How germs travel on planes -- and how we can stop them | Raymond Wang

Translator: Simon Djernæs Reviewer: Jette Derriche

Can I get a show of hands --

Må jeg få en håndsoprækning,

how many of you in this room have been on a plane in this past year?

hvor mange af jer, i dette rum, har været på et fly i det seneste år?

That's pretty good.

Det er udemærket.

Well, it turns out that you share that experience

Det viser sig, at I deler den oplevelse

with more than three billion people every year.

med flere end tre milliarder mennesker hvert år.

And when we put so many people in all these metal tubes

Og når vi sætter så mange mennesker ind i alle de metal rør

that fly all over the world,

som flyver overalt i verden,

sometimes, things like this can happen

kan ting som dette forekomme

and you get a disease epidemic.

og vi får en sygdoms epidemi.

I first actually got into this topic

Jeg kom først rigtigt ind i dette emne

when I heard about the Ebola outbreak last year.

da jeg hørte om ebolaens udbrud sidste år.

And it turns out that,

Og det viser sig,

although Ebola spreads through these more range-limited,

at selvom ebola spreder sig gennem dråber

large-droplet routes,

indenfor en begrænset afstand,

there's all these other sorts of diseases

er der mange andre typer sygdomme

that can be spread in the airplane cabin.

der kan spredes i et flys kabine.

The worst part is, when we take a look at some of the numbers,

Det værste er, når vi ser på nogle af tallene,

it's pretty scary.

det er temmelig skræmmende.

So with H1N1,

Med H1N1, (svineinfluenza),

there was this guy that decided to go on the plane

var der en mand der valgte at rejse med fly

and in the matter of a single flight

og i løbet af denne ene flyvning

actually spread the disease to 17 other people.

spredte sygdommen sig til 17 andre mennesker.

And then there was this other guy with SARS,

Og så var der fyren med SARS,

who managed to go on a three-hour flight

som under en 3-timers flyvning

and spread the disease to 22 other people.

spredte sygdommen til 22 andre.

That's not exactly my idea of a great superpower.

Det er ikke just min ide om et stort talent.

When we take a look at this, what we also find

Når kigger på dette, finder vi også ud af

is that it's very difficult to pre-screen for these diseases.

at det faktisk er ret svært, at spore disse sygdomme.

So when someone actually goes on a plane,

Så når nogen stiger på et fly,

they could be sick

kan de være syge

and they could actually be in this latency period

og de kunne faktisk være i den latens periode

in which they could actually have the disease

hvor de har sygdommen

but not exhibit any symptoms,

men ikke viser nogen symptoner,

and they could, in turn, spread the disease

og de kan sprede sygdommen

to many other people in the cabin.

til mange andre i flyet.

How that actually works is that right now

I øjeblikket fungerer det således at,

we've got air coming in from the top of the cabin

luften kommer ind øverst i kabinen

and from the side of the cabin, as you see in blue.

og fra siden af kabinen, som du kan se med blåt.

And then also, that air goes out through these very efficient filters

Luften ledes ud gennem disse meget effektive filtre,

that eliminate 99.97 percent of pathogens near the outlets.

som eliminerer 99,97 procent af patogenerne, nær udsugene .

What happens right now, though,

Det der sker nu, er dog

is that we have this mixing airflow pattern.

at luften blandes.

So if someone were to actually sneeze,

Dvs. hvis nogen nyser,

that air would get swirled around multiple times

bliver luften hvirvlet rundt flere gange

before it even has a chance to go out through the filter.

inden det passerer gennem et filter.

So I thought: clearly, this is a pretty serious problem.

Jeg tænkte: "Der er et helt indlysende alvorligt problem her.

I didn't have the money to go out and buy a plane,

Jeg havde ikke pengene til at købe et fly,

so I decided to build a computer instead.

og valgte istedet at bygge en computer.

It actually turns out that with computational fluid dynamics,

Det viste sig, at ved beregning af væskers bevægelse,

what we're able to do is create these simulations

kan vi skabe simulationer

that give us higher resolutions

der giver os mere nøjagtige resultater

than actually physically going in and taking readings in the plane.

end de vi kan få ved fysisk at foretage aflæsninger i flyet.

And so how, essentially, this works is you would start out

Det virker helt basalt ved at vi starter

with these 2D drawings --

med 2D tegninger --

these are floating around in technical papers around the Internet.

som man kan i tekniske dokumenter overalt på Internettet.

I take that and then I put it into this 3D-modeling software,

Dem lægger jeg ind i et 3D-modellerings program,

really building that 3D model.

og bygger 3D-modeller.

And then I divide that model that I just built into these tiny pieces,

Derefter deler jeg modellen i meget små dele,

essentially meshing it so that the computer can better understand it.

som computeren bedre kan forstå.

And then I tell the computer where the air goes in and out of the cabin,

Jeg fortæller den herefter, hvor luften kommer ind og ud af kabinen,

throw in a bunch of physics

tilføjer lidt fysik

and basically sit there and wait until the computer calculates the simulation.

og venter så mens computeren beregner simulationen.

So what we get, actually, with the conventional cabin is this:

Resultatet vi får i med en almindelig kabine er:

you'll notice the middle person sneezing,

Bemærk personen i midten der nyser,

and we go "Splat!" -- it goes right into people's faces.

og så "Splat!" - direkte ind i folks ansigter.

It's pretty disgusting.

Det er temmelig ulækkert.

From the front, you'll notice those two passengers

Set forfra har vi disse to passagerer

sitting next to the central passenger

ved siden af ham i midten,

not exactly having a great time.

der ikke har det særlig sjovt.

And when we take a look at that from the side,

Og når vi ser det fra siden,

you'll also notice those pathogens spreading across the length of the cabin.

vil du også bemærke patogenerne der spredes igennem kabinen.

The first thing I thought was, "This is no good."

Det første jeg tænkte var: "Det her er ikke godt."

So I actually conducted more than 32 different simulations

Og så gennemførte jeg over 32 forskellige simulationer

and ultimately, I came up with this solution right here.

og til sidst kom jeg frem til denne løsning.

This is what I call a -- patent pending -- Global Inlet Director.

Det er hvad jeg kalder - patent afventer - Global Inlet Director.

With this, we're able to reduce pathogen transmission

Nu kan vi reducere overførelsen af patogener

by about 55 times,

ca 55 gange,

and increase fresh-air inhalation by about 190 percent.

og forøge indånding af frisk luft med cirka 190 procent.

So how this actually works

Det fungerer ved

is we would install this piece of composite material

at vi installerer et sammensat materiale

into these existing spots that are already in the plane.

eksisterende steder i flyet.

So it's very cost-effective to install

Det er derfor billigt at installere

and we can do this directly overnight.

og kan udføres på en enkelt dag.

All we have to do is put a couple of screws in there and you're good to go.

Der skal blot isættes et par skruer, og så er den klar igen.

And the results that we get are absolutely amazing.

Og resultaterne heraf, er fuldstændig fantastiske.

Instead of having those problematic swirling airflow patterns,

Istedet for at have de problematiske, hvirvlende luftmønstre,

we can create these walls of air

så kan vi lave vægge af luft

that come down in-between the passengers

som kommer ned mellem passagerene

to create personalized breathing zones.

og laver personlige åndezoner.

So you'll notice the middle passenger here is sneezing again,

Her ser vi igen passagereren i midten der nyser,

but this time, we're able to effectively push that down

men denne gang kan vi effektivt presse det ned

to the filters for elimination.

og eliminere det i filtrene.

And same thing from the side,

Og det samme fra siden,

you'll notice we're able to directly push those pathogens down.

hvor vi direkte kan skubbe patogenerne ned.

So if you take a look again now at the same scenario

Når vi ser samme scenarie igen,

but with this innovation installed,

men den nye opfindelse installeret,

you'll notice the middle passenger sneezes,

ser du passageren i midten nyse,

and this time, we're pushing that straight down into the outlet

og denne gang presser vi det direkte ned i udsugningen

before it gets a chance to infect any other people.

før det smitter andre personer.

So you'll notice the two passengers sitting next to the middle guy

De to passagerer ved siden af ham i midten

are breathing virtually no pathogens at all.

indånder stort set ingen patogener.

Take a look at that from the side as well,

Se det også fra siden,

you see a very efficient system.

det er et meget effektivt system.

And in short, with this system, we win.

Kort fortalt: Med dette system vinder vi.

When we take a look at what this means,

Dette betyder ikke kun

what we see is that this not only works if the middle passenger sneezes,

at det virker når personen i midten nyser,

but also if the window-seat passenger sneezes

men også når personen ved vinduet nyser,

or if the aisle-seat passenger sneezes.

eller hvis personen ved gangen nyser.

And so with this solution, what does this mean for the world?

Hvad betyder dette for verden?

Well, when we take a look at this

Når vi overfører det

from the computer simulation into real life,

fra computer simulation til det virkelige liv

we can see with this 3D model that I built over here,

kan vi med 3D modellen,

essentially using 3D printing,

og et 3D print,

we can see those same airflow patterns coming down,

se at luftens mønster er nedadgående

right to the passengers.

direkte til passagererne.

In the past, the SARS epidemic actually cost the world

Førhen kostede SARS epidemien verden

about 40 billion dollars.

ca 40 milliarder dollars.

And in the future,

Og i fremtiden,

a big disease outbreak could actually cost the world

kunne et stort sygdomsudbrud koste kloden

in excess of three trillion dollars.

mere end 3 billioner dollars.

So before, it used to be that you had to take an airplane out of service

Tidligere måtte man tage et fly ud af drift

for one to two months,

i en til to måneder

spend tens of thousands of man hours and several million dollars

bruge flere tusinde mandetimer og flere millioner dollars

to try to change something.

for at ændre noget.

But now, we're able to install something essentially overnight

Men nu kan vi installere fra dag til dag

and see results right away.

og se resultater med det samme.

So it's really now a matter of taking this through to certification,

Så nu er det bare et spørgsmål om at få dette certificeret,

flight testing,

testfløjet,

and going through all of these regulatory approvals processes.

og igennem alle de lovgivningsmæssige godkendelser.

But it just really goes to show that sometimes the best solutions

Men det viser bare at nogle af de bedste løsninger

are the simplest solutions.

er de mest simple.

And two years ago, even,

For bare to år siden,

this project would not have happened,

ville dette projekt ikke være sket,

just because the technology then wouldn't have supported it.

fordi vi ikke havde den nødvendige teknologi.

But now with advanced computing

Men med avancerede computere

and how developed our Internet is,

og et Internet i udvikling,

it's really the golden era for innovation.

har vi nu en gylden æra for innovation.

And so the question I ask all of you today is: why wait?

Og spørgsmålet jeg stiller Jer alle i dag er: "Hvorfor vente?"

Together, we can build the future today.

Sammen kan vi bygge fremtiden idag.

Thanks.

Tak.

(Applause)

(Bifald)