How friendship affects your brain - Shannon Odell

1,255,135 views ・ 2022-09-15

TED-Ed


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翻译人员: Lixin Foo 校对人员: Grace Man
00:07
Friendships can hold an exceptional place in our life stories.
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友谊可以在我们人生之歌里 占据异乎寻常的位置。
00:11
What is it about these connections that make them so unique?
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是什么让这类关系这般独特呢?
00:14
Before we dive into the science, let’s first observe one in action.
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在潜心研究科学方面的解说之前, 我们来现场观看一场友谊吧。
00:20
If I could somehow design a best friend, you know,
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如果我能设法塑造出一位闺蜜的话,
你懂的,将我心目中完美搭档 的所有理想特征融为一体,
00:23
put together all the ideal qualities of my perfect match,
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00:26
that person would pale in comparison to Priya.
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那个人与普里雅(Priya)相比 也一定还是相形见绌。
00:29
She can turn any situation into a good time—
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无论什么样的情况 都能被普里雅转换为欢快的时光——
00:32
chemistry lab, band practice.
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化学实验课、乐队排练——
00:35
What I’m trying to say is I never laugh harder than when I’m with Priya.
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我想说的是,我从没比和普里雅 在一起时笑得更欢快。
00:39
And she’s always there for me.
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而且,她总是陪伴在我身旁。
00:40
Like last year after I got dumped by Te— you know what?
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比如去年 我被泰(Te)甩了后——
00:44
I don’t even want to mention their name.
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算了别提那人渣了。
00:46
It felt like my whole world was crashing down.
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那时我的感觉就像是 整个天都塌了。
00:48
But as soon as I told Priya, boom, she was at my door.
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但我一告诉普里雅, 她立马就出现在我家门口。
00:52
I was a wreck, but she sat there with me and listened.
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我崩溃不已, 她却坐在了我身旁,耐心聆听着。
00:56
We’re always on the same page;
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我们总是同步一致,
00:58
it’s as if we can read each other’s minds!
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仿佛能读懂对方的心思!
01:00
And we can talk for hours— about anything.
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聊天都能天马行空地 聊上好几个小时。
01:03
I know my mom would say she has the phone bills to prove it.
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至少我妈就会把电话费 当作数据来证明这一点。
01:08
If it seems like friendships formed in adolescence are particularly special,
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如果说青春期形成的友谊 看起来特别特殊,
01:12
that’s because they are.
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那是因为确有其实。
01:14
Early childhood, adolescent, and adult friendships
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幼儿时期、青春期与成年人的友谊
01:16
all manifest a little differently
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形成的方式都有小小的不同,
01:18
in part because the brain works in different ways at those stages of life.
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部分源于大脑在人生不同阶段 运转的区别。
01:22
Adolescence is a unique time when peer relationships take focus,
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青春期是个同龄关系 成为焦点的特殊时期,
01:26
and thanks to the developing brain,
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而随着大脑的逐渐发育,
01:28
there are changes in the way you value, understand, and connect to friends.
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我们给予朋友的价值、认知 与连接性在青春期时产生变化。
01:34
Teenage friends can seem attached at the hip.
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青少年时期的朋友或许 会显得形影不离。
01:36
Scientists describe adolescence as a social reorientation
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科学家把青春期比喻为青年们
在重新定位 自己在社会上的位置的阶段。
01:41
as teenagers begin to spend as much or more time
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这个时期的青年,与朋友相处的时间
01:44
with their friends than with their parents.
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开始比和父母共享天伦的光阴 有过之而无不及。
01:46
This drive to hang with pals may be due to changes in the brain’s reward center,
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这种与伙伴相伴的动力 或许源于大脑犒赏系统中心——
01:50
known as the ventral striatum.
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也就是腹侧纹状体的变化。
01:53
Its activation makes hanging out with others enjoyable
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它一旦被激活,就会使与人打交道 变得更为愉悦,
01:56
and motivates you to spend more time with them.
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从而促使你多与他人相处。
01:59
Neuroimaging studies show that this region is highly reactive
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神经影像学的研究显示, 这处大脑区域
02:02
during your teenage years,
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在青年期的反应性非常高。
02:03
which may explain why adolescents seem to place a higher value
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这或许就是青少年似乎比小孩或大人
02:07
on social interactions than children or adults.
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更看重社交的原因。
02:11
Teenage friendships can also feel more intimate
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青年期的友谊也会比 幼儿时期的交情更显亲密。
02:13
than the friendships of your childhood.
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02:15
This deeper connection is possible thanks to improvements
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这层更深的关系可能源于
02:18
in what scientists call Theory of Mind.
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被科学家称为心智理论概念的进步。
02:22
Theory of Mind is the ability to understand others’ emotions,
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心智理论是人们理解其他人
情绪、思绪、动机与视角,
02:26
thoughts, motivations, and points of view,
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02:28
and to realize that they may be different from your own.
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并且认识到这些因人而异的能力。
02:32
While it may seem intuitive,
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这种能力虽然听起来理所当然,
02:33
this ability hinges on the careful coordination of various brain regions,
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却取决于大脑里
组成社交大脑的 各个区域的悉心协调。
02:38
sometimes referred to as the social brain.
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02:41
Babies begin to develop Theory of Mind around 18 months or so.
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心智理论于婴儿 18 个月左右开始发育。
02:46
Before that, it’s thought they believe that everyone perceives and knows
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根据我们所推测, 在那之前,他们相信
02:49
exactly what they know.
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别人所知所感皆与他们自己一致。
02:52
It was once considered to be fully developed by age five,
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我们曾经认为孩子到了五岁 就在这一方面完全发育了,
02:55
but scientists now know that Theory of Mind
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但是科学家现在发现心智理论
02:58
continues to improve and mature well into your teenage years and beyond.
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其实与年龄的增长—— 乃至青春期往后——一并进化成熟。
03:02
Likewise, regions within the social brain show increased connectivity
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同样地,社交大脑里的区域
在青春期时比在幼儿时期 显示的连通性高出许多。
03:06
during adolescence compared with childhood.
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03:08
As a result, teens can better understand their friend’s perspectives,
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由此一来,青年们 能更好地互相了解朋友们的观点,
03:12
allowing for deeper connections to flourish.
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从而促使更深的牵绊滋生而成。
03:15
In the closest friendships,
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在最亲密的友谊里,
03:17
it can almost feel as if you’re metaphysically connected—
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你甚至可能感觉与朋友抽象化地
03:20
two bodies and minds, perfectly in sync.
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在身心两侧连结为一体,举步并行。
03:23
And there is science to this!
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而这是有科学认证的!
03:24
Your ability to connect with others somewhat depends
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你与他人相交的能力略微取决于
03:27
on the coordination of actions, emotions, physiology, and thoughts.
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行动、情绪、体格与思想的协调度。
03:32
This is what psychologists call interpersonal synchrony.
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这就是被心理学家们 称为人际同步的概念。
03:36
You first show signs of the ability to sync with others as infants—
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人们最初显示与他人同步的能力 是在婴儿时期——
03:40
synchronizing movements and babbling with your parents.
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以行动和呀呀出声模仿双亲的时候。
03:43
As you get older and spend more time outside the home,
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当你长大成人, 在家外度过的时间稍长后,
03:46
you increasingly show this synchrony with your peers.
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你将与同龄人们更多地 产生这种同步性。
03:48
For example, imagine walking down the street with a friend.
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打个比方说:你与朋友一同逛街时,
03:51
Often without consciously thinking,
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常常会在不自觉的情况下
03:53
you stroll at the same pace and follow the same path.
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与友人同速同道而行。
03:56
You and your best friend may not be only on the same page,
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你与你的闺蜜或许不只是同心同意,
03:59
but also scientifically, in step.
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甚至从科学上而言,同步而行。
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