Symbiosis: A surprising tale of species cooperation - David Gonzales

Simbioza: Iznenađujuća prića o saradnji između vrsta - Dejvid Gonzales

Prevodilac: Sara Bgd Lektor: Tatjana Jevdjic

(Muzika)

Are you familiar with the word symbiosis?

Da li vam je poznata reč simbioza?

To je fensi termin za partnerski odnos između dve različite vrste,

It's a fancy term for a partnership between two different species,

kao što su pčele i cveće.

such as bees and flowers.

In a symbiosis, both species depend on each other.

U simbiozi, obe vrste međusobno zavise.

Želim da vam pričam o izuzetnoj simbiozi

I want to tell you about a remarkable symbiosis

between a little bird, the Clark's nutcracker,

između male ptice, Nucifraga columbiana (Klarkov krcko oraraščić)

and a big tree, the whitebark pine.

i velikog drveta, Pinus albicaulis (vrsta bora)

Whitebark grow in the mountains of Wyoming, Montana

Pinus albicaulis raste u planinama Vajominga, Montane i ostalih zapadnih država.

and other western states.

They have huge canopies and lots of needles,

Oni imaju ogromne krošnje i mnogo bodlji,

which provide cover and shelter for other plants and animals,

koji pružaju zaštitu i skrovište drugim biljkama i životinjama

and whitebark feed the forest.

i Pinus albicaulis hrani šumu.

Their cones are packed with protein.

Njihove šišarke su prepune proteina.

Squirrels gnaw the cones from the upper branches

Veverice glođu šišarke sa gornjih grana

tako da one padaju na zemlju

so they fall to the ground,

and then race down to bury them in piles, or middens.

i onda se sjure dole kako bi ih zakopali u gomilice ili bunjišta.

But they don't get to keep all of them;

Ali one ne zadržavaju sve njih;

grizzlies and black bears love finding middens.

grizliji i crni medvedi vole da pronalaze bunjišta.

But there's more to a symbiosis than one species feeding another.

Simbioza je ipak više od jedne vrste koja hrani drugu.

In the case of the Clark's nutcracker, this bird gives back.

U slučaju Nucifraga columbiana, ova ptica uzvraća.

While gathering its seeds, it also replants the trees.

Dok skuplja seme, ona ponovo sadi drveće.

To se ovako dešava: koristeći svoj moćni kljun,

Here's how it works: using her powerful beak,

the nutcracker picks apart a cone in a treetop,

Nucifraga columbiana rastura na delove šišarku koja je i dalje na drvetu,

pulling out the seeds.

tako što izvlači seme. Ona može da zadrži do 80 zrna u kesici koju ima u grlu.

She can store up to 80 of them in a pouch in her throat.

Then she flies through the forest

Onda leti kroz šumu, tražeći mesto da sakrije seme

looking for a place to cache the seeds

2,5 cm ispod zemlje u gomilicama koje imaju do osam zrna semena.

an inch under the soil in piles of up to eight seeds.

Nutcrackers can gather up to 90,000 seeds in the autumn,

Nucifraga columbiana može da sakupi do 90 000 zrna semena tokom jeseni,

po koje se vraćaju tokom zime i proleća.

which they return for in the winter and spring.

And these birds are smart.

Ove ptice su pametne. One se sećaju gde se nalaze sva ova zrna semena.

They remember where all those seeds are.

One čak koriste obeležja u prirodi --

They even use landmarks on the landscape --

trees, stumps, rocks --

drveće, panjeve, stene --

to triangulate to caches buried deep under the snow.

kako bi locirale skrivena mesta koja su zakopana duboko ispod snega.

What they don't go back and get, those seeds become whitebark.

Ono gde se ne vrate i ne uzmu iz zemlje, to je seme koje će postati Pinus albicaulis.

Ova simbioza je toliko važna za obe vrste

This symbiosis is so important to both species

that they've changed, or evolved, to suit each other.

da su se one menjale ili evoluirale, na način da odgovaraju jedna drugoj.

Nucifraga columbiana je razvio dugačke i snažne kljunove

Nutcrackers have developed long, tough beaks

za izvlačenje semena iz šišarke,

for extracting seeds from cones,

and whitebarks' branches all sweep upwards

a grane Pinus albicaulis se sve uzdižu prema gore

with the cones at the very ends,

sa šišarkama na krajevima, kako bi ih ponudili Nucifraga columbiana koji proleću pored njih.

so they can offer them to the nutcrackers as they fly by.

To je simbioza:

That's a symbiosis:

Two species cooperating to help each other for the benefit of all.

dve vrste koje sarađuju kako bi međusobno pomogle za dobrobit svih.