The way we think about work is broken | Barry Schwartz

502,997 views ・ 2015-09-29

TED


μ•„λž˜ μ˜λ¬Έμžλ§‰μ„ λ”λΈ”ν΄λ¦­ν•˜μ‹œλ©΄ μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.

λ²ˆμ—­: Suhun Choi κ²€ν† : Jihyeon J. Kim
00:12
Today I'm going to talk about work.
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μ „ 였늘 일에 κ΄€ν•΄μ„œ λ§ν•˜λ €κ³  ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:15
And the question I want to ask and answer is this:
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μ œκ°€ 묻고 λ‹΅ν•˜κ³  싢은 μ§ˆλ¬Έμ€ λ°”λ‘œ,
00:18
"Why do we work?"
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"μ™œ μš°λ¦¬λŠ” μΌν•˜λŠ”κ°€?"μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:21
Why do we drag ourselves out of bed every morning
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μ™œ μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 맀일 μ•„μΉ¨ 슀슀둜λ₯Ό μΉ¨λŒ€μ—μ„œ λŒμ–΄ λ‚ΌκΉŒμš”?
00:25
instead of living our lives
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우리의 삢을 TEDλ‹€μš΄ μ΄κ²ƒμ €κ²ƒμ˜
00:27
just filled with bouncing from one TED-like adventure to another?
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λͺ¨ν—˜μœΌλ‘œλΆ€ν„° 온 ν™œκΈ°λ‘œ μ±„μš°λŠ” λŒ€μ‹ μ—μš”?
00:32
(Laughter)
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(μ›ƒμŒ)
00:34
You may be asking yourselves that very question.
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μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ€ μ•„λ§ˆ μŠ€μŠ€λ‘œμ—κ²Œ κ·Έ 같은 μ§ˆλ¬Έμ„ ν• κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:37
Now, I know of course, we have to make a living,
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μ§€κΈˆ, λ¬Όλ‘  저도 μ••λ‹ˆλ‹€λ§Œ, 우린 생계λ₯Ό κΎΈλ €μ•Όμ§€μš”.
00:39
but nobody in this room thinks that that's the answer to the question,
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ 이 곳에 μžˆλŠ” λˆ„κ΅¬λ„ 그것이 이 질문의 닡이라 μƒκ°ν•˜μ§€ μ•ŠμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:43
"Why do we work?"
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"μ™œ μš°λ¦¬λŠ” μΌν•˜λŠ”κ°€?"
00:44
For folks in this room, the work we do is challenging,
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이 곳의 μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ—κ², 우리 μΌμ΄λž€ ν•΄λ³Ό λ§Œν•œ 것이고
00:48
it's engaging, it's stimulating, it's meaningful.
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멋지고, ν™œκΈ°λ₯Ό μ£Όλ©° μ˜λ―ΈμžˆλŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:52
And if we're lucky, it might even be important.
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그리고 운이 μ’‹λ‹€λ©΄, 이것은 μ€‘μš”ν•˜κΈ°κΉŒμ§€ ν•  κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:55
So, we wouldn't work if we didn't get paid,
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‹ˆκΉŒ μš°λ¦¬λŠ” λˆμ„ μ•ˆ λ°›λŠ”λ‹€λ©΄ 일을 ν•˜μ§€λŠ” μ•Šμ„ κ±°μ§€λ§Œ
00:57
but that's not why we do what we do.
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그게 μš°λ¦¬κ°€ 일을 ν•˜λŠ” μ΄μœ λŠ” μ•„λ‹™λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:00
And in general,
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그리고 일반적으둜
01:01
I think we think that material rewards are a pretty bad reason
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제 생각에 물질적 λ³΄μƒλ•Œλ¬Έμ— μΌν•œλ‹€λŠ” 게 κ½€ λ‚˜μœ 이유라고 μƒκ°ν•˜λŠ” 것 같은데
01:04
for doing the work that we do.
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01:06
When we say of somebody that he's "in it for the money,"
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μš°λ¦¬κ°€ λˆ„κ΅°κ°€λ₯Ό κ·ΈλŠ” "돈 λ•Œλ¬Έμ— ν•œλ‹€"라고 말할 λ•Œ
01:10
we are not just being descriptive.
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κ·Έμ € μ„€λͺ…ν•˜λŠ” 말둜 ν•˜λŠ” 게 μ•„λ‹ˆμ£ .
01:13
(Laughter)
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(μ›ƒμŒ)
01:14
Now, I think this is totally obvious,
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μ§€κΈˆ, 제 생각엔 이게 μ•„μ£Ό λͺ…ν™•ν•˜λ‹€κ³  λ΄…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:16
but the very obviousness of it raises what is for me
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ 이에 κ΄€ν•œ μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ λͺ…확성은
01:19
an incredibly profound question.
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μ €μ—κ²Œ λ†€λžλ„λ‘ μ‹¬μ˜€ν•œ μ§ˆλ¬Έμ„ λ– μ˜€λ₯΄κ²Œ ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:21
Why, if this is so obvious,
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μ™œ, λ§Œμ•½ 이게 그토둝 λͺ…ν™•ν•˜λ‹€λ©΄,
01:24
why is it that for the overwhelming majority of people on the planet,
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μ™œ 이 μ§€κ΅¬μƒμ˜ 압도적인 λŒ€λ‹€μˆ˜μ˜ μ‚¬λžŒμ—κ²Œ
01:30
the work they do has none of the characteristics
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그듀이 ν•˜λŠ” 일이 μ•„λ¬΄λŸ° νŠΉμ§•μ΄ μ—†λŠ” 것일지,
01:34
that get us up and out of bed and off to the office every morning?
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즉, 그듀을 맀일 μ•„μΉ¨ μΌμ–΄λ‚˜ μΆœκ·Όν•˜κ²Œ ν•  νŠΉμ§•μ΄ μ—†λŠ” κ±ΈκΉŒμš”?
01:38
How is it that we allow the majority of people on the planet
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μ–΄μ§Έμ„œ μ§€κ΅¬μƒμ˜ λŒ€λ‹€μˆ˜ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ—κ²Œ
01:42
to do work that is monotonous, meaningless and soul-deadening?
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단쑰둭고, μ˜λ―Έμ—†κ³ , μ˜ν˜Όμ„ λ©”λ§ˆλ₯΄κ²Œ ν•˜λŠ” 일을 ν•˜λŠ” κ±ΈκΉŒμš”?
01:47
Why is it that as capitalism developed,
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μžλ³Έμ£Όμ˜κ°€ λ°œλ‹¬ν•˜λ©΄μ„œ
01:50
it created a mode of production, of goods and services,
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μž¬ν™”μ™€ μ„œλΉ„μŠ€, μ œν’ˆμ˜ 방식을 λ§Œλ“€μ—ˆκ³ 
01:53
in which all the nonmaterial satisfactions that might come from work were eliminated?
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κ·Έ μΌμ—μ„œ μ–»λŠ” λΉ„λ¬Όμ§ˆμ μΈ 만쑱감이 제거된 건 μ–΄μ§Έμ„œμΌκΉŒμš”?
02:00
Workers who do this kind of work,
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이런 일을 ν•˜λŠ” λ…Έλ™μžλ“€μ€,
02:02
whether they do it in factories, in call centers,
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곡μž₯μ—μ„œ μΌν•˜λ“ , μ½œμ„Όν„°μ—μ„œ μΌν•˜λ“ ,
02:05
or in fulfillment warehouses,
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λ˜λŠ” λ¬Όλ₯˜ μ°½κ³ μ—μ„œ μΌν•˜λ“ μ§€ λˆμ„ 벌기 μœ„ν•΄ ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:07
do it for pay.
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02:09
There is certainly no other earthly reason to do what they do except for pay.
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λ‹€λ₯Έ μ–΄λ– ν•œ μ΄μœ λ„ λˆμ„ 벌기 μœ„ν•΄μ„œλž€ 것 μ™Έμ—λŠ” μ—†μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:15
So the question is, "Why?"
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ μ§ˆλ¬Έμ€, "μ™œ?"μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:18
And here's the answer:
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그리고 μ—¬κΈ° 닡이 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:20
the answer is technology.
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닡은 κΈ°μˆ μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:23
Now, I know, I know --
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이제, λ‚΄ μ••λ‹ˆλ‹€, μ•Œμ•„μš”,
02:24
yeah, yeah, yeah, technology, automation screws people, blah blah --
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λ„€,λ„€,λ„€, 기술, μžλ™ν™”κ°€ μ‚¬λžŒμ„ 망치고 μ–΄μ©Œκ³  μ €μ©Œκ³ --
02:28
that's not what I mean.
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μ „ 이걸 λ§ν•˜λŠ”κ²Œ μ•„λ‹™λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:29
I'm not talking about the kind of technology
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μ €λŠ” 그런 μ’…λ₯˜μ˜ κΈ°μˆ μ— λŒ€ν•΄ λ§ν•˜λŠ” 게 μ•„λ‹Œλ°
02:32
that has enveloped our lives, and that people come to TED to hear about.
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우리 삢을 ν¬μœ„ν•˜κ±°λ‚˜, μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄ TED에 μ™€μ„œ λ“£λŠ” κ±° λ§μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:36
I'm not talking about the technology of things,
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μ‚¬λ¬Όμ˜ κΈ°μˆ μ„ λ§ν•˜λŠ” 게 μ•„λ‹™λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:39
profound though that is.
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비둝 그게 μ‹¬μ˜€ν•˜κΈ΄ ν•˜μ§€λ§Œμš”.
02:41
I'm talking about another technology.
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μ „ λ‹€λ₯Έ κΈ°μˆ μ— λŒ€ν•΄ λ§ν•˜λ € ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:43
I'm talking about the technology of ideas.
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μƒκ°μ˜ κΈ°μˆ μ— λŒ€ν•΄ λ§ν•˜λ € ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:47
I call it, "idea technology" --
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μ €λŠ” "생각 기술"이라고 ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:49
how clever of me.
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μ € μ°Έ λ˜‘λ˜‘ν•˜μ£ .
02:50
(Laughter)
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(μ›ƒμŒ)
02:52
In addition to creating things, science creates ideas.
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과학은 λ³΄μ΄λŠ” λ­”κ°€λ₯Ό μ°½μ‘°ν•˜λ©΄μ„œ 생각을 μ°½μ‘°ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:56
Science creates ways of understanding.
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과학은 μ΄ν•΄μ˜ 방법을 μ°½μ‘°ν•˜μ£ .
02:59
And in the social sciences,
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그리고 μ‚¬νšŒ κ³Όν•™μ—μ„œλŠ”,
03:01
the ways of understanding that get created are ways of understanding ourselves.
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λ§Œλ“€μ–΄μ§„ μ΄ν•΄μ˜ 방식듀이 곧 우리 슀슀둜λ₯Ό μ΄ν•΄ν•˜λŠ” 방식이 λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:06
And they have an enormous influence on how we think, what we aspire to,
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그것은 우리의 사고방식과 μ›ν•˜λŠ” 것에 μ§€λŒ€ν•œ 영ν–₯을 λΌμΉ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:10
and how we act.
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그리고 μš°λ¦¬κ°€ ν–‰λ™ν•˜λŠ” 방식에도 영ν–₯을 μ£Όμ£ .
03:12
If you think your poverty is God's will, you pray.
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λ§Œμ•½ μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ΄ κ°€λ‚œμ„ μ‹ μ˜ 뜻이라고 μƒκ°ν•˜λ©΄, μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ€ κΈ°λ„ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:16
If you think your poverty is the result of your own inadequacy,
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λ§Œμ•½ κ°€λ‚œμ„ μžμ‹ μ˜ λΆ€μ‘±ν•¨μ˜ 결과라고 μƒκ°ν•˜λ©΄,
03:20
you shrink into despair.
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μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ€ μ ˆλ§μ— λΉ μ§‘λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:23
And if you think your poverty is the result of oppression and domination,
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그리고 λ§Œμ•½ μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ΄ κ°€λ‚œμ„ μ–΅μ••κ³Ό μ§€λ°°μ˜ 결과라고 μƒκ°ν•œλ‹€λ©΄,
03:27
then you rise up in revolt.
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당신은 μ €ν•­ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄ μΌμ–΄λ‚˜κ² μ£ .
03:29
Whether your response to poverty is resignation or revolution,
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κ°€λ‚œμ— λŒ€ν•œ μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ˜ λŒ€μ‘μ΄ 체념이든 저항이든
03:34
depends on how you understand the sources of your poverty.
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κ°€λ‚œμ˜ 근원에 λŒ€ν•œ 이해에 따라 λ‹€λ¦…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:37
This is the role that ideas play in shaping us as human beings,
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μ΄λ ‡κ²Œ 생각이 우리λ₯Ό μΈκ°„μœΌλ‘œ λ§Œλ“œλŠ” 역할을 ν•˜μ£ .
03:43
and this is why idea technology may be the most profoundly important technology
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ 생각 기술이 과학이 μš°λ¦¬μ—κ²Œ μ€€ κ°€μž₯ μ ˆμ‹€νžˆ μ€‘μš”ν•œ 기술인 κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:49
that science gives us.
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03:51
And there's something special about idea technology,
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그리고 생각 κΈ°μˆ μ— λŒ€ν•΄ νŠΉλ³„ν•œ 게 μžˆλŠ”λ°,
03:55
that makes it different from the technology of things.
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그게 μ‚¬λ¬Όμ˜ 기술과 κ΅¬λ³„λ˜λŠ” μ μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:58
With things, if the technology sucks,
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사물에 μžˆμ–΄μ„œ λ§Œμ•½ 기술이 λ³„λ‘œμ΄λ©΄
04:01
it just vanishes, right?
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그건 κ·Έλƒ₯ μ‚¬λΌμ§‘λ‹ˆλ‹€. λ§žλ‚˜μš”?
04:04
Bad technology disappears.
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λ‚˜μœ κΈ°μˆ μ€ 사라지죠.
04:06
With ideas --
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‚˜ 생각은--
04:08
false ideas about human beings will not go away
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μΈκ°„μ˜ 잘λͺ»λœ 생각은 사라지지 μ•ŠμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:13
if people believe that they're true.
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μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄ 그것듀이 λ§žλ‹€κ³  λ―ΏλŠ”λ‹€λ©΄μš”.
04:16
Because if people believe that they're true,
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μ™œλƒν•˜λ©΄ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄ 그것이 λ§žλ‹€κ³  믿으면
04:19
they create ways of living and institutions
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그듀은 μ‚΄μ•„κ°€λŠ” 방법과 μ œλ„λ₯Ό λ§Œλ“œλŠ”λ°
04:22
that are consistent with these very false ideas.
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그것은 κ·Έ 잘λͺ»λœ 생각듀과 ν•¨κ»˜ λΆ€ν•©ν•˜λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:26
And that's how the industrial revolution created a factory system
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κ·Έλ ‡κ²Œ ν•΄μ„œ μ‚°μ—…ν˜λͺ…이 곡μž₯ 체계λ₯Ό λ§Œλ“€μ—ˆλŠ”λ°
04:30
in which there was really nothing you could possibly get out of your day's work,
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κ·Έ 곳에선 ν•˜λ£¨ 일을 마치고 λ°›λŠ” μ›”κΈ‰λ§κ³ λŠ”
04:34
except for the pay at the end of the day.
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정말 아무것도 μ–»λŠ” 게 μ—†μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:37
Because the father -- one of the fathers
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μ™œλƒν•˜λ©΄ μ‚°μ—…ν˜λͺ…μ˜ 아버지, κ·Έ 쀑 ν•˜λ‚˜μΈ 애덀 μŠ€λ―ΈμŠ€λŠ”
04:39
of the Industrial Revolution, Adam Smith --
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04:41
was convinced that human beings were by their very natures lazy,
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인간이 본성이 맀우 κ²Œμ„λŸ¬μ„œ
04:45
and wouldn't do anything unless you made it worth their while,
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κ·Έλ“€μ—κ²Œ μΌν• λ§Œν•œ κ°€μΉ˜λ₯Ό 주지 μ•ŠμœΌλ©΄ 아무것도 ν•˜μ§€ μ•Šμ„ 거라고 μƒκ°ν–ˆμ£ .
04:48
and the way you made it worth their while
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ κ·Έλ“€μ—κ²Œ μΌν•˜κ²Œ ν•˜λŠ” 방식은
04:50
was by incentivizing, by giving them rewards.
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μΈμ„Όν‹°λΈŒλ₯Ό μ£Όκ³ , 보상을 μ£ΌλŠ” κ²ƒμ΄μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:53
That was the only reason anyone ever did anything.
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그게 μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄ μΌν•˜λŠ” μœ μΌν•œ μ΄μœ μ˜€μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:56
So we created a factory system consistent with that false view of human nature.
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 인간본성에 λŒ€ν•œ 잘λͺ»λœ κ²¬ν•΄λ‘œ 곡μž₯ 체제λ₯Ό λ§Œλ“€μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:01
But once that system of production was in place,
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ 일단 μƒμ‚°μ˜ μ²΄μ œκ°€ 자리작자
05:04
there was really no other way for people to operate,
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μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ„ μ›€μ§μ΄κ²Œ ν•  λ‹€λ₯Έ 방법이 정말 μ—†μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:07
except in a way that was consistent with Adam Smith's vision.
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애덀 슀미슀의 μ‹œκ°μœΌλ‘œ μ§€μ†λœ 방식 λ§κ³ λŠ”μš”.
05:12
So the work example is merely an example
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일의 μ˜ˆμ‹œλŠ” μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ 잘λͺ»λœ 생각이
05:15
of how false ideas can create a circumstance
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사싀이 되게 ν•˜λŠ” ν™˜κ²½μ„ λ§Œλ“€ 수 μžˆλŠ”μ§€ λ³΄μ—¬μ£ΌλŠ” ν•œ μ‚¬λ‘€μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:19
that ends up making them true.
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05:23
It is not true
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"더 이상 도움을 얻을 수 μ—†λ‹€ "λŠ” 것은 사싀이 μ•„λ‹™λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:25
that you "just can't get good help anymore."
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05:29
It is true
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이것은 사싀일 κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€,
05:31
that you "can't get good help anymore"
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"더 이상 도움을 얻을 수 μ—†λ‹€"λŠ” 것은
05:34
when you give people work to do that is demeaning and soulless.
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μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ΄ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ—κ²Œ μ˜λ―Έμ—†κ³  μ˜ν˜Όμ—†λŠ” 일을 쀄 λ•Œμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:39
And interestingly enough, Adam Smith --
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그리고 μ°Έ ν₯λ―Έλ‘­κ²Œλ„, 애덀 슀미슀--
05:41
the same guy who gave us this incredible invention
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μš°λ¦¬μ—κ²Œ λŒ€λŸ‰ 생산과 λ…Έλ™μ˜ 뢄배에 λŒ€ν•œ
05:45
of mass production, and division of labor
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λ†€λΌμš΄ λ°œκ²¬μ„ κ°€μ Έλ‹€ μ€€ κ·ΈλŠ”,
05:47
-- understood this.
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이 사싀을 μ΄ν•΄ν•˜κ³  μžˆμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:48
He said, of people who worked in assembly lines,
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κ·Έκ°€ λ§ν•˜κΈΈ, μ‘°λ¦½λΌμΈμ—μ„œ μΌν•˜λŠ” μ‚¬λžŒλ“€,
05:52
of men who worked in assembly lines, he says:
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μ‘°λ¦½λΌμΈμ—μ„œ μΌν•˜λŠ” μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ€, κ·Έ 말에 λ”°λ₯΄λ©΄:
05:54
"He generally becomes as stupid as it is possible for a human being to become."
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"κ·ΈλŠ” 보톡 인간이 될 수 μžˆλŠ” κ°€μž₯ λ°”λ³΄μŠ€λŸ¬μš΄ λͺ¨μŠ΅μ΄ λœλ‹€."
06:01
Now, notice the word here is "become."
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이제, μ—¬κΈ° "λœλ‹€"λŠ” 단어λ₯Ό λ³΄μ‹­μ‹œμ˜€.
06:03
"He generally becomes as stupid as it is possible for a human being to become."
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"κ·ΈλŠ” 보톡 인간이 될 수 μžˆλŠ” κ°€μž₯ λ°”λ³΄μŠ€λŸ¬μš΄ λͺ¨μŠ΅μ΄ λœλ‹€."
06:09
Whether he intended it or not, what Adam Smith was telling us there,
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κ·Έκ°€ μ˜λ„ν–ˆλ“  μ•ˆν–ˆλ“ , 애덀 μŠ€λ―ΈμŠ€κ°€ λ§ν–ˆλ˜ 것은
06:13
is that the very shape of the institution within which people work
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μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄ μΌν•˜λŠ” κ·Έ μ œλ„ μ†μ—μ„œ κ·Έ λͺ¨μŠ΅μ΄
06:17
creates people who are fitted to the demands of that institution
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κ·Έ μ œλ„κ°€ μ›ν•˜λŠ” λͺ¨μŠ΅μ— λ§žλŠ” μ‚¬λžŒμ„ λ§Œλ“ λ‹€λŠ” κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:21
and deprives people of the opportunity
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그리고 μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ˜ 기회λ₯Ό λ°•νƒˆν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:24
to derive the kinds of satisfactions from their work that we take for granted.
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μš°λ¦¬κ°€ λ‹Ήμ—°μ‹œ ν•˜λŠ” κ·Έλ“€μ˜ μΌλ‘œλΆ€ν„° λ§Œμ‘±κ°μ„ μ΄λŒμ–΄ λ‚΄λŠ” 기회이죠.
06:29
The thing about science -- natural science --
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과학에 κ΄€ν•œ 것-- μžμ—° κ³Όν•™--
06:32
is that we can spin fantastic theories about the cosmos,
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그것은 μš°μ£Όμ— λŒ€ν•œ 멋진 이둠듀을 λ§Œλ“€μ–΄ λƒ…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:36
and have complete confidence
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” ν™•μ‹€νžˆ μ•„λŠ” 것이
06:38
that the cosmos is completely indifferent to our theories.
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μš°μ£Όκ°€ 우리의 이둠에 μ™„μ „νžˆ λ¬΄κ΄€μ‹¬ν•˜λ‹€λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:43
It's going to work the same damn way
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이것은 λ˜‘κ°™μ΄ λΉŒμ–΄λ¨Ήμ„ λ°©μ‹μœΌλ‘œ μž‘λ™ν• κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€,
06:45
no matter what theories we have about the cosmos.
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μš°λ¦¬κ°€ μš°μ£Όμ— λŒ€ν•œ μ–΄λ–€ 이둠을 가지고 μžˆλ“ μ§€ κ°„μ—μš”.
06:48
But we do have to worry about the theories we have of human nature,
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ 인간 본성에 λŒ€ν•΄ 우리 이둠에 λŒ€ν•΄μ„  우린 κ±±μ •ν•΄μ•Ό ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:54
because human nature will be changed by the theories we have
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μ™œλƒν•˜λ©΄ 인간 본성은 μš°λ¦¬κ°€ 가진 이둠에 μ˜ν•΄ λ°”λ€” κ²ƒμ΄λ‹ˆκΉŒμš”.
06:59
that are designed to explain and help us understand human beings.
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κ·Έ 이둠은 인간을 μ΄ν•΄ν•˜λŠ” κ±Έ 돕고 μ„€λͺ…ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄ λ§Œλ“€μ–΄μ§€λŠ” κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:03
The distinguished anthropologist, Clifford Geertz, said, years ago,
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μ €λͺ…ν•œ 인λ₯˜ν•™μžμΈ ν΄λ¦¬ν¬λ“œ κΈ°μ–΄μΈ κ°€ λͺ‡λ…„ μ „ λ§ν•˜κΈΈ,
07:08
that human beings are the "unfinished animals."
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인간은 "λ―Έμ™„μ„±μ˜ 동물"이닀.
07:12
And what he meant by that was that it is only human nature
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κ·Έκ°€ 이λ₯Ό 톡해 λ§ν•œ 것은, 였직 인간 λ³Έμ„±λ§Œμ΄
07:16
to have a human nature
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μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄ μ‚΄μ•„κ°€λŠ” μ‚¬νšŒμ˜
07:18
that is very much the product of the society in which people live.
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생산물인 κ·Έ 인간 본성을 κ°€μ§ˆ 수 μžˆλ‹€λŠ” κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:23
That human nature, that is to say our human nature,
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κ·Έ 인간 본성은, κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‹ˆκΉŒ 우리의 인간 본성은,
07:26
is much more created than it is discovered.
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λ°œκ²¬λ˜μ–΄μ§€λŠ” 게 μ•„λ‹ˆλΌ λ§Œλ“€μ–΄μ§€λŠ” κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:30
We design human nature
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 인간 본성을 μ„€κ³„ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:32
by designing the institutions within which people live and work.
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μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄ μΌν•˜κ³  μ‚΄μ•„κ°€λŠ” μ œλ„λ₯Ό μ„€κ³„ν•¨μœΌλ‘œμ¨μš”.
07:37
And so you people --
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‹ˆκΉŒ μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„λ“€--
07:38
pretty much the closest I ever get to being with masters of the universe --
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μ œκ°€ λ§Œλ‚˜λŠ” 우주의 λŒ€κ°€λ“€κ³Ό κ½€ λΉ„μŠ·ν• 
07:43
you people should be asking yourself a question,
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μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„λ“€ μŠ€μŠ€λ‘œμ—κ²Œ μ§ˆλ¬Έμ„ ν•΄μ•Όν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:47
as you go back home to run your organizations.
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집에 κ°€μ„œ μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ˜ 쑰직을 κΎΈλ¦¬λ €λ©΄μš”.
07:50
Just what kind of human nature do you want to help design?
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μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ€ μ–΄λ–€ μ’…λ₯˜μ˜ 인간 본성을 μ„€κ³„ν•˜λŠ” 것을 돕길 λ°”λžλ‹ˆκΉŒ?
07:54
Thank you.
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κ°μ‚¬ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:55
(Applause)
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(λ°•μˆ˜)
07:57
Thanks.
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κ°μ‚¬ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
이 μ›Ήμ‚¬μ΄νŠΈ 정보

이 μ‚¬μ΄νŠΈλŠ” μ˜μ–΄ ν•™μŠ΅μ— μœ μš©ν•œ YouTube λ™μ˜μƒμ„ μ†Œκ°œν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ „ 세계 졜고의 μ„ μƒλ‹˜λ“€μ΄ κ°€λ₯΄μΉ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μˆ˜μ—…μ„ 보게 될 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 각 λ™μ˜μƒ νŽ˜μ΄μ§€μ— ν‘œμ‹œλ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μžλ§‰μ„ 더블 ν΄λ¦­ν•˜λ©΄ κ·Έκ³³μ—μ„œ λ™μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. λΉ„λ””μ˜€ μž¬μƒμ— 맞좰 μžλ§‰μ΄ μŠ€ν¬λ‘€λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ˜κ²¬μ΄λ‚˜ μš”μ²­μ΄ μžˆλŠ” 경우 이 문의 양식을 μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬ λ¬Έμ˜ν•˜μ‹­μ‹œμ˜€.

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