Architectural secrets of the world's ancient wonders | Brandon Clifford

124,288 views ใƒป 2019-07-19

TED


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

ืชืจื’ื•ื: Zeeva Livshitz ืขืจื™ื›ื”: Yael Ring
00:12
Do you think the things we build today
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ื”ืื ืืชื ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืฉื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื‘ื•ื ื™ื ื”ื™ื•ื
00:15
will be considered wonders in the future?
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ื™ื™ื—ืฉื‘ื• ืœืคืœืื™ื ื‘ืขืชื™ื“?
00:19
Think of Stonehenge,
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ื—ื™ืฉื‘ื• ืขืœ ืกื˜ื•ื ื”ื ื’',
00:20
the Pyramids,
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ื”ืคื™ืจืžื™ื“ื•ืช,
00:22
Machu Picchu and Easter Island.
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ืžืืฆ'ื• ืคื™ืฆ'ื• ื•ืื™ ื”ืคืกื—ื.
00:26
Now, they're all pretty different from what we're doing today,
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ื”ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื ืœื’ืžืจื™ ืžืžื” ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืขื•ืฉื™ื ื”ื™ื•ื,
00:30
with those massive stones,
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ืขื ื”ืื‘ื ื™ื ื”ืžืกื™ื‘ื™ื•ืช ืืœื•,
00:32
assembled in complex but seemingly illogical ways,
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ืฉื ื‘ื ื• ื‘ื“ืจื›ื™ื ืžืกื•ื‘ื›ื•ืช ืืš ืœื›ืื•ืจื” ื‘ืœืชื™ ื”ื’ื™ื•ื ื™ื•ืช,
00:38
and all traces of their construction
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ื•ื›ืœ ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ื”ื‘ื ื™ื™ื” ืฉืœื”ืŸ
00:41
erased,
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ืขืœื•ืžื™ื,
00:43
shrouding them in mystery.
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ื”ืขื•ื˜ืคื™ื ืื•ืชืŸ ื‘ืžืกืชื•ืจื™ืŸ.
00:47
It seems like people could not have possibly built these things,
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ื ื“ืžื” ืฉืื ืฉื™ื ืœื ื™ื›ืœื• ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ืืช ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืืœื”,
00:52
because people didn't.
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ื›ื™ ืื ืฉื™ื ืœื ืขืฉื• ื–ืืช.
00:54
They were carefully crafted by a primordial race of giants
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ื”ื ื ื‘ื ื• ื‘ืงืคื™ื“ื” ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื’ื–ืข ืขื ืงื™ื ืงื“ืžื•ื ื™
00:59
known as Cyclops.
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ื”ืžื•ื›ืจ ื‘ืฉื ืงื™ืงืœื•ืคื™ื
01:00
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง}
01:01
And I've been collaborating with these monsters
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ื•ืื ื™ ืฉื™ืชืคืชื™ ืคืขื•ืœื” ืขื ื”ืžืคืœืฆื•ืช ื”ืืœื”
01:04
to learn their secrets for moving those massive stones.
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœืœืžื•ื“ ืืช ืกื•ื“ื•ืชื™ื”ื ืœืฉื™ื ื•ืข ื”ืื‘ื ื™ื ื”ืื“ื™ืจื•ืช.
01:08
And as it turns out, Cyclops aren't even that strong.
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ื•ื›ืคื™ ืฉืžืชื‘ืจืจ, ืงื™ืงืœื•ืคื™ื ื”ื ืืคื™ืœื• ืœื ื›ืืœื” ื—ื–ืงื™ื.
01:13
They're just really smart about getting material to work for them.
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ื”ื ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืžืžืฉ ื—ื›ืžื™ื ื•ื™ื“ืขื• ืื™ืš ืœื’ืจื•ื ืœื—ื•ืžืจ ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœื.
01:19
Now, the videos you see behind me of large, stone-like, wobbly creatures
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ืงื˜ืขื™ ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื• ืฉืืชื ืจื•ืื™ื ืžืื—ื•ืจื™ื™ ืฉืœ ื™ืฆื•ืจื™ื ื“ืžื•ื™ื™ ืื‘ืŸ ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื, ืžืชื ื•ื“ื“ื™ื,
01:23
are the results of this collaboration.
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ื”ื ื”ืชื•ืฆืื•ืช ืฉืœ ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ืคืขื•ืœื” ื–ื”.
01:26
OK, so Cyclops might be a mythical creature,
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ื‘ืกื“ืจ, ืื– ืงื™ืงืœื•ืคื™ื ื”ื ืื•ืœื™ ื™ืฆื•ืจื™ื ืžื™ืชื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื™ื,
01:30
but those wonders are still real.
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ืคืœืื™ื ื”ืืœื” ื”ื ื‘ื›ืœ ื–ืืช ืืžื™ืชื™ื™ื.
01:33
People made them.
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ืื ืฉื™ื ื‘ื ื• ืื•ืชื.
01:35
But they also made the myths that surround them,
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื ื’ื ื‘ื ื• ืืช ื”ืžื™ืชื•ืกื™ื ืฉืกื•ื‘ื‘ื™ื ืื•ืชื,
01:39
and when it comes to wonders, there's this thick connective tissue
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ื•ื›ืฉืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืคืœืื™ื, ื™ืฉ ืืช ื”ืจืงืžื” ื”ืžื—ื‘ืจืช ื”ืขื‘ื” ื”ื–ื•
01:43
between mythology and reality.
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ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžื™ืชื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ืœืžืฆื™ืื•ืช.
01:47
Take Easter Island, for example.
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ืงื—ื• ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื” ืืช ืื™ ื”ืคืกื—ื,
01:49
When the Dutch explorers first encountered the island,
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ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ื—ื•ืงืจื™ื ื”ื”ื•ืœื ื“ื™ื ื ืชืงืœื• ื‘ืื™ ืœืจืืฉื•ื ื”,
01:53
they asked the people of Rapa Nui
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ื”ื ืฉืืœื• ืืช ืื ืฉื™ ื”ืจืืคื” ื ื•ืื™
01:55
how their ancestors could have possibly moved those massive statues.
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ืื™ืš ื™ื›ืœื• ืื‘ื•ืชื™ื”ื ืœื”ื–ื™ื– ืืช ืื•ืชื ืคืกืœื™ื ืžืกื™ื‘ื™ื™ื.
01:59
And the Rapa Nui said,
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ื•ืื ืฉื™ ื”ืจืืคื” ื ื•ืื™ ืืžืจื•,
02:01
"Our ancestors didn't move the statues,
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"ืื‘ื•ืชื™ื ื• ืœื ื”ื–ื™ื–ื• ืืช ื”ืคืกืœื™ื,
02:05
because the statues walked themselves."
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ื›ื™ ื”ืคืกืœื™ื ื”ืœื›ื• ื‘ืขืฆืžื".
02:09
For centuries, this was dismissed, but actually it's true.
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ื‘ืžืฉืš ืžืื•ืช ืฉื ื™ื, ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ื–ื” ื ื“ื—ื”, ืื‘ืœ ืœืžืขืฉื” ื–ื” ื ื›ื•ืŸ.
02:13
The statues, known as moai, were transported standing,
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ื”ืคืกืœื™ื, ื”ืžื›ื•ื ื™ื "ืžื•ืื™ื™" ื”ื•ืขื‘ืจื• ื‘ืขืžื™ื“ื”,
02:18
pivoting from side to side.
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ื›ืฉื”ื ืžืชื ื•ืขืขื™ื ืžืฆื“ ืœืฆื“.
02:21
OK?
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ื‘ืกื“ืจ?
02:23
As spectacular as the moai are for visitors today,
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ื›ืžื” ืฉื”"ืžื•ืื™ื™" ื ืจืื™ื ืžืจื”ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœืžื‘ืงืจื™ื ื”ื™ื•ื,
02:27
you have to imagine being there then,
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ืขืœื™ื›ื ืœื“ืžื™ื™ืŸ ืืช ืขืฆืžื›ื ืฉื,
02:29
with colossal moai marching around the island.
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ื›ืฉ"ืžื•ืื™ื™" ืขื ืงื™ื™ื ืฆื•ืขื“ื™ื ื‘ืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืื™.
02:32
Because the real memorial was not the objects themselves,
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ื›ื™ ื”ื–ื™ื›ืจื•ืŸ ื”ืืžื™ืชื™ ืœื ื”ื™ื• ื”ืื•ื‘ื™ื™ืงื˜ื™ื ืขืฆืžื,
02:38
it was the cultural ritual of bringing a stone to life.
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ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ื”ืคื•ืœื—ืŸ ื”ืชืจื‘ื•ืชื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืคื—ืช ืจื•ื— ื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ืื‘ืŸ.
02:43
So as an architect, I've been chasing that dream.
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ืื– ื›ืื“ืจื™ื›ืœ, ืจื“ืคืชื™ ืื—ืจื™ ื”ื—ืœื•ื ื”ื–ื”.
02:47
How can we shift our idea of construction to accommodate that mythical side?
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ืื™ืš ื ื•ื›ืœ ืœืฉื ื•ืช ืืช ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื‘ื ื™ื™ื” ืฉืœื ื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืชืื™ื ืœืฆื“ ื”ืžื™ืชื™ ื”ื–ื”?
02:53
So what I've been doing is challenging myself
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ืื– ืžื” ืฉืขืฉื™ืชื™ ื”ื•ื ืœืืชื’ืจ ืืช ืขืฆืžื™
02:55
with putting on a series of performances
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ื•ืœืืจื’ืŸ ืกื“ืจื” ืฉืœ ื”ื•ืคืขื•ืช
02:58
of the ancient but pretty straightforward task
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ืฉืœ ื”ืžืฉื™ืžื” ื”ืขืชื™ืงื” ืื‘ืœ ื“ื™ ืคืฉื•ื˜ื” ืœืžื“ื™
03:01
of just moving and standing big heavy objects,
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ืฉืœ ืคืฉื•ื˜ ื”ืขื‘ืจื” ื•ื”ืขืžื“ื” ืฉืœ ืื•ื‘ื™ื™ืงื˜ื™ื ื›ื‘ื“ื™ื ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื,
03:05
like this 16-foot-tall megalith designed to walk across land
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ื›ืžื• ื”ืื‘ืŸ ื”ืขื ืง ื”ื–ื• ืฉื’ื•ื‘ื”ื” ื›-5 ืž' ืฉืชื•ื›ื ื ื” ืœื”ืœืš ืขืœ ืคื ื™ ื”ืื“ืžื”
03:09
and stand vertically;
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ื•ืœืขืžื•ื“ ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืื ื›ื™ืช;
03:12
or this 4,000-pound behemoth that springs itself to life
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ืื• ื”ื—ื™ื” ื”ืžืคืœืฆืชื™ืช ื”ื–ื• ื‘ืžืฉืงืœ 1800 ืงื™ืœื• ืฉืžืชืขื•ืจืจืช ืœื—ื™ื™ื
03:16
to dance onstage.
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœืจืงื•ื“ ืขืœ ื”ื‘ืžื”.
03:19
And what I've found is that by thinking of architecture
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ื•ืžื” ืฉืžืฆืืชื™ ื”ื•ื ืฉื‘ืขื–ืจืช ืชืคื™ืกืช ื”ืื“ืจื™ื›ืœื•ืช
03:23
not as an end product but as a performance
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ืœื ื›ืขืœ ืžื•ืฆืจ ืกื•ืคื™ ืืœื ื›ืขืœ ื”ื•ืคืขื”
03:26
from conception to completion,
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ืžื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ื•ืขื“ ืœื”ืฉืœืžื”,
03:30
we end up rediscovering some really smart ways to build things today.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืžื’ืœื™ื ืžื—ื“ืฉ ื›ืžื” ื“ืจื›ื™ื ืžืžืฉ ื—ื›ืžื•ืช ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ื™ื•ื.
03:35
You know, so much of the discussion surrounding our future
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ืืชื” ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื, ื›ืœ ื›ืš ื”ืจื‘ื” ืžื”ื“ื™ื•ืŸ ืกื‘ื™ื‘ ื”ืขืชื™ื“ ืฉืœื ื•
03:38
focuses on technology, efficiency and speed.
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ืžืชืžืงื“ ื‘ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื”, ื™ืขื™ืœื•ืช ื•ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช.
03:42
But if I've learned anything from Cyclops,
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ืื‘ืœ ืื ืœืžื“ืชื™ ืžืฉื”ื• ืžื”ืงื™ืงืœื•ืคื™ื,
03:44
it's that wonders can be smart, spectacular
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ื–ื” ืฉืคืœืื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื—ื›ืžื™ื, ืžืจื”ื™ื‘ื™ื
03:48
and sustainable --
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ื•ื‘ืจื™-ืงื™ื™ืžื --
03:50
because of their mass and their mystery.
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ื‘ื’ืœืœ ื”ืžืกื” ื•ื”ืžืกืชื•ืจื™ืŸ ืฉืœื”ื.
03:54
And while people still want to know how those ancient wonders were built,
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ื•ื‘ืขื•ื“ ืื ืฉื™ื ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœื“ืขืช ืื™ืš ื ื‘ื ื• ืื•ืชื ืคืœืื™ื ืขืชื™ืงื™ื,
03:57
I've been asking Cyclops how to create the mystery
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ืฉืืœืชื™ ืืช ื”ืงื™ืงืœื•ืคื™ื ืื™ืš ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืืช ื”ืžืกืชื•ืจื™ืŸ
04:00
that compels people to ask that very question.
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ืฉื’ื•ืจื ืœืื ืฉื™ื ืœืฉืื•ืœ ืืช ื”ืฉืืœื” ื”ื–ืืช ืžืžืฉ.
04:04
Because in an era where we design buildings
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ื›ื™ ื‘ืขื™ื“ืŸ ืฉื‘ื• ืื ื• ืžืขืฆื‘ื™ื ืžื‘ื ื™ื
04:06
to last 30, maybe 60 years,
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ืฉื™ืฉืจื“ื• 30, ืื•ืœื™ 60 ืฉื ื”,
04:09
I would love to learn how to create something
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ืืฉืžื— ืœืœืžื•ื“ ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืžืฉื”ื•
04:12
that could entertain for an eternity.
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ืฉื™ื•ื›ืœ ืœื’ืจื•ื ืขื•ื ื’ ืœื ืฆื—.
04:15
Thank you.
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ืชื•ื“ื”.
04:16
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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