Symbiosis: A surprising tale of species cooperation - David Gonzales

Simbioza: Iznenađujuća priča o suradnji različitih vrsta - David Gonzales

Prevoditelj: Ivan Lovas Recezent: Ivan Stamenković

(Glazba)

Are you familiar with the word symbiosis?

Jeste li upoznati s pojmom simbioza?

To je ušminkani izraz za partnerstvo između dvije različite vrste,

It's a fancy term for a partnership between two different species,

primjerice pčela i cvijeća.

such as bees and flowers.

In a symbiosis, both species depend on each other.

Kod simbioze, obje vrste ovise jedna o drugoj.

Želim vam pričati o nevjerojatnoj simbiozi

I want to tell you about a remarkable symbiosis

between a little bird, the Clark's nutcracker,

između male ptice, američke kreje

and a big tree, the whitebark pine.

i velikog drveta, bjelokorog bora.

Whitebark grow in the mountains of Wyoming, Montana

bjelokori borovi rastu u planinama Wyinga, Montane i ostalim zapadnim državama Amerike.

and other western states.

They have huge canopies and lots of needles,

Imaju ogromnu krošnju i puno iglica

which provide cover and shelter for other plants and animals,

koje pružaju zaklon za ostale biljke i životinje,

and whitebark feed the forest.

a i prehranjuju šumu.

Their cones are packed with protein.

Njihovi češeri su prepuni proteina.

Squirrels gnaw the cones from the upper branches

Vjeverice odgrizanju češere s gornjih grana

tako da padnu na tlo

so they fall to the ground,

and then race down to bury them in piles, or middens.

i onda jure dolje kako bi ih zakopali na hrpu ili u gnijezdo.

But they don't get to keep all of them;

Ali ne ostane sve njima;

grizzlies and black bears love finding middens.

grizliji i crni medvjedi vole tražiti njihova gnijezda.

But there's more to a symbiosis than one species feeding another.

Simbioza je više od jedne vrste koja prehranjuje drugu.

In the case of the Clark's nutcracker, this bird gives back.

U slučaju kreje, ona vraća nazad.

While gathering its seeds, it also replants the trees.

Dok skuplja sjemenke, ona također sadi stabla.

Ovako to funkcionira: koristeći snažni kljun,

Here's how it works: using her powerful beak,

the nutcracker picks apart a cone in a treetop,

kreja razlomi češer na vrhu drveta

pulling out the seeds.

pri čemu izvuče sjemenke. U vrećici u grlu može pohraniti i do 80 sjemenki.

She can store up to 80 of them in a pouch in her throat.

Then she flies through the forest

Onda leti šumom tražeći mjesto gdje bi ih mogla sakriti,

looking for a place to cache the seeds

3 cm ispod zemlje u hrpicama do 8 sjemenki.

an inch under the soil in piles of up to eight seeds.

Nutcrackers can gather up to 90,000 seeds in the autumn,

Preko jeseni one mogu skupiti i do 90,000 sjemenki

po koje se vračaju tijekom zime i proljeća.

which they return for in the winter and spring.

And these birds are smart.

Ove ptice su pametne. Sjećaju se svake sjemenke koju su ostavile.

They remember where all those seeds are.

Koriste čak i obilježja krajolika --

They even use landmarks on the landscape --

trees, stumps, rocks --

drveća, panjeve, stijene --

to triangulate to caches buried deep under the snow.

kako pronašle svoj ulov zakopan duboko pod snijegom.

What they don't go back and get, those seeds become whitebark.

One sjemenke koje ne pokupe, izrastu u novo stablo.

Ova simbioza je toliko bitna za obje vrste

This symbiosis is so important to both species

that they've changed, or evolved, to suit each other.

da su se promijenile, odnosno evoluirale, kako bi odgovarale jedna drugoj.

kreje su razvile dugačke, čvrste kljunove

Nutcrackers have developed long, tough beaks

za izvlačenje sjemenki iz češera,

for extracting seeds from cones,

and whitebarks' branches all sweep upwards

a borove grane se savijaju prema gore

with the cones at the very ends,

s češerima na samim krajevima, kako bi ih kreja lakše pokupila dok leti.

so they can offer them to the nutcrackers as they fly by.

To je simbioza:

That's a symbiosis:

Two species cooperating to help each other for the benefit of all.

Dvije vrste surađuju zajedno kako bi pomogle jedna drugoj za dobrobit svih.