The way we think about work is broken | Barry Schwartz

Prevoditelj: Dora Ustulica Recezent: Ivan Stamenković

Today I'm going to talk about work.

Danas ću pričati o poslu.

And the question I want to ask and answer is this:

I pitanje koje želim postaviti i na njega odgovoriti je:

"Why do we work?"

"Zašto radimo?"

Why do we drag ourselves out of bed every morning

Zašto se svakoga jutra izvlačimo iz kreveta,

instead of living our lives

umjesto da živimo svoje živote

just filled with bouncing from one TED-like adventure to another?

ispunjene samo izmijenjivanjem avantura o kakvima se čuje na TED-u?

(Laughter)

(Smijeh)

You may be asking yourselves that very question.

Možda se pitate baš to pitanje.

Now, I know of course, we have to make a living,

Znam da moramo zarađivati za život,

but nobody in this room thinks that that's the answer to the question,

ali nitko u ovoj prostoriji ne misli da postoji odgovor na pitanje

"Why do we work?"

"Zašto radimo?"

For folks in this room, the work we do is challenging,

Za sve u ovoj prostoriji,posao koji radimo je izazovan,

it's engaging, it's stimulating, it's meaningful.

privlačan,stimulirajuć,značajan.

And if we're lucky, it might even be important.

I ako smo te sreće,čak i važan.

So, we wouldn't work if we didn't get paid,

Dakle,ne bismo radili da nam ne plaćaju,

but that's not why we do what we do.

ali to nije razlog zašto radimo to što radimo.

And in general,

I općenito,

I think we think that material rewards are a pretty bad reason

smatram da mislimo da su materijalne nagrade dosta loš razlog

for doing the work that we do.

da radimo to što radimo.

When we say of somebody that he's "in it for the money,"

Kad kažemo da netko nešto radi zbog novca,

we are not just being descriptive.

ne opisujemo samo.

(Laughter)

(Smijeh)

Now, I think this is totally obvious,

Mislim da je to potpuno očito,

but the very obviousness of it raises what is for me

ali upravo očitost toga u meni postavlja

an incredibly profound question.

to iznimno duboko pitanje.

Why, if this is so obvious,

Zašto,ako je tako očito,

why is it that for the overwhelming majority of people on the planet,

za večinu ljudi na ovom svijetu

the work they do has none of the characteristics

posao koji rade nema niti jednu karakteristiku

that get us up and out of bed and off to the office every morning?

koja bi nas svako jutro probudila, digla iz kreveta i odvela u ured?

How is it that we allow the majority of people on the planet

Zašto dopuštamo većini ljudi na svijetu

to do work that is monotonous, meaningless and soul-deadening?

da rade monoton,beznačajan posao, posao koji ubija dušu?

Why is it that as capitalism developed,

Zašto je s ravojem kapitalizma

it created a mode of production, of goods and services,

nastao način proizvodnje dobara i usluga

in which all the nonmaterial satisfactions that might come from work were eliminated?

u kojem su sva nematerijalna zadovoljstva koja mogu proizaći iz posla isključena?

Workers who do this kind of work,

Radnici koji rade te poslove,

whether they do it in factories, in call centers,

bilo da rade u tvornicama, pozivnim centrima

or in fulfillment warehouses,

ili skladištima,

do it for pay.

rade ih za plaću.

There is certainly no other earthly reason to do what they do except for pay.

Zasigurno ne postoji niti jedan drugi zemaljski razlog zašto,osim zbog plaće.

So the question is, "Why?"

Dakle,pitanje je "Zašto?"

And here's the answer:

I evo odgovora:

the answer is technology.

odgovor je tehnologija.

Now, I know, I know --

OK,znam,znam-

yeah, yeah, yeah, technology, automation screws people, blah blah --

da,da,da,tehnologija, automatizacija uništava ljude,bla bla-

that's not what I mean.

to nije ono na što mislim.

I'm not talking about the kind of technology

Ne mislim na tu vrstu tehnologije

that has enveloped our lives, and that people come to TED to hear about.

koja je obuzela naše živote i o kojoj ljudi dolaze pričati na TED.

I'm not talking about the technology of things,

Ne pričam o tehnologiji stvari,

profound though that is.

iako je to duboka tema.

I'm talking about another technology.

Govorim o drugoj tehnologiji.

I'm talking about the technology of ideas.

Govorim o tehnologiji ideja.

I call it, "idea technology" --

Zovem ju "idejna tehnologija"-

how clever of me.

kako pametno.

(Laughter)

(Smijeh)

In addition to creating things, science creates ideas.

Uz stvaranje stvari, znanost stvara i ideje.

Science creates ways of understanding.

Znanost stvara načine razmišljanja.

And in the social sciences,

I u društvenim znanostima,

the ways of understanding that get created are ways of understanding ourselves.

načini razumijevanja koji su stvoreni, su načini razumijevanja nas samih.

And they have an enormous influence on how we think, what we aspire to,

I oni imaju ogroman utjecaj na naše načine razmišljanja,naše aspiracije,

and how we act.

naše postupke.

If you think your poverty is God's will, you pray.

Ako smatrate da je vaše siromaštvo Božja volja,molite.

If you think your poverty is the result of your own inadequacy,

Ako smatrate da je vaše siromaštvo rezultat vaše neučinkovitosti,

you shrink into despair.

utonete u očaj.

And if you think your poverty is the result of oppression and domination,

A ako mislite da je vaše siromaštvo rezultat opresije i dominacije,

then you rise up in revolt.

pobunite se.

Whether your response to poverty is resignation or revolution,

Hoće li vaš odgovor na siromaštvo biti rezignacija ili revolucija,

depends on how you understand the sources of your poverty.

ovisi o načinu razumijevanja izvora vašeg siromaštva.

This is the role that ideas play in shaping us as human beings,

To je uloga koju imaju ideje u oblikovanju ljudskih bića

and this is why idea technology may be the most profoundly important technology

i to je ralog zašto je idejna tehnologija možda najvažnija tehnologija

that science gives us.

koju nam daje znanost.

And there's something special about idea technology,

I postoji nešto posebno o idejnoj tehnologiji,

that makes it different from the technology of things.

nešto što ju razlikuje od tehnologije stvari.

With things, if the technology sucks,

Kada govorimo o stvarima, ako tehnologija ne valja,

it just vanishes, right?

samo nestane,je li tako?

Bad technology disappears.

Loša tehnologija nestaje.

With ideas --

Kada govorimo o idejama-

false ideas about human beings will not go away

Lažne ideje o ljudskim bićima neće nestati,

if people believe that they're true.

ako ljudi vjeruju u njih.

Because if people believe that they're true,

Jer,ako ljudi vjeruju da su istinite,

they create ways of living and institutions

stvaraju načine života i institucije

that are consistent with these very false ideas.

koje se usklađene s tim veoma lažnim idejama.

And that's how the industrial revolution created a factory system

I tako je industrijska revolucija stvorila sustav tvornica

in which there was really nothing you could possibly get out of your day's work,

u kojem niste mogli izvući ništa iz svog radnog dana,

except for the pay at the end of the day.

osim plaće na kraju dana.

Because the father -- one of the fathers

Zato što je otac-jedan od otaca.

of the Industrial Revolution, Adam Smith --

industrijske revolucije,Adam Smith--

was convinced that human beings were by their very natures lazy,

bio uvjeren da su ljudska bića po svojoj prirodi lijena

and wouldn't do anything unless you made it worth their while,

i da neće ništa raditi, osim ako ih ne potaknete nečim,

and the way you made it worth their while

a to nešto je bilo

was by incentivizing, by giving them rewards.

nagrađivanje.

That was the only reason anyone ever did anything.

To je bio jedini razlog zašto je bilo tko išta radio.

So we created a factory system consistent with that false view of human nature.

Stvorili smo sustav tvornica usklađen s lažnom idejom ljudske prirode.

But once that system of production was in place,

Ali jednom kad se taj sustav proizvodnje ustalio,

there was really no other way for people to operate,

nije bilo drugog načina da ljudi funkcioniraju,

except in a way that was consistent with Adam Smith's vision.

osim na način usklačen s viđenjem Adama Smitha.

So the work example is merely an example

Dakle,posao je jednostavno primjer

of how false ideas can create a circumstance

kao pogrešne ideje mogu stvoriti priliku

that ends up making them true.

u kojoj završe ispravne.

It is not true

Nije istina

that you "just can't get good help anymore."

da više ne možete dobiti "dobru pomoć".

It is true

Istina je

that you "can't get good help anymore"

da više ne možete dobiti "dobru pomoć"

when you give people work to do that is demeaning and soulless.

kada ljudima dajete posao koji je nedostojan i bezdušan.

And interestingly enough, Adam Smith --

I zanimljivo je da je Adam Smith-

the same guy who gave us this incredible invention

isti čovjek koji nam je priskrbio taj nevjerojatan izum

of mass production, and division of labor

masovne proizvodnje i podjelu rada

-- understood this.

-- to razumio.

He said, of people who worked in assembly lines,

Rekao je,o ljudima koji su radili na pokretnim trakama,

of men who worked in assembly lines, he says:

o muškarcima koji su ondje radili,on kaže:

"He generally becomes as stupid as it is possible for a human being to become."

"Postaju onoliko glupi koliko je moguće da čovjek postane."

Now, notice the word here is "become."

Primijetite da je ovdje riječ "postati".

"He generally becomes as stupid as it is possible for a human being to become."

"Postaju onoliko glupi koliko je moguće da čovjek postane".

Whether he intended it or not, what Adam Smith was telling us there,

Neovisno o tome da li je to želio, ono što nam je Adam Smith ovjde rekao,

is that the very shape of the institution within which people work

jest da sam oblik institucije u kojoj ljudi rade

creates people who are fitted to the demands of that institution

stvara ljude koji su prilagođeni zahtjevima institucije

and deprives people of the opportunity

i oduzima ljudima priliku

to derive the kinds of satisfactions from their work that we take for granted.

da dobiju to zadovoljstvo iz posla koje uzimamo zdravo za gotovo.

The thing about science -- natural science --

Problem u znanosti--prirodnim znanostima--

is that we can spin fantastic theories about the cosmos,

je da možemo stvoriti fantastične teorije o svemiru

and have complete confidence

i imati potpune dokaze

that the cosmos is completely indifferent to our theories.

da je svemir u potpunosti indiferentan prema našim teorijama.

It's going to work the same damn way

Funkcionirat će na isti prokleti način,

no matter what theories we have about the cosmos.

bez obzira koje mi teorije imamo o njemu.

But we do have to worry about the theories we have of human nature,

Ali moramo brinuti o teorijama koje imamo o ljudskoj prirodi,

because human nature will be changed by the theories we have

jer ljudsku priorodu mijenjamo svojim teorijama

that are designed to explain and help us understand human beings.

koje stvaramo da bismo objasnili i razumjeli ljudska bića.

The distinguished anthropologist, Clifford Geertz, said, years ago,

Poznati antropolog,Clifford Geertz, je rekao,prije mnogo godina,

that human beings are the "unfinished animals."

da su ljudska bića "nedovršene životinje".

And what he meant by that was that it is only human nature

I ono što je time mislio je da je samo ljudski

to have a human nature

imati ljudsku prirodu

that is very much the product of the society in which people live.

koja je proizvod društva u kojem ljudi žive.

That human nature, that is to say our human nature,

Ta ljudska priroda, točnije ta naša ljudska priroda,

is much more created than it is discovered.

je više stvarana,nego otkrivana.

We design human nature

Mi stvaramo ljudsku prirodu

by designing the institutions within which people live and work.

stvarajući institucije u kojima ljudi žive i rade.

And so you people --

Dakle,vi ljudi --

pretty much the closest I ever get to being with masters of the universe --

najbliže što ću ikad biti s gospodarima svemira --

you people should be asking yourself a question,

vi, ljudi, bi se trebali pitati,

as you go back home to run your organizations.

dok se vraćate kući voditi svoje organizacije,

Just what kind of human nature do you want to help design?

"U stvaranju kakve ljudske prirode želite pomoči?"

Thank you.

Hvala vam.

(Applause)

(Pljesak)

Thanks.

Hvala.