Edward Burtynsky photographs the landscape of oil

44,528 views ใƒป 2009-11-13

TED


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

ืžืชืจื’ื: Shaike Katz ืžื‘ืงืจ: Uri Yaffe
00:15
I started my journey 30 years ago.
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ื”ืชื—ืœืชื™ ืืช ื”ืžืกืข ืฉืœื™ ืœืคื ื™ ืฉืœื•ืฉื™ื ืฉื ื”.
00:18
And I worked in mines. And I realized that
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ื•ืขื‘ื“ืชื™ ื‘ืžื›ืจื•ืช. ื•ื”ื’ืขืชื™ ืœืžืกืงื ื”
00:20
this was a world unseen.
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ืฉื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ืขื•ืœื ื ืกืชืจ ืžืŸ ื”ืขื™ืŸ.
00:22
And I wanted, through color and large format cameras
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ื•ืจืฆื™ืชื™, ื“ืจืš ืฆื‘ืข ื•ืžืฆืœืžื•ืช ืคื•ืจืžื˜ ื’ื“ื•ืœ
00:24
and very large prints,
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ื•ื”ื“ืคืกื™ื ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ืžืื“,
00:26
to make a body of work that somehow
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ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ื›ืžื•ืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืฉืื™ื›ืฉื”ื•
00:28
became symbols of our
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ื”ืคื›ื” ืกืžืœื™ืช
00:31
use of the landscape,
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ืœืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ืฉืœื ื• ื‘ื ื•ืฃ.
00:33
how we use the land.
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ืื™ืš ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ืงืจืงืข.
00:35
And to me this was
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ื•ืขื‘ื•ืจื™ ื–ื” ื”ื™ื”
00:37
a key component that somehow, through this medium of photography,
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ืžืจื›ื™ื‘ ืžืคืชื— ืฉืื™ื›ืฉื”ื•, ื“ืจืš ื”ืžื“ื™ื•ื ื”ื–ื” ืฉืœ ืฆื™ืœื•ื,
00:40
which allows us to contemplate these landscapes,
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ืฉืžืืคืฉืจ ืœื ื• ืœื”ืจื”ืจ ื‘ื ื•ืคื™ื ื”ืืœื”.
00:43
that I thought photography was perfectly suited
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ื•ื—ืฉื‘ืชื™ ืฉืฆื™ืœื•ื ืžืชืื™ื ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง
00:46
to doing this type of work.
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ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืžื”ืกื•ื’ ื”ื–ื”.
00:48
And after 17 years of photographing large industrial landscapes,
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ื•ืื—ืจื™ 17 ืฉื ื” ืฉืœ ืฆื™ืœื•ื ื ื•ืคื™ ืชืขืฉื™ื™ื” ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื,
00:52
it occurred to me that
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ืขืœื” ื‘ื“ืขืชื™
00:54
oil is underpinning the scale and speed.
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ืฉื ืคื˜ ื”ื•ื ืžื” ืฉืชื•ืžืš ื‘ื’ื•ื“ืœ ื•ื‘ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช,
00:56
Because that is what has changed,
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ื›ื™ ื–ื” ืžื” ืฉื”ืฉืชื ื”,
00:58
is the speed at which we're taking all our resources.
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ื”ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช ื‘ื” ืื ื—ื ื• ืฆื•ืจื›ื™ื ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืžืฉืื‘ื™ื ืฉืœื ื•.
01:01
And so then I went out to develop a whole series
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ืื– ื”ืœื›ืชื™ ื•ืคื™ืชื—ืชื™ ืกื“ืจื” ืฉืœืžื”
01:03
on the landscape of oil.
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ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ื”ื ื•ืฃ ืฉืœ ื”ื ืคื˜.
01:05
And what I want to do is to kind of map an arc
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ื•ืžื” ืฉืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื”ื•ื ืœื”ืชื•ื•ืช ืžืขื™ืŸ ืงืฉืช
01:10
that there is extraction, where we're taking it from the ground,
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ืฉื‘ืงืฆื” ืื—ื“ ืฉืœื” ื™ืฉ ืฉืื™ื‘ื”, ื‘ื” ืœื•ืงื—ื™ื (ื ืคื˜) ืžื”ืงืจืงืข,
01:13
refinement. And that's one chapter.
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ื–ื™ืงื•ืง. ื•ื–ื” ืคืจืง ืื—ื“.
01:15
The other chapter that I wanted to look at was
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ื”ืคืจืง ื”ืื—ืจ ืฉืจืฆื™ืชื™ ืœื”ืกืชื›ืœ ืขืœื™ื•
01:17
how we use it -- our cities,
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ื”ื•ื ืื™ืš ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ื–ื”, ื”ืขืจื™ื ืฉืœื ื•,
01:19
our cars, our motorcultures,
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ื”ืžื›ื•ื ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื ื•, ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ื”ืžื ื•ืขื™ื ืฉืœื ื•,
01:21
where people gather around the vehicle
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ื‘ื” ืื ืฉื™ื ืžืชืจื›ื–ื™ื ืกื‘ื™ื‘ ื›ืœื™ ื”ืจื›ื‘
01:25
as a celebration.
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ื‘ืžืขื™ืŸ ื—ื’ื™ื’ื”.
01:27
And then the third one is this idea of the end of oil,
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ื•ื”ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ ื”ื•ื ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื–ื” ืฉืœ ืงืฅ ื”ื ืคื˜,
01:29
this entropic end,
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ื”ืกื•ืฃ ืฉืื ื• ืžื“ืจื“ืจื™ื ืืœื™ื•,
01:31
where all of our parts of cars, our tires,
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ื‘ื• ื›ืœ ื—ืœืงื™ ื”ืžื›ื•ื ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื ื•, ื”ืฆืžื™ื’ื™ื ืฉืœื ื•,
01:34
oil filters,
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ืžืกื ื ื™ ื”ืฉืžืŸ,
01:36
helicopters, planes --
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ืžืกื•ืงื™ื, ืžื˜ื•ืกื™ื --
01:38
where are the landscapes where all of that stuff ends up?
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ื”ื™ื›ืŸ ื”ื ื•ืคื™ื ืืœื™ื”ื ื›ืœ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืืœื” ืžื’ื™ืขื™ื?
01:41
And to me, again, photography was
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ื•ืขื‘ื•ืจื™, ืฉื•ื‘, ื”ืฆื™ืœื•ื ื”ื™ื”
01:43
a way in which I could explore and research the world,
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ื“ืจืš ื‘ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœืชื™ ืœื”ืกืชื•ื‘ื‘ ื•ืœื—ืงื•ืจ ืืช ื”ืขื•ืœื,
01:46
and find those places.
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ื•ืœืžืฆื•ื ืืช ื”ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ื”ืืœื”.
01:48
And another idea that I had as well,
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ื•ืขื•ื“ ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ื™ื” ืœื™,
01:50
that was brought forward by an ecologist --
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ืฉื”ื•ืขืœื” ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ืืงื•ืœื•ื’ --
01:54
he basically did a calculation where
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ื”ื•ื ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืขืฉื” ื—ื™ืฉื•ื‘
01:57
he took one liter of gas and said,
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ื‘ื• ื”ื•ื ืœืงื— ืœื™ื˜ืจ ืฉืœ ื“ืœืง ื•ืืžืจ,
01:59
well, how much carbon it would take, and how much organic material?
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ื˜ื•ื‘, ื›ืžื” ืคื—ืžืŸ ื™ื™ื“ืจืฉ, ื•ื›ืžื” ื—ื•ืžืจ ืื•ืจื’ื ื™?
02:03
It was 23 metric tons for one liter.
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ื•ื™ืฆื ืฉื–ื” 23 ื˜ื•ื ื•ืช ืœืœื™ื˜ืจ ืื—ื“.
02:06
So whenever I fill up my gas,
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ืื– ื›ืœ ืคืขื ืฉืื ื™ ืžืžืœื ื“ืœืง,
02:08
I think of that liter, and how much carbon.
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ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืขืœ ื”ืœื™ื˜ืจ ื”ื–ื”, ื•ื›ืžื” ืคื—ืžืŸ.
02:10
And I know that oil comes from the ocean and phytoplankton,
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ื•ืื ื™ ื™ื•ื“ืข ืฉื ืคื˜ ื‘ื ืžื”ืื•ืงื™ื™ื ื•ืก ื•ื”ืคื™ื˜ื•ืคืœื ืงื˜ื•ืŸ.
02:13
but he did the calculations for our Earth
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื•ื ืขืฉื” ืืช ื”ื—ื™ืฉื•ื‘ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื›ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืืจืฅ ืฉืœื ื•
02:16
and what it had to do to produce that amount of energy.
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ื•ืžื” ื ื“ืจืฉ ื”ื™ื” ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื›ื“ื™ ืœื™ื™ืฆืจ ืืช ื›ืžื•ืช ื”ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ื”ื–ื•.
02:18
From the photosynthetic growth,
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ืžื”ื’ื“ื™ืœื” ื”ืคื•ื˜ื•ืกื™ื ืชื˜ื™ืช,
02:20
it would take 500 years of that growth
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ื™ื™ืงื— 500 ืฉื ื” ืฉืœ ื”ื’ื“ื™ืœื” ื”ื–ื•
02:23
to produce what we use, the 30 billion barrels we use per year.
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœื™ื™ืฆืจ ืืช 30 ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ื”ื—ื‘ื™ื•ืช ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืฆื•ืจื›ื™ื ื›ืœ ืฉื ื”.
02:28
And that also brought me to the fact that
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ื•ื–ื” ื’ื ื”ื‘ื™ื ืื•ืชื™ ืœืขื•ื‘ื“ื”
02:30
this poses such a risk to our society.
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ืฉื–ื” ืžืžืฉ ืžื”ื•ื•ื” ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ืœื—ื‘ืจื” ืฉืœื ื•.
02:33
Looking at 30 billion per year,
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ื›ืฉืžืกืชื›ืœื™ื ืขืœ 30 ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ื‘ืฉื ื”,
02:38
we look at our two largest suppliers,
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ืžืกืชื›ืœื™ื ืขืœ ืฉืชื™ ื”ืกืคืงื™ื•ืช ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื•ืช ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืœื ื•,
02:40
Saudi Arabia and now Canada, with its dirty oil.
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ืขืจื‘ ื”ืกืขื•ื“ื™ืช, ื•ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืงื ื“ื”, ืขื ื”ื ืคื˜ ื”"ืžืœื•ื›ืœืš" ืฉืœื”.
02:42
And together they only form about 15 years of supply.
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ื•ื‘ื™ื—ื“ ื”ืŸ ื ื•ืชื ื•ืช ื‘ืขืจืš 15 ืฉื ื” ืฉืœ ืžืœืื™.
02:46
The whole world, at 1.2 trillion estimated reserves,
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ื›ืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื, ื”ืžื•ืขืจืš ื‘ 1.2 ื˜ืจื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ืขืชื•ื“ื•ืช,
02:49
only gives us about 45 years.
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ื ื•ืชืŸ ืœื ื• ืจืง 45 ืฉื ื” ื‘ืขืจืš.
02:51
So, it's not a question of if, but a question of when
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ืื– ื–ื• ืœื ืฉืืœื” ืฉืœ ื”ืื, ืืœื ืฉืืœื” ืฉืœ ืžืชื™
02:54
peak oil will come upon us.
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ืงืฅ ื”ื ืคื˜ ื™ื’ื™ืข ืืœื™ื ื•.
02:56
So, to me, using photography --
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ืื–, ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœื™, ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืฆื™ืœื•ื --
02:58
and I feel that all of us need to now begin to really
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ื•ืื ื™ ืžืจื’ื™ืฉ ืฉื›ื•ืœื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืœื”ืชื—ื™ืœ
03:01
take the task of using our talents,
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ืœืงื—ืช ืืช ื”ืžื˜ืœื” ืฉืœ ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื›ืฉืจื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืœื ื•,
03:03
our ways of thinking,
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ื“ืจื›ื™ ื”ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื” ืฉืœื ื•,
03:06
to begin to deal with what I think is probably
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ืœื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ ืขื ืžื” ืฉืœื“ืขืชื™ ื”ื•ื ื›ื ืจืื”
03:08
one of the most challenging issues of our time,
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ืื—ื“ ืžื”ื ื•ืฉืื™ื ื”ืžืืชื’ืจื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืœ ื–ืžื ื ื•,
03:11
how to deal with our energy crisis.
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ืื™ืš ืœื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ ืขื ืžืฉื‘ืจ ื”ืื ืจื’ื™ื”.
03:13
And I would like to say that, on the other side of it,
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ื•ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉื‘ืฆื“ ื”ืฉื ื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ื–ื”,
03:15
30, 40 years from now, the children that I have,
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30, 40 ืฉื ื” ืžืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื™,
03:17
I can look at them and say, "We did everything
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ืื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ืกืชื›ืœ ืขืœื™ื”ื ื•ืœื•ืžืจ,
03:19
we possibly, humanly could do,
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"ืขืฉื™ื ื• ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉื‘ื›ื•ื—ื ื• ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™ ืœืขืฉื•ืช"
03:22
to begin to mitigate this,
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ื•ืœืžืชืŸ ืืช ื”ืจื’ืข ื”ื–ื”,
03:25
what I feel is one of the most important and critical
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ืฉืื ื™ ืžืจื’ื™ืฉ ืฉื”ื•ื ืื—ื“ ืžื”ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื™ื ื•ื”ืงืจื™ื˜ื™ื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ
03:27
moments in our time. Thank you.
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ืฉืœ ื–ืžื ื ื•. ืชื•ื“ื” ืจื‘ื”.
03:30
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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