How friendship affects your brain - Shannon Odell

1,253,447 views ใƒป 2022-09-15

TED-Ed


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

ืชืจื’ื•ื: zeeva livshitz ืขืจื™ื›ื”: Ido Dekkers
00:07
Friendships can hold an exceptional place in our life stories.
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ื—ื‘ืจื•ื™ื•ืช ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ืœืชืคื•ืก ืžืงื•ื ื™ื•ืฆื ื“ื•ืคืŸ ื‘ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ ื—ื™ื™ื ื•.
00:11
What is it about these connections that make them so unique?
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ืžื” ื™ืฉ ื‘ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ื ื”ืืœื” ืฉืขื•ืฉื” ืื•ืชื ื›ืœ ื›ืš ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ื™ื?
00:14
Before we dive into the science, letโ€™s first observe one in action.
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ืœืคื ื™ ืฉื ืฆืœื•ืœ ืœืชื•ืš ื”ืžื“ืข, ื‘ื•ืื• ื ืชื‘ื•ื ืŸ ืชื—ื™ืœื” ื‘ืื—ืช ืžื”ืŸ ื‘ืคืขื•ืœื”.
00:20
If I could somehow design a best friend, you know,
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ืื ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืื™ื›ืฉื”ื• ืœืขืฆื‘ ืืช ื”ื—ื‘ืจ ื”ื›ื™ ื˜ื•ื‘, ืืชื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื,
00:23
put together all the ideal qualities of my perfect match,
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ืœื”ืจื›ื™ื‘ ื™ื—ื“ ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืชื›ื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืื™ื“ื™ืืœื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื”ืชืืžื” ื”ืžื•ืฉืœืžืช ืฉืœื™,
00:26
that person would pale in comparison to Priya.
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ื”ืื“ื ื”ื–ื” ื™ื—ื•ื•ื™ืจ ื‘ื”ืฉื•ื•ืื” ืœืคืจื™ื™ื”.
00:29
She can turn any situation into a good timeโ€”
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ื”ื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ืคื•ืš ื›ืœ ืžืฆื‘ ืœื–ืžืŸ ื˜ื•ื‘-
00:32
chemistry lab, band practice.
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ืžืขื‘ื“ื” ืœื›ื™ืžื™ื”, ืื™ืžื•ืŸ ืชื–ืžื•ืจืช.
00:35
What Iโ€™m trying to say is I never laugh harder than when Iโ€™m with Priya.
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ืžื” ืฉืื ื™ ืžื ืกื” ืœื•ืžืจ ื–ื” ืฉืื ื™ ืืฃ ืคืขื ืœื ืฆื•ื—ืงืช ื—ื–ืง ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืืฉืจ ื›ืฉืื ื™ ืขื ืคืจื™ื™ื”.
00:39
And sheโ€™s always there for me.
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ื•ื”ื™ื ืชืžื™ื“ ืฉื ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœื™.
00:40
Like last year after I got dumped by Teโ€” you know what?
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ื›ืžื• ื‘ืฉื ื” ืฉืขื‘ืจื” ืื—ืจื™ ืฉื ื–ืจืงืชื™ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื˜ื”-- ืืชื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืžื”?
00:44
I donโ€™t even want to mention their name.
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ืื ื™ ืืคื™ืœื• ืœื ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื”ื–ื›ื™ืจ ืืช ืฉืžื.
00:46
It felt like my whole world was crashing down.
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ื–ื” ื”ืจื’ื™ืฉ ื›ืื™ืœื• ื›ืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื ืฉืœื™ ืžืชืจืกืง.
00:48
But as soon as I told Priya, boom, she was at my door.
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ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืจื’ืข ืฉืกื™ืคืจืชื™ ืœืคืจื™ื™ื”, ื‘ื•ื, ื”ื™ื ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืœื™ื“ ื”ื“ืœืช ืฉืœื™.
00:52
I was a wreck, but she sat there with me and listened.
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ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืฉื‘ืจ ื›ืœื™, ืื‘ืœ ื”ื™ื ื™ืฉื‘ื” ืฉื ืื™ืชื™ ื•ื”ืงืฉื™ื‘ื”.
00:56
Weโ€™re always on the same page;
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืชืžื™ื“ ื ืžืฆืื•ืช ื‘ืื•ืชื• ืจืืฉ;
00:58
itโ€™s as if we can read each otherโ€™s minds!
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ื–ื” ื›ืื™ืœื• ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœื ื• ืœืงืจื•ื ื–ื• ืืช ืžื—ืฉื‘ื•ืชื™ื” ืฉืœ ื–ื•!
01:00
And we can talk for hoursโ€” about anything.
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ื•ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืฉืขื•ืช - ืขืœ ื›ืœ ื“ื‘ืจ.
01:03
I know my mom would say she has the phone bills to prove it.
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ืื ื™ ื™ื•ื“ืขืช ืฉืืžื ืฉืœื™ ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืื•ืžืจืช ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื” ื—ืฉื‘ื•ื ื•ืช ื˜ืœืคื•ืŸ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื•ื›ื™ื— ื–ืืช.
01:08
If it seems like friendships formed in adolescence are particularly special,
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ืื ื ืจืื” ื›ืื™ืœื• ื—ื‘ืจื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉื ื•ืฆืจื• ื‘ื’ื™ืœ ื”ื”ืชื‘ื’ืจื•ืช ื”ืŸ ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ื•ืช ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“,
01:12
thatโ€™s because they are.
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ื–ื” ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉื”ืŸ ื›ืืœื”.
01:14
Early childhood, adolescent, and adult friendships
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ื—ื‘ืจื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื™ืœื“ื•ืช ืžื•ืงื“ืžืช, ื’ื™ืœ ื”ืชื‘ื’ืจื•ืช, ื•ืฉืœ ืžื‘ื•ื’ืจื™ื
01:16
all manifest a little differently
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ื›ื•ืœืŸ ื‘ืื•ืช ืœื™ื“ื™ ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ืงืฆืช ืื—ืจืช
01:18
in part because the brain works in different ways at those stages of life.
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ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืฉืืจ ื›ื™ ื”ืžื•ื— ืขื•ื‘ื“ ื‘ื“ืจื›ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื•ืช ื‘ืื•ืชื ืฉืœื‘ื™ ื—ื™ื™ื.
01:22
Adolescence is a unique time when peer relationships take focus,
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ื’ื™ืœ ื”ื”ืชื‘ื’ืจื•ืช ื”ื•ื ื–ืžืŸ ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ ื‘ื• ืงืฉืจื™ ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ืžืชืžืงื“ื™ื,
01:26
and thanks to the developing brain,
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ื•ื‘ื–ื›ื•ืช ื”ืžื•ื— ื”ืžืชืคืชื—,
01:28
there are changes in the way you value, understand, and connect to friends.
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ื™ืฉ ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ื‘ื“ืจืš ืฉื‘ื” ืืชื ืžืขืจื™ื›ื™ื, ืžื‘ื™ื ื™ื ื•ืžืชื—ื‘ืจื™ืค ืœื—ื‘ืจื™ื.
01:34
Teenage friends can seem attached at the hip.
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ื—ื‘ืจื™ื ื‘ื’ื™ืœ ื”ื”ืชื‘ื’ืจื•ืช ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื™ืจืื•ืช ืžื—ื•ื‘ืจื™ื ื–ื” ืœื–ื”
01:36
Scientists describe adolescence as a social reorientation
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ืžื“ืขื ื™ื ืžืชืืจื™ื ืืช ื’ื™ืœ ื”ื”ืชื‘ื’ืจื•ืช ื›ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ ืžื—ื“ืฉ
01:41
as teenagers begin to spend as much or more time
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ื›ืฉื‘ื ื™ ื ื•ืขืจ ืžืชื—ื™ืœื™ื ืœื‘ืœื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ื™ื•ืชืจ ื–ืžืŸ
01:44
with their friends than with their parents.
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ืขื ื”ื—ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืœื”ื ืžืืฉืจ ืขื ื”ื”ื•ืจื™ื ืฉืœื”ื.
01:46
This drive to hang with pals may be due to changes in the brainโ€™s reward center,
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ื“ื—ืฃ ื–ื” ืœื‘ืœื•ืช ืขื ื—ื‘ืจื™ื ืขืฉื•ื™ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืขืงื‘ ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ื‘ืžืจื›ื– ื”ืชื’ืžื•ืœ ืฉืœ ื”ืžื•ื—,
01:50
known as the ventral striatum.
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ื”ืžื›ื•ื ื” ืกื˜ืจื™ืื˜ื•ื ื”ื’ื—ื•ืŸ.
01:53
Its activation makes hanging out with others enjoyable
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ื”ื”ืคืขืœื” ืฉืœื• ื”ื•ืคื›ืช ื‘ื™ืœื•ื™ ื–ืžืŸ ืขื ืื—ืจื™ื ืœืžื”ื ื”
01:56
and motivates you to spend more time with them.
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ื•ืžื ื™ืขื” ืืชื›ื ืœื‘ืœื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ื–ืžืŸ ืื™ืชื.
01:59
Neuroimaging studies show that this region is highly reactive
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ืžื—ืงืจื™ ื”ื“ืžื™ื™ืช ืขืฆื‘ื™ื ืžืจืื™ื ืฉืื–ื•ืจ ื–ื” ื”ื•ื ืžืื•ื“ ืชื’ื•ื‘ืชื™
02:02
during your teenage years,
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ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ืฉื ื•ืช ื”ืขืฉืจื” ืฉืœื›ื,
02:03
which may explain why adolescents seem to place a higher value
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ืžื” ืฉืขืฉื•ื™ ืœื”ืกื‘ื™ืจ ืžื“ื•ืข ื ืจืื” ืฉืžืชื‘ื’ืจื™ื ืžื™ื™ื—ืกื™ื ืขืจืš ื’ื‘ื•ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ
02:07
on social interactions than children or adults.
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ืœืื™ื ื˜ืจืืงืฆื™ื•ืช ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ื•ืช ืžืืฉืจ ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืื• ืžื‘ื•ื’ืจื™ื.
02:11
Teenage friendships can also feel more intimate
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ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ืฉืœ ื‘ื ื™ ื ื•ืขืจ ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ื’ื ืœื”ืจื’ื™ืฉ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืื™ื ื˜ื™ืžื™ืช
02:13
than the friendships of your childhood.
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ืžืืฉืจ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื™ืœื“ื•ืชื›ื.
02:15
This deeper connection is possible thanks to improvements
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ื”ืงืฉืจ ื”ืขืžื•ืง ื™ื•ืชืจ ื”ื–ื” ืืคืฉืจื™ ื”ื•ื“ื•ืช ืœืฉื™ืคื•ืจื™ื
02:18
in what scientists call Theory of Mind.
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ื‘ืžื” ืฉืžื“ืขื ื™ื ืžื›ื ื™ื ืชืื•ืจื™ื” ืฉืœ ืชื•ื“ืขื”.
02:22
Theory of Mind is the ability to understand othersโ€™ emotions,
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ืชืื•ืจื™ื” ืฉืœ ืชื•ื“ืขื” ื”ื™ื ื”ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืจื’ืฉื•ืช ืฉืœ ืื—ืจื™ื,
02:26
thoughts, motivations, and points of view,
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ืžื—ืฉื‘ื•ืช, ืžื ื™ืขื™ื ื•ื ืงื•ื“ื•ืช ืžื‘ื˜,
02:28
and to realize that they may be different from your own.
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ื•ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉื”ื ืขืฉื•ื™ื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื™ื ืžืฉืœื›ื.
02:32
While it may seem intuitive,
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ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉื–ื” ืื•ืœื™ ื ืจืื” ืื™ื ื˜ื•ืื™ื˜ื™ื‘ื™,
02:33
this ability hinges on the careful coordination of various brain regions,
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ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ื–ื• ืชืœื•ื™ื” ื‘ืชื™ืื•ื ื–ื”ื™ืจ ืฉืœ ืื–ื•ืจื™ ืžื•ื— ืฉื•ื ื™ื,
02:38
sometimes referred to as the social brain.
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ื”ืžื›ื•ื ื” ืœืคืขืžื™ื ื”ืžื•ื— ื”ื—ื‘ืจืชื™.
02:41
Babies begin to develop Theory of Mind around 18 months or so.
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ืชื™ื ื•ืงื•ืช ืžืชื—ื™ืœื™ื ืœืคืชื— ืืช ืชืื•ืจื™ื™ืช ื”ืžื™ื™ื ื“ ื‘ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื•ืช 18 ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื ื‘ืขืจืš.
ืœืคื ื™ ื›ืŸ, ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืฉื”ื ืžืืžื™ื ื™ื ืฉื›ื•ืœื ืงื•ืœื˜ื™ื ื•ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื
02:46
Before that, itโ€™s thought they believe that everyone perceives and knows
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02:49
exactly what they know.
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ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ืืช ืžื” ืฉื”ื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื.
02:52
It was once considered to be fully developed by age five,
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ืคืขื ื”ื ื ื—ืฉื‘ื• ื›ืžืคื•ืชื—ื™ื ืœื—ืœื•ื˜ื™ืŸ ืขื“ ื’ื™ืœ ื—ืžืฉ,
02:55
but scientists now know that Theory of Mind
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ืื‘ืœ ืžื“ืขื ื™ื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืฉืชืื•ืจื™ืช ื”ืžื™ื™ื ื“
02:58
continues to improve and mature well into your teenage years and beyond.
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ืžืžืฉื™ื›ื” ืœื”ืฉืชืคืจ ื•ืœื”ืชื‘ื’ืจ ื’ื ื‘ืฉื ื•ืช ื”ืขืฉืจื” ืฉืœื›ื ื•ืื™ืœืš.
03:02
Likewise, regions within the social brain show increased connectivity
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ื›ืžื• ื›ืŸ, ืื–ื•ืจื™ื ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ืžื•ื— ื”ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ ืžืฆื™ื’ื™ื ืงื™ืฉื•ืจื™ื•ืช ืžื•ื’ื‘ืจืช
03:06
during adolescence compared with childhood.
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ื‘ื”ืฉื•ื•ืื” ืฉืœ ื’ื™ืœ ื”ื”ืชื‘ื’ืจื•ืช ืขื ื”ื™ืœื“ื•ืช.
03:08
As a result, teens can better understand their friendโ€™s perspectives,
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ื›ืชื•ืฆืื” ืžื›ืš, ื‘ื ื™ ื ื•ืขืจ ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ื˜ื•ื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืืช ื ืงื•ื“ื•ืช ื”ืžื‘ื˜ ืฉืœ ื—ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืœื”ื,
03:12
allowing for deeper connections to flourish.
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ืžื” ืฉืžืืคืฉืจ ืœืงืฉืจื™ื ืขืžื•ืงื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœืคืจื•ื—.
03:15
In the closest friendships,
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ื‘ื—ื‘ืจื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ื›ื™ ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช,
03:17
it can almost feel as if youโ€™re metaphysically connectedโ€”
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ื–ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ื›ืžืขื˜ ืœื”ืจื’ื™ืฉ ื›ืื™ืœื• ืืชื ืžื—ื•ื‘ืจื™ื ืžื˜ืคื™ื–ื™ืช-
03:20
two bodies and minds, perfectly in sync.
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ืฉื ื™ ื’ื•ืคื™ื ื•ืžื•ื—ื•ืช, ืžืกื•ื ื›ืจื ื™ื ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืžื•ืฉืœืžืช.
03:23
And there is science to this!
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ื•ื™ืฉ ื‘ื–ื” ืžื“ืข!
03:24
Your ability to connect with others somewhat depends
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ื”ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืฉืœืš ืœื”ืชื—ื‘ืจ ืœืื—ืจื™ื ืชืœื•ื™ื” ื‘ืžืงืฆืช
03:27
on the coordination of actions, emotions, physiology, and thoughts.
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ืขืœ ืชื™ืื•ื ืคืขื•ืœื•ืช, ืจื’ืฉื•ืช, ืคื™ื–ื™ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ื•ืžื—ืฉื‘ื•ืช.
03:32
This is what psychologists call interpersonal synchrony.
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ืœื–ื” ืงื•ืจืื™ื ื”ืคืกื™ื›ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื™ืฉื™.
03:36
You first show signs of the ability to sync with others as infantsโ€”
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ืืชื ืงื•ื“ื ื›ืœ ืžืจืื™ื ืกื™ืžื ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืœื”ืกืชื ื›ืจืŸ ืขื ืื—ืจื™ื ื›ืชื™ื ื•ืงื•ืช-
03:40
synchronizing movements and babbling with your parents.
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ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืชื ื•ืขื•ืช ื•ืœืงืฉืงืฉ ืขื ื”ื”ื•ืจื™ื ืฉืœื›ื.
03:43
As you get older and spend more time outside the home,
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ื›ื›ืœ ืฉืืชื ืžืชื‘ื’ืจื™ื ื•ืžื‘ืœื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ื–ืžืŸ ืžื—ื•ืฅ ืœื‘ื™ืช,
03:46
you increasingly show this synchrony with your peers.
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ืืชื ืžืจืื™ื ื‘ื”ื“ืจื’ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ื™ื•ืชืจ ืืช ื”ืกื™ื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ื”ื–ื” ืขื ื‘ื ื™ ื’ื™ืœื›ื.
03:48
For example, imagine walking down the street with a friend.
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ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื”, ื“ืžื™ื™ื ื• ืฉืืชื ื”ื•ืœื›ื™ื ื‘ืžื•ืจื“ ื”ืจื—ื•ื‘ ืขื ื—ื‘ืจ.
03:51
Often without consciously thinking,
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ืœืขืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืœื™ ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื‘ืžื•ื“ืข,
03:53
you stroll at the same pace and follow the same path.
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ืืชื ืžื˜ื™ื™ืœื™ื ื‘ืื•ืชื• ืงืฆื‘ ื•ื”ื•ืœื›ื™ื ื‘ืื•ืชื” ื“ืจืš.
03:56
You and your best friend may not be only on the same page,
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ืืชื ื•ื”ื—ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ื›ื™ ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื ืฉืœื›ื ืื•ืœื™ ืœื ืจืง ื ืžืฆืื™ื ื‘ืื•ืชื• ืจืืฉ,
03:59
but also scientifically, in step.
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ืืœื ื’ื ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ืžื“ืขื™ืช, ื‘ืื•ืชื• ืฆืขื“.
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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