar dunyosi

blur with color, emotion

rang, his-tuyg'u va

and personality.

shahsiyat bilan aralashadi.

As Juan said,

Huanning (Juan) aytishicha,

it's the condition that scientists call synesthesia,

bu olimlar sinesteziya deb ataydigan holat,

an unusual cross-talk

ya'ni, his-tuyg'ular orasida

between the senses.

o'zaro g'ayrioddiy suhbatdir.

Here are the numbers one to 12

Mana birdan 12 gacha bo'lgan raqamlar,

as I see them --

mening ko'rishimcha --

every number with its own shape and character.

har bir raqamning o'ziga hos shakli va hususiyatlari bor.

One is a flash of white light.

Bir - oppoq yorug'likning cho'g'i.

Six is a tiny and very sad black hole.

Olti - juda kichkina va juda g'amgin qora teshik.

The sketches are in black and white here,

Bu chizmalar bu yerda qora va oq rangda,

but in my mind they have colors.

lekin mening ongimda ularning rangi bor.

Three is green.

Uch - yashil.

Four is blue.

To'rt - ko'k.

Five is yellow.

Besh - sariq.

I paint as well.

Men rasm ham chizaman.

And here is one of my paintings.

Mana bu rasmlarimdan bittasi.

It's a multiplication of two prime numbers.

Bu ikkita tub sonning ko'paytmasi.

Three-dimensional shapes

Uch o'lchamli shakllar

and the space they create in the middle

va o'rtada ular hosil qiladigan bo'shliq

creates a new shape,

yangi shaklni hosil qiladi,

the answer to the sum.

bu esa ko'paytmaning javobi.

What about bigger numbers?

Kattaroq raqamlarchi?

Well you can't get much bigger than Pi,

Matematik konstanta - Pi dan ancha kattaroq sonni

the mathematical constant.

bunday tasavvur qila olmaysiz.

It's an infinite number --

Bu cheksiz son --

literally goes on forever.

cheksiz davom etaveradi,

In this painting that I made

Pi ning birinchi 20ta o'nlik kasrini

of the first 20 decimals of Pi,

chizgan mana bu rasmimda

I take the colors

ranglar,

and the emotions and the textures

hissiyotlar va yuzasi, ya'ni tuzilishini olib,

and I pull them all together

ularning hammasini

into a kind of rolling numerical landscape.

past-tepalik raqamli landshaft kabi birga tasvirladim.

But it's not only numbers that I see in colors.

Lekin, men rangli ko'radiganim, faqatgina raqamlar emas.

Words too, for me,

Men uchun so'zlar ham

have colors and emotions

ranglar va hissiyotlar

and textures.

va tuzilishga ega.

And this is an opening phrase

Mana bu "Lolita" romanidan

from the novel "Lolita."

eng avvalgi ibora.

And Nabokov was himself synesthetic.

Nabokovning o'zi ham synestetik edi.

And you can see here

Ko'rib turibsizki,

how my perception of the sound L

mening L tovushini tushunishim

helps the alliteration

alliteratsiyani ajratishimga

to jump right out.

darrov yordam beradi.

Another example:

Boshqa bir misol:

a little bit more mathematical.

bu biroz matematikaga hos.

And I wonder if some of you will notice

Orangizda kimdir "The Great Gatsby" ("Buyuk Getsbi") dan

the construction of the sentence

olingan gapning tuzilishini

from "The Great Gatsby."

sezarmikansiz.

There is a procession of syllables --

Bu yerda bo'g'inlarning bir biriga moslashib kelishi bor --

wheat, one;

wheat - bir bo'g'in;

prairies, two;

prairies, ikki bo'g'in;

lost Swede towns, three --

lost Swede towna, uch bo'gin --

one, two, three.

bir, ikki, uch.

And this effect is very pleasant on the mind,

Bu ongga yoqimli ta'sir ko'rsatadi

and it helps the sentence

va gapning to'g'ri

to feel right.

bo'lib tuyulishiga yordam beradi.

Let's go back to the questions

Bir oz avval men sizlarga

I posed you a moment ago.

bergan savollarga qaytaylik.

64 multiplied by 75.

64 ni 75 ga ko'paytirish.

If some of you play chess,

Agar ba'zilarining shaxmat o'ynasangiz,

you'll know that 64

64 kvadrat raqam

is a square number,

ekanligini bilasiz,

and that's why chessboards,

va shaxmat doskasida

eight by eight,

sakkizga sakkiz,

have 64 squares.

ya'ni 64 kataklar bor.

So that gives us a form

Hullas, bu bizga biz tasavvur qila oladigan,

that we can picture, that we can perceive.

his qila oladigan shaklni beradi.

What about 75?

75 chi?

Well if 100,

Ho'sh, agar 100,

if we think of 100 as being like a square,

agar biz yuzni kvadratdek tasavvur qilsak,

75 would look like this.

75 mana bunga o'xshaydi.

So what we need to do now

Endi qiladigan ishimiz esa

is put those two pictures

ana o'sha ikkita rasmni

together in our mind --

ongimizda mana bunday

something like this.

birga qo'yishdir.

64 becomes 6,400.

64 -- 6400 bo'ladi.

And in the right-hand corner,

O'ng burchakda

you don't have to calculate anything.

hech narsani hisoblashning keragi yo'q.

Four across, four up and down --

bu tomonlama to'rt, tepaga va pastga to'rt --

it's 16.

16 bo'ladi.

So what the sum is actually asking you to do

Natijasini topish ucun

is 16,

16, 16 va 16 ni

16, 16.

olish kerak.

That's a lot easier

Bu esa maktabda sizga matematik hisoblashni

than the way that the school taught you to do math, I'm sure.

o'rgatgandan ancha osonroq. Bunga ishonchim komil.

It's 16, 16, 16, 48,

Bu 16 + 16 + 16 = 48,

4,800 --

4800 --

4,800,

4000

the answer to the sum.

misolni javobi.

Easy when you know how.

Qanday bajarishni bilsangiz oson.

(Laughter)

(Kulgi)

The second question was an Icelandic word.

Ikkinchi savol Islandcha so'z edi.

I'm assuming there are not many people here

Bu yerda Islandcha gapiradigan odamlar

who speak Icelandic.

ko'p emas deb o'ylayman.

So let me narrow the choices down to two.

Shunday ekan, javob turini ikkitaga keltiray.

Hnugginn:

Hnuggin:

is it a happy word,

Bu quvnoq so'zmi,

or a sad word?

yoki g'amgin so'zmi?

What do you say?

Nima deysiz?

Okay.

Ho'p.

Some people say it's happy.

Ba'zi odamlar buni quvnoq so'z deydilar.

Most people, a majority of people,

Ko'p odamlar, ko'pchiligi,

say sad.

buni g'amgin so'z deydilar.

And it actually means sad.

Aslida, bu g'amgin degan ma'noni anglatadi.

(Laughter)

(Kulgi)

Why do, statistically,

Statistik jihatdan, nimaga

a majority of people

ko'pchilik odamlar

say that a word is sad, in this case,

so'zni bu holatda g'amgin deb aytadilar,

heavy in other cases?

boshqa holatlarda esa og'ir deydilar?

In my theory, language evolves in such a way

Mening nazariyotim bo'yicha, til shunday usulda paydo bo'ladi:

that sounds match,

tovushlar

correspond with, the subjective,

tinglovchining subyektiv,

with the personal,

shaxsiy,

intuitive experience

ichki sezish tajribalari bilan

of the listener.

moslashadi, moyil keladi.

Let's have a look at the third question.

Keling, uchinchi savolni ko'raylik.

It's a line from a poem by John Keats.

Bu John Keatsning she'ridan bir misra.

Words, like numbers,

So'zlar, huddi sonlar kabi,

express fundamental relationships

bizning olamimizni tashkil qiladigan

between objects

narsalar, voqealar

and events and forces

va kuchlar o'rtasidagi eng asosiy

that constitute our world.

aloqalarni ifodalayadi.

It stands to reason that we, existing in this world,

Biz, bu dunyoda yashab turib, hayotimiz davomida

should in the course of our lives

ana o'sha aloqalarni ichki hissiyot bilan

absorb intuitively those relationships.

sezishimiz kerakligi odatiy tuyuladi.

And poets, like other artists,

Shoirlar, huddi boshqa rassomlar kabi,

play with those intuitive understandings.

ana o'sha ichki sezgi tushunadigan narsalar bilan o'ynaydi.

In the case of hare,

Inglizcha "hare" so'zi

it's an ambiguous sound in English.

ingliz tilida noaniq tovushdir.

It can also mean the fibers that grow from a head.

Bu boshimizda o'sadigan soch tolalarni ham anglatishi mumkin.

And if we think of that --

Agar biz bu haqida o'ylaak --

let me put the picture up --

rasmini sizlarga ko'rsatay --

the fibers represent vulnerability.

tolalar noziklikni tasvirlaydi.

They yield to the slightest movement

Ular yengilgina harakat,

or motion or emotion.

qimirlash yoki hissiyotga ta'sirchan, harakatga keluvchi bo'ladi.

So what you have is an atmosphere

Hullas, noziklik (ta'sirchanlik) va

of vulnerability and tension.

taranglik holati paydo bo'ladi.

The hare itself, the animal --

"Hare" so'zi - quyon, hayvon --

not a cat, not a dog, a hare --

mushuk emas, it emas, "hare"-quyon --

why a hare?

nimaga "hare"-quyon?

Because think of the picture --

Sababi, rasmni hayolingizga keltiring,

not the word, the picture.

so'zni emas, rasmni.

The overlong ears,

Juda uzun quloqlar,

the overlarge feet,

juda katta oyoqlar

helps us to picture, to feel intuitively,

"limp" - oqsoqlanish va "tremble" - qaltirash nimaligini

what it means to limp

ko'z oldimizda tasavvur qilishimizga, ichki hissiyot bilan sezishimizga

and to tremble.

yozrdam beradi.

So in these few minutes,

Mana shu oz daqiqalar davomida

I hope I've been able to share

mening narsalar haqidagi nazarimni

a little bit of my vision of things

sizlarga tushuntirib bera oldim

and to show you

va so'zlar ham rang va hissiyotga,

that words can have colors and emotions,

raqamlar, shakllar va shaxsiy xarakter, hususiyatlarga

numbers, shapes and personalities.

ega ekanligini sizlarga ko'rsata oldim deb umid qilaman.

The world is richer,

Dunyo bizga sezilganidan ko'ra

vaster

boyroq

than it too often seems to be.

va ulkanroqdir.

I hope that I've given you the desire

Sizlarda dunyoni yangi ko'zlar bilan ko'rishni

to learn to see the world with new eyes.

o'rganish xohishini uyg'otdim deb umid qilaman.

Thank you.

Rahmat.

(Applause)

(Qarsaklar)