Architectural secrets of the world's ancient wonders | Brandon Clifford

124,988 views ใƒป 2019-07-19

TED


ูŠุฑุฌู‰ ุงู„ู†ู‚ุฑ ู†ู‚ุฑู‹ุง ู…ุฒุฏูˆุฌู‹ุง ููˆู‚ ุงู„ุชุฑุฌู…ุฉ ุงู„ุฅู†ุฌู„ูŠุฒูŠุฉ ุฃุฏู†ุงู‡ ู„ุชุดุบูŠู„ ุงู„ููŠุฏูŠูˆ.

ุงู„ู…ุชุฑุฌู…: Taher Koja ุงู„ู…ุฏู‚ู‘ู‚: Riyad Almubarak
00:12
Do you think the things we build today
0
12917
2726
ุฃุชุนุชู‚ุฏูˆู† ุฃู† ุงู„ุฃุดูŠุงุก ุงู„ุชูŠ ู†ุจู†ูŠู‡ุง ุงู„ูŠูˆู…ุŸ
00:15
will be considered wonders in the future?
1
15667
2166
ุณุชูุนูŽุฏู‘ ุนุฌุงุฆุจ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุณุชู‚ุจู„ุŸ
00:19
Think of Stonehenge,
2
19042
1642
ู…ุซู„ ุณุชูˆู†ู‡ู†ุฌ (ู†ูุตุจ ู‚ุฏูŠู… ููŠ ูˆู„ุดุณุชุฑ)
00:20
the Pyramids,
3
20708
1518
ูˆุงู„ุฃู‡ุฑุงู…ุงุชุŒ
00:22
Machu Picchu and Easter Island.
4
22250
2667
ู…ุงุดูˆ ุจูŠุชุดูˆ (ุชุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ู…ุฏูŠู†ุฉ ุงู„ู‚ุฏูŠู…ุฉ) ูˆุฌุฒูŠุฑุฉ ุงู„ู‚ูŠุงู…ุฉ.
00:26
Now, they're all pretty different from what we're doing today,
5
26167
2916
ุฌู…ูŠุน ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ุนุงู„ู… ู…ูุฎุชู„ูุฉ ุฌุฏุงู‹ ุนู† ู…ุง ู†ุจู†ูŠู‡ ุงู„ูŠูˆู…ุŒ
00:30
with those massive stones,
6
30333
2435
ูุชู„ูƒ ุงู„ุญุฌุงุฑ ุงู„ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉุŒ (ุณุชูˆู†ู‡ู†ุฌ)
00:32
assembled in complex but seemingly illogical ways,
7
32792
4125
ู…ูุฌู‘ู…ุนุฉ ุจุทุฑู‚ ู…ุนู‚ุฏุฉ ูˆู„ูƒู† ู…ุฎุงู„ูุฉ ู„ู„ู…ู†ุทู‚ุŒ
00:38
and all traces of their construction
8
38292
3642
ูˆุฌู…ูŠุน ุขุซุงุฑ ุจู†ุงุฆู‡ุง
00:41
erased,
9
41958
1643
ุชู„ุงุดุชุŒ
00:43
shrouding them in mystery.
10
43625
2042
ูˆุชู… ุชูƒููŠู†ู‡ุง ูู‰ ุงู„ุบู…ูˆุถ.
00:47
It seems like people could not have possibly built these things,
11
47417
3708
ูˆูŠุจุฏูˆ ุฃู† ุงู„ุฃุดุฎุงุต ู„ู… ูŠู‚ุฏุฑูˆุง ุนู„ู‰ ุจู†ุงุก ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฃุดูŠุงุก,
00:52
because people didn't.
12
52583
1292
ู„ุฃู†ู‡ู… ู„ู… ูŠูุนู„ูˆุง.
00:54
They were carefully crafted by a primordial race of giants
13
54792
4309
ูู‚ุฏ ุตูู†ุนุช ุจุญุฑุต ู…ู† ู‚ุจู„ ุฌู†ุณ ู…ู† ุงู„ุนู…ุงู„ู‚ุฉ ุงู„ุจุฏุงุฆูŠูŠู†ุŒ
00:59
known as Cyclops.
14
59125
1268
ูŠูุฏุนูˆู† ุจุฐูˆูŠ ุงู„ุนูŠู† ุงู„ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ.
01:00
(Laughter)
15
60417
1309
(ุถุญูƒ)
01:01
And I've been collaborating with these monsters
16
61750
2226
ูˆูƒูู†ุช ุฃุชุนุงูˆู† ู…ุน ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ูˆุญูˆุด
01:04
to learn their secrets for moving those massive stones.
17
64000
3250
ู„ุฃุชุนู„ู… ุฃุณุฑุงุฑู‡ู… ู„ุชุญุฑูŠูƒ ุชู„ูƒ ุงู„ุฃุญุฌุงุฑ ุงู„ุถุฎู…ุฉ.
01:08
And as it turns out, Cyclops aren't even that strong.
18
68667
3500
ูˆูƒู…ุง ุชุจูŠู†ุŒ ุฐูˆูŠ ุงู„ุนูŠู† ุงู„ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ู„ูŠุณูˆุง ุฃุณุงุณุงู‹ ุจู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู‚ูˆุฉ.
01:13
They're just really smart about getting material to work for them.
19
73250
3125
ุฅู†ู‡ู… ูู‚ุท ุฃุฐูƒูŠุงุก ุจุชุณุฎูŠุฑ ุงู„ู…ูˆุงุฏ ู„ูƒู‰ ุชุนู…ู„ ู„ุตุงู„ุญู‡ู….
01:19
Now, the videos you see behind me of large, stone-like, wobbly creatures
20
79042
4434
ุงู„ุขู†ุŒ ุงู„ููŠุฏูŠูˆู‡ุงุช ุงู„ู…ุนุฑูˆุถุฉ ุฎู„ููŠ ูˆุงู„ุชูŠ ุชูุธู‡ุฑ ู…ุฎู„ูˆู‚ุงุชู ุนู…ู„ุงู‚ุฉ ู…ุชุฐุจุฐุจู‡ ูˆุดุจูŠู‡ุฉ ุจุงู„ุญุฌุงุฑุฉ
01:23
are the results of this collaboration.
21
83500
1833
ู‡ูŠ ู†ุชุงุฌ ุงู„ุชุนุงูˆู† ู…ุน ุชู„ูƒ ุงู„ูˆุญูˆุด.
01:26
OK, so Cyclops might be a mythical creature,
22
86875
2917
ุญุณู†ู‹ุงุŒ ู‚ุฏ ูŠูƒูˆู† ุงู„ุนู…ู„ุงู‚ ุฐูˆ ุงู„ุนูŠู† ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ู…ุฎู„ูˆู‚ู‹ุง ุงุณุทูˆุฑูŠุงู‹,
01:30
but those wonders are still real.
23
90917
2851
ูˆู„ูƒู† ุชู„ูƒ ุงู„ู…ุนุงู„ู… ู„ุง ุชุฒุงู„ ุญู‚ูŠู‚ูŠุฉ.
01:33
People made them.
24
93792
1250
ุตู†ุนู‡ุง ุฃุดุฎุงุต.
01:35
But they also made the myths that surround them,
25
95917
2583
ูˆู„ูƒู†ู‡ู… ุตู†ุนูˆุง ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง ุงู„ุฃุณุงุทูŠุฑ ุงู„ู…ุญูŠุทุฉ ุจู‡ุงุŒ
01:39
and when it comes to wonders, there's this thick connective tissue
26
99667
3809
ูˆุนู†ุฏู…ุง ูŠุชุนู„ู‚ ุงู„ุฃู…ุฑ ุจุงู„ุญุฏูŠุซ ุนู† ุงู„ุนุฌุงุฆุจ ู‡ู†ุงู„ูƒ ู†ุณูŠุฌ ุฑุงุจุท ุถุฎู…
01:43
between mythology and reality.
27
103500
2458
ุจูŠู† ุงู„ุญู‚ูŠู‚ุฉ ูˆุงู„ุฎุฑุงูุฉ.
01:47
Take Easter Island, for example.
28
107083
1667
ุงู†ุธุฑูˆุง ุฅู„ู‰ ุฌุฒูŠุฑุฉ ุงู„ู‚ูŠุงู…ุฉุŒ ูƒู…ุซุงู„.
01:49
When the Dutch explorers first encountered the island,
29
109958
3143
ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ุฅูƒุชุดู ุงู„ุฑุญุงู„ุฉ ุงู„ุฃู„ู…ุงู† ุชู„ูƒ ุงู„ุฌุฒูŠุฑุฉ ู„ุฃูˆู„ ู…ุฑู‡,
01:53
they asked the people of Rapa Nui
30
113125
2018
ุณุฆู„ ุณูƒุงู† ุฑุงุจุง ู†ูˆูŠ
01:55
how their ancestors could have possibly moved those massive statues.
31
115167
3416
ูƒูŠู ูŠู…ูƒู† ุฃู† ูŠูƒูˆู† ู„ุฃุณู„ุงูู‡ู… ุชุญุฑูŠูƒ ุชู„ูƒ ุงู„ุชู…ุงุซูŠู„ ุงู„ุถุฎู…ุฉ.
01:59
And the Rapa Nui said,
32
119833
1976
ูˆู‚ุงู„ ุณูƒุงู† ุฑุงุจุง ู†ูˆูŠ,
02:01
"Our ancestors didn't move the statues,
33
121833
3643
"ู„ู… ูŠุญุฑูƒ ุฃุณู„ุงูู†ุง ุชู„ูƒ ุงู„ุชู…ุงุซูŠู„ุŒ
02:05
because the statues walked themselves."
34
125500
2125
ู„ุฃู† ุงู„ุชู…ุงุซูŠู„ ุชูŽุญู‘ุฑูƒุช ุจู†ูุณู‡ุง."
02:09
For centuries, this was dismissed, but actually it's true.
35
129500
2750
ูˆู„ุนุฏุฉ ู‚ุฑูˆู†ุŒ ุฑููุถุช ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฎุฑุงูุฉุŒ ูˆู„ูƒู†ู‡ุง ู‚ูŠ ุงู„ูˆุงู‚ุน ุญู‚ูŠู‚ุฉ.
02:13
The statues, known as moai, were transported standing,
36
133083
5393
ูุงู„ุชู…ุงุซูŠู„ุŒ ูˆุงู„ุชูŠ ุชุฏุนู‰ ู…ูˆุงูŠุŒ ู†ูู‚ู„ุช ู…ูู†ุชุตุจุฉุŒ
02:18
pivoting from side to side.
37
138500
1958
ูˆู‡ูŠ ุชุชู…ุญูˆุฑ ู…ู† ุฌุงู†ุจ ู„ุขุฎุฑ.
02:21
OK?
38
141750
1268
ุญุณู†ุงู‹ุŸ
02:23
As spectacular as the moai are for visitors today,
39
143042
3934
ูˆุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฑุบู… ู…ู† ุฅุฏู‡ุงุดู‡ุง ู„ู„ุฒูˆุงุฑ ุงู„ูŠูˆู…ุŒ
02:27
you have to imagine being there then,
40
147000
2518
ุนู„ูŠูƒู… ุชุฎูŠู„ ุงู„ุนูŠุด ููŠ ุฐู„ูƒ ุงู„ูˆู‚ุชุŒ
02:29
with colossal moai marching around the island.
41
149542
3392
ู…ุน ุชู…ุงุซูŠู„ ุงู„ู…ูˆุงูŠ ุงู„ุนู…ู„ุงู‚ุฉ ูˆู‡ูŠ ุชูŽุฎู‘ุทูˆุง ุญูˆู„ ุงู„ุฌุฒูŠุฑุฉ.
02:32
Because the real memorial was not the objects themselves,
42
152958
5185
ู„ุฃู† ุงู„ุฐูƒุฑู‰ ุงู„ุญู‚ูŠู‚ูŠุฉ ู„ู… ุชูƒู† ุงู„ุชู…ุงุซูŠู„ุŒ
02:38
it was the cultural ritual of bringing a stone to life.
43
158167
3916
ุจู„ ุงู„ุทู‚ูˆุณ ุงู„ุดุนุจูŠุฉ ุงู„ุชูŠ ู…ู†ุญุชู‡ุง ุงู„ุญูŠุงุฉ.
02:43
So as an architect, I've been chasing that dream.
44
163708
2584
ูˆุจุตูุชูŠ ู…ุนู…ุงุฑูŠุŒ ุงู†ุง ุฃูู„ุงุญู‚ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุญู„ู….
02:47
How can we shift our idea of construction to accommodate that mythical side?
45
167458
4542
ูƒูŠู ูŠูู…ูƒู† ู„ู†ุง ุชุบูŠูŠุฑ ู…ูู‡ูˆู…ู†ุง ู„ู„ุจู†ุงุก ุจุดูƒู„ ูŠูู„ุงุฆู… ุงู„ุฌุงู†ุจ ุงู„ุฃุณุทูˆุฑูŠ ู„ู‡ุŸ
02:53
So what I've been doing is challenging myself
46
173583
2143
ูˆุงู„ุฐูŠ ูƒู†ุช ุฃูุนู„ู‡ ู‡ูˆ ุชุญุฏูŠ ู†ูุณูŠ
02:55
with putting on a series of performances
47
175750
3101
ุจุชุตู…ูŠู… ุณู„ุณุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ุนุฑูˆุถ
02:58
of the ancient but pretty straightforward task
48
178875
2601
ุงู„ู…ุชุนู„ู‚ุฉ ุจุงู„ู…ู‡ู…ุฉ ุงู„ู‚ุฏูŠู…ุฉ ูˆู„ูƒู† ู…ู‡ู…ุฉ ูˆุงุถุญุฉ ูˆุจุณูŠุทุฉ ุฌุฏุงู‹
03:01
of just moving and standing big heavy objects,
49
181500
4018
ูˆุงู„ุชูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุชุญุฑูŠูƒ ูˆูˆุถุน ุงู„ุฃุดูŠุงุก ุงู„ุถุฎู…ุฉ ุงู„ุซู‚ูŠู„ุฉุŒ
03:05
like this 16-foot-tall megalith designed to walk across land
50
185542
3934
ูƒู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ูŠุบุงู„ูŠุซ ุงู„ุฐูŠ ูŠุจู„ุบ ุทูˆู„ู‡ 16 ู‚ุฏู…ุงู‹ ูˆุงู„ู…ุตู…ู… ู„ู„ู…ุดูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ูŠุงุจุณุฉ
03:09
and stand vertically;
51
189500
1250
ูˆุงู„ูˆู‚ูˆู ุจุดูƒู„ ุนู…ูˆุฏูŠุ›
03:12
or this 4,000-pound behemoth that springs itself to life
52
192000
4393
ุฃูˆ ูƒู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุนู…ู„ุงู‚ ุงู„ุฐูŠ ูŠุฒู† 4,000 ุจุงูˆู†ุฏ ุงู„ุฐูŠ ูŠู†ุจุน ุจู†ูุณู‡ ู„ู„ุญูŠุงุฉ
03:16
to dance onstage.
53
196417
1583
ู„ู„ุฑู‚ุต ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ู†ุตุฉ.
03:19
And what I've found is that by thinking of architecture
54
199792
3351
ูˆุงู„ุฐูŠ ุงูƒุชุดูุชู‡ ู‡ูˆ ุฃู† ุงู„ุชููƒูŠุฑ ุจุงู„ุนู…ุงุฑุฉ
03:23
not as an end product but as a performance
55
203167
3559
ู„ูŠุณุช ู†ุชุงุฌู‹ ู†ู‡ุงุฆูŠ ูˆู„ูƒู† ูƒุฃุฏุงุก
03:26
from conception to completion,
56
206750
3351
ู…ู† ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ ุงู„ุชุตูˆุฑ ูˆุญุชู‰ ุงู„ุงู†ุชู‡ุงุก ูˆุงู„ุงูƒุชู…ุงู„ุŒ
03:30
we end up rediscovering some really smart ways to build things today.
57
210125
3500
ูˆูู‰ ู†ู‡ุงูŠุฉ ุงู„ู…ุทุงู ุฃุนุฏู†ุง ุงูƒุชุดุงู ุจุนุถ ุงู„ุทุฑู‚ ุงู„ุฐูƒูŠุฉ ู„ุจู†ุงุก ุงู„ุฃุดูŠุงุก ุงู„ูŠูˆู….
03:35
You know, so much of the discussion surrounding our future
58
215375
2768
ุฃุชุนู„ู…ูˆู†ุŒ ุงู„ูƒุซูŠุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ู†ู‚ุงุด ุงู„ู…ุญูŠุท ุจู…ุณุชู‚ุจู„ู†ุง
03:38
focuses on technology, efficiency and speed.
59
218167
3976
ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุชู‚ู†ูŠุฉ ูˆุงู„ูุนุงู„ูŠุฉ ูˆุงู„ุณุฑุนุฉ.
03:42
But if I've learned anything from Cyclops,
60
222167
2059
ูˆู„ูƒู† ุฅู† ูƒู†ุช ู‚ุฏ ุชุนู„ู…ุช ุฃูŠ ุดูŠุก ู…ู† ุงู„ุนู…ุงู„ู‚ุฉุŒ
03:44
it's that wonders can be smart, spectacular
61
224250
4518
ูู‡ูˆ ุฃู† ุงู„ุนุฌุงุฆุจ ุงู„ู…ุนู…ุงุฑูŠุฉ ูŠูู…ูƒู† ุฃู† ุชูƒูˆู† ู…ุฏู‡ุดุฉ ูˆู…ุตู…ู…ุฉ ุจุฐูƒุงุก
03:48
and sustainable --
62
228792
1684
ูˆุฏุงุฆู…ุฉ...
03:50
because of their mass and their mystery.
63
230500
2167
ูˆุฐู„ูƒ ูŠุฑุฌุน ู„ุญุฌู…ู‡ู… ูˆุบู…ูˆุถู‡ู….
03:54
And while people still want to know how those ancient wonders were built,
64
234000
3809
ูˆุจุงู„ุฑุบู… ู…ู† ุฃู† ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ู„ุง ูŠุฒุงู„ูˆู† ุฑุงุบุจูŠู† ุจู…ุนุฑูุฉ ูƒูŠู ุจู†ูŠุช ุชู„ูƒ ุงู„ุฃุณุงุทูŠุฑุŒ
03:57
I've been asking Cyclops how to create the mystery
65
237833
2810
ูƒู†ุช ุฃุทู„ุจ ู…ู† ุงู„ุนู…ุงู„ู‚ุฉ ู…ุนุฑูุฉ ูƒูŠููŠุฉ ุฎูŽู„ู‚ู ุฐู„ูƒ ุงู„ุบู…ูˆุถ
04:00
that compels people to ask that very question.
66
240667
2458
ุงู„ุฐูŠ ูŠู‚ูˆุฏ ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ุฅู„ู‰ ุทุฑุญ ุงู„ุณุคุงู„ ุงู„ุณุงุจู‚.
04:04
Because in an era where we design buildings
67
244375
2059
ูููŠ ุนุตุฑู ูุชุตู…ู… ููŠู‡ ุงู„ุฃุจู†ูŠุฉ
04:06
to last 30, maybe 60 years,
68
246458
2584
ู„ู„ุตู…ูˆุฏ ู„ู…ุฏุฉ 30ุŒ ูˆุฑูŠู…ุง 60 ุณู†ุฉ.
04:09
I would love to learn how to create something
69
249875
2643
ุฃุญุจ ุฃู† ุฃุชุนู„ู… ูƒูŠููŠุฉ ุจู†ุงุก ุดูŠุก ู…ุง
04:12
that could entertain for an eternity.
70
252542
1762
ู‚ุฏ ูŠุตู…ุฏ ู„ู„ุฃุจุฏ.
04:15
Thank you.
71
255083
1268
ุดูƒุฑู‹ุง ู„ูƒู….
04:16
(Applause)
72
256375
4792
(ุชูŽุตููŠู‚)
ุญูˆู„ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ูˆู‚ุน

ุณูŠู‚ุฏู… ู„ูƒ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ูˆู‚ุน ู…ู‚ุงุทุน ููŠุฏูŠูˆ YouTube ุงู„ู…ููŠุฏุฉ ู„ุชุนู„ู… ุงู„ู„ุบุฉ ุงู„ุฅู†ุฌู„ูŠุฒูŠุฉ. ุณุชุฑู‰ ุฏุฑูˆุณ ุงู„ู„ุบุฉ ุงู„ุฅู†ุฌู„ูŠุฒูŠุฉ ุงู„ุชูŠ ูŠุชู… ุชุฏุฑูŠุณู‡ุง ู…ู† ู‚ุจู„ ู…ุฏุฑุณูŠู† ู…ู† ุงู„ุฏุฑุฌุฉ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ู‰ ู…ู† ุฌู…ูŠุน ุฃู†ุญุงุก ุงู„ุนุงู„ู…. ุงู†ู‚ุฑ ู†ู‚ุฑู‹ุง ู…ุฒุฏูˆุฌู‹ุง ููˆู‚ ุงู„ุชุฑุฌู…ุฉ ุงู„ุฅู†ุฌู„ูŠุฒูŠุฉ ุงู„ู…ุนุฑูˆุถุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ูƒู„ ุตูุญุฉ ููŠุฏูŠูˆ ู„ุชุดุบูŠู„ ุงู„ููŠุฏูŠูˆ ู…ู† ู‡ู†ุงูƒ. ูŠุชู… ุชู…ุฑูŠุฑ ุงู„ุชุฑุฌู…ุงุช ุจุงู„ุชุฒุงู…ู† ู…ุน ุชุดุบูŠู„ ุงู„ููŠุฏูŠูˆ. ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ู„ุฏูŠูƒ ุฃูŠ ุชุนู„ูŠู‚ุงุช ุฃูˆ ุทู„ุจุงุช ุŒ ูŠุฑุฌู‰ ุงู„ุงุชุตุงู„ ุจู†ุง ุจุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู… ู†ู…ูˆุฐุฌ ุงู„ุงุชุตุงู„ ู‡ุฐุง.

https://forms.gle/WvT1wiN1qDtmnspy7