Archeology from space | Sarah Parcak

Translator: Jenny Zurawell

Prevoditelj: Suzana Baric Recezent: SIBELA KESAC

Odrastajući u Maineu,

When I was a child growing up in Maine,

one of my favorite things to do

jedna od mojih najdražih aktivnosti

was to look for sand dollars on the seashores of Maine,

bila je tražiti pješčane dolare (Clypeasteroida) na obali Majne,

because my parents told me it would bring me luck.

zato što su mi roditelji rekli da će mi donijeti sreću.

Ali, znate, te školjke je teško naći.

But you know, these shells, they're hard to find.

They're covered in sand, they're difficult to see.

Prekrivene su pijeskom i teško ih je vidjeti.

However, over time, I got used to looking for them.

No, s vremenom, naučila sam se tražiti ih.

I started seeing shapes

Počela sam vidjeti oblike

and patterns that helped me to collect them.

i uzorke koji su mi pomagali skupljati ih.

To se pretvorilo u strast za pronalaženjem stvari,

This grew into a passion for finding things,

a love for the past and archaeology.

u ljubav prema prošlosti i arheologiji.

And eventually, when I started studying Egyptology,

I, naposljetku, kada sam počela proučavati egiptologiju,

I realized that seeing with my naked eyes alone wasn't enough.

shvatila sam da vidjeti svojim golim okom nije dovoljno.

Because all of the sudden, in Egypt,

Zato što je odjednom u Egiptu

my beach had grown from a tiny beach in Maine

moja plaža, iz malene plaže u Maineu,

to one eight hundred miles long,

narasla u plažu kraj Nila

next to the Nile.

dugu 1280 km,

And my sand dollars had grown to the size of cities.

a moji pješčani dolari narasli su

do veličine gradova.

This is really what brought me to using satellite imagery.

To je ono što me zbilja potaklo na korištenje satelitskih snimki.

For trying to map the past, I knew that I had to see differently.

Da bih pokušala mapirati prošlost, znala sam da moram vidjeti na drugačiji način.

Pa vam želim pokazati jedan primjer kako vidimo drugačije

So I want to show you an example of how we see differently

using the infrared.

koristeći infracrveno svjetlo.

This is a site located in the eastern Egyptian delta

Ovo je nalazište smješteno u istočnoj egipatskoj delti

called Mendes.

koja se zove Bendix.

And the site visibly appears brown,

Nalazište je naočigled prikazano smeđe,

but when we use the infrared

ali kada koristimo infracrveno svjetlo

and we process it, all of the sudden,

i obradimo ga, odjednom, koristeći krivu boju,

using false color,

the site appears as bright pink.

nalazište postaje svijetlo roza.

What you are seeing

Ono što vidite

are the actual chemical changes to the landscape

su prave kemijske promjene na krajoliku

caused by the building materials and activities

koje su prouzročili građevinski materijali i aktivnosti

starih Egipćana.

of the ancient Egyptians.

What I want to share with you today

Danas vam želim ispričati

is how we've used satellite data

kako smo koristili satelitske podatke

to find an ancient Egyptian city,

da bismo našli jedan stari egipatski grad

called Itjtawy,

nazvan Itjtawy,

missing for thousands of years.

koji je bio izgubljen tisućama godina.

Itjtawy was ancient Egypt's capital

Itjtawy je bio staroegipatski glavni grad

preko 400 godina,

for over four hundred years,

at a period of time called the Middle Kingdom,

u vrijeme koje se zvalo Srednje kraljevstvo,

about four thousand years ago.

prije oko 4000 godina.

The site is located in the Faiyum of Egypt,

Nalazište je smješteno u Faiyumu u Egiptu

and the site is really important,

i veoma je važno zato što je u Srednjem kraljevstvu

because in the Middle Kingdom there was this great renaissance

bila velika renesansa staroegipatske umjetnosti,

for ancient Egyptian art, architecture and religion.

arhitekture i religije.

Egiptolozi su oduvijek znali da se nalazište Itjtawyja

Egyptologists have always known the site of Itjtawy

was located somewhere near the pyramids of the two kings who built it,

smjestilo negdje blizu piramida

dva kralja koja su ga sagradila, što je naznačeno unutar ovih crvenih krugova,

indicated within the red circles here,

but somewhere within this massive flood plain.

ali negdje unutar ove ravnine s obilnim poplavama.

To područje je ogromno -

This area is huge --

it's four miles by three miles in size.

veličine 6.5 kilometara sa 4.8 kilometara.

The Nile used to flow right next to the city of Itjtawy,

Nil je nekada tekao odmah kraj grada Itjtawyja,

and as it shifted and changed and moved over time to the east,

a kako je mijenjao tok i s vremenom se pomicao na istok,

it covered over the city.

prekrio je grad.

So, how do you find a buried city

Pa, kako naći zakopani grad

in a vast landscape?

na širokom području?

Finding it randomly would be the equivalent

Naći ga nasumice bilo bi jednako

pronalasku igle u plastu sijena,

of locating a needle in a haystack,

blindfolded, wearing baseball mitts.

vezanih očiju i s bejzbolskim rukavicama.

(Laughter)

Koristili smo NASA-ine topografske podatke

So what we did is we used NASA topography data

to map out the landscape, very subtle changes.

kako bismo mapirali krajolik, veoma suptilne promjene.

We started to be able to see where the Nile used to flow.

Polako smo mogli vidjeti gdje je Nil nekada tekao.

Ali možete detaljnije vidjeti - što je još zanimljivije -

But you can see in more detail, and even more interesting,

ovo veoma blago povišeno područje

this very slight raised area

seen within the circle up here

s krugom ovdje, za koje smo mislili da bi mogla biti

which we thought could possibly be the location of the city of Itjtawy.

lokacija Itjtawyja.

So we collaborated with Egyptian scientists

Surađivali smo s egipatskim znanstvenicima

da bismo obavili radove na jezgri, što vidite ovdje.

to do coring work, which you see here.

When I say coring, it's like ice coring,

Kada kažem radovi na jezgri, to je poput vađenja jezgre ledenjaka, ali umjesto

but instead of layers of climate change,

slojeva klimatskih promjena tražite slojeve ljudske aktivnosti.

you're looking for layers of human occupation.

I pet metara niže,

And, five meters down,

underneath a thick layer of mud,

ispod debelog sloja blata,

našli smo gust sloj lončarije.

we found a dense layer of pottery.

What this shows is that at this possible location of Itjtawy,

To pokazuje da na ovoj mogućoj lokaciji

Itjtawyja, pet metara niže,

five meters down,

we have a layer of occupation for several hundred years,

imamo sloj aktivnosti koja je trajala više stotina godina

dating to the Middle Kingdom,

datirajući u doba Srednjeg kraljevstva, datirajući do točnog perioda

dating to the exact period of time we think Itjtawy is.

u kojem mislimo da je Itjtawy.

We also found work stone --

Pronašli smo i kamen -

carnelian, quartz and agate

karneol, kvarc i ahat koji pokazuju

that shows that there was a jeweler's workshop here.

da je ovdje bila draguljareva radionica.

These might not look like much,

Možda se ovo ne čini posebnim,

ali kada razmislite o najčešćem kamenju

but when you think about the most common stones

used in jewelry from the Middle Kingdom,

korištenom u nakitu iz Srednjeg kraljevstva,

to je ono kamenje koje se koristilo.

these are the stones that were used.

Tako na ovom nalazištu imamo gusti sloj aktivnosti

So, we have a dense layer of occupation

dating to the Middle Kingdom at this site.

koji datira u vrijeme Srednjeg kraljevstva.

Imamo i dokaz jedne elitne draguljarske radionice,

We also have evidence of an elite jeweler's workshop,

što pokazuje da je ondje bio veoma važan grad.

showing that whatever was there was a very important city.

No Itjtawy was here yet,

Itjtawy još nije bio tu,

but we're going to be returning to the site

ali vratit ćemo se na nalazište

in the near future to map it out.

u skoroj budućnosti kako bismo ga mapirali.

And even more importantly,

I što je važnije,

we have funding to train young Egyptians in the use of satellite technology

imamo sredstva za obučavanje mladih Egipćana

za korištenje satelitske tehnologije

so they can be the ones making great discoveries as well.

kako bi oni bili ti koji također ostvaruju velika otkrića.

So I wanted to end with my favorite quote from the Middle Kingdom --

Htjela bih završiti svojim omiljenim citatom

iz Srednjeg kraljevstva -

it was probably written at the city of Itjtawy

vjerojatno je napisan u Itjtawyju prije 4000 godina.

four thousand years ago.

"Dijeljenje znanja je najveće od svih zvanja.

"Sharing knowledge is the greatest of all callings.

There's nothing like it in the land."

Ne postoji ništa poput toga."

So as it turns out, TED was not founded in 1984 AD.

Pa tako ispada da TED nije utemeljen 1984. godine naše ere.

(Laughter)

(Smijeh)

Making ideas actually started in 1984 BC

Stvaranje ideja zapravo je započelo 1984. godine prije naše ere

u gradu koji nije dugo bio izgubljen, a pronađen je odozgora.

at a not-lost-for-long city, found from above.

It certainly puts finding seashells by the seashore in perspective.

To svakako čini pronalaženje školjki kraj obale najmanjom brigom.

Thank you very much.

Mnogo vam hvala.

(Applause)

(Pljesak)

Thank you.

Hvala.

(Applause)

(Pljesak)