One of the most difficult words to translate... - Krystian Aparta

Jedna od najtežih riječi za prevesti ... - Krystian Aparta

2,007,646 views

2016-09-06 ・ TED-Ed


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One of the most difficult words to translate... - Krystian Aparta

Jedna od najtežih riječi za prevesti ... - Krystian Aparta

2,007,646 views ・ 2016-09-06

TED-Ed


Dvaput kliknite na engleske titlove ispod za reprodukciju videozapisa.

Prevoditelj: Ivan Stamenković Recezent: Senzos Osijek
00:09
Which is the hardest word to translate in this sentence?
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Koju je riječ najteže prevesti u ovoj rečenici?
00:13
"Know" is easy to translate.
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"Know" je lako prevesti.
00:15
"Pep rally" doesn't have a direct analog in a lot of languages and cultures,
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"Pep rally" nema direktno istoznačnicu u puno jezika i kultura,
00:19
but can be approximated.
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no može se približno prevesti.
00:21
But the hardest word there is actually one of the smallest: "you."
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Ali najteža riječ je zapravo i jedna od najmanjih: "you."
00:26
As simple as it seems,
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Jednostavna, kako se čini,
00:27
it's often impossible to accurately translate "you"
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ponekad je nemoguće točno prevesti "you"
00:31
without knowing a lot more about the situation where it's being said.
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bez da znamo puno više o situaciji gdje se izgovara.
00:35
To start with, how familiar are you with the person you're talking to?
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Da počnemo, koliko vam je poznata osoba s kojom vi pričate?
00:40
Many cultures have different levels of formality.
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Mnoge kulture imaju različite nivoe formalnosti.
00:44
A close friend,
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Blizak prijatelj,
00:45
someone much older or much younger,
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netko puno stariji ili mlađi,
00:47
a stranger,
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stranac,
00:48
a boss.
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šef.
00:49
These all may be slightly different "you's."
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Ovo su sve malo drugačiji "vi", "you's".
00:53
In many languages, the pronoun reflects these differences
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U mnogim jezicima, zamjenica odražava ove razlike
00:56
through what's known as the T–V distinction.
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kroz nešto što se zove T-V distinkcija.
01:00
In French, for example,
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U francuskom, na primjer,
01:01
you would say "tu" when talking to your friend at school,
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reći ćete "tu" kada pričate sa prijateljem u školi,
01:04
but "vous" when addressing your teacher.
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ali "vous" kada se obraćate učitelju.
01:07
Even English once had something similar.
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Čak je i engleski imao nešto slično.
01:09
Remember the old-timey "thou?"
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Sjećate li se starinskog "thou?"
01:12
Ironically, it was actually the informal pronoun
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Ironično, to je zapravo neformalna zamjenica
01:15
for people you're close with,
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za ljude s kojma ste bliski,
01:16
while "you" was the formal and polite version.
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dok "you" ima ulogu formalne i pristojne verzije.
01:20
That distinction was lost
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To razlikovanje je izgubljeno
01:21
when the English decided to just be polite all the time.
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kada su Englezi odlučili cijelo vrijeme biti pristojni.
01:25
But the difficulty in translating "you" doesn't end there.
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Ali teškoće u prevođenju "you" ne završavaju ovdje.
01:28
In languages like Hausa or Korana,
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U jezicima kao što su Hausa ili Korana,
01:31
the "you" form depends on the listener's gender.
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oblik "you" ovisi o spolu slušatelja.
01:34
In many more, it depends on whether they are one or many,
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U mnogim drugima ovisi o tome radi li se o jednom ili mnogima,
01:37
such as with German "Du" or "ihr."
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kao sa njemačkim "Du" ili "Ihr."
01:40
Even in English,
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Čak i u Engleskom,
01:42
some dialects use words like "y'all" or "youse" the same way.
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neki dijalekti koriste riječi kao "y'all" ili "youse" na isti način.
01:47
Some plural forms, like the French "vous"
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Neki oblici množine, kao francuski "vous"
01:49
and Russian "Вы"
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i ruski "Вы"
01:50
are also used for a single person
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se koriste i za jednu osobu
01:53
to show that the addressee is that much more important,
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kako bi pokazali da je onaj kome se obraćamo toliko važan,
01:56
much like the royal "we."
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kao i kraljevsko "we."
01:58
And a few languages even have a specific form
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I nekoliko jezika imaju specifičan oblik
02:01
for addressing exactly two people,
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u slučaju obraćanja točno dvoje ljudi,
02:04
like Slovenian "vidva."
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kao slovenski "vidva."
02:06
If that wasn't complicated enough,
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Ako to nije dovoljno komplicirano,
02:08
formality, number, and gender can all come into play at the same time.
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formalnost, broj i spol mogu stupiti na scenu u isto vrijeme.
02:13
In Spanish, "tú" is unisex informal singular,
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Na španjolskom, "tú" je univerzalna neformalna jednina,
02:17
"usted" is unisex formal singular,
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"usted" je univerzalna formalna jednina,
02:20
"vosotros" is masculine informal plural,
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"vostros" je muški rod neformalne množine,
02:23
"vosotras" is feminine informal plural,
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"vostras" je ženska neformalna množina,
02:26
and "ustedes" is the unisex formal plural.
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a "ustedes" je univerzalna formalna množina.
02:30
Phew!
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Uh!
02:31
After all that,
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Poslije svega toga,
02:32
it may come as a relief
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može biti olakšanje
02:34
that some languages often leave out the second person pronoun.
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da neki jezici često izostave
02:37
In languages like Romanian and Portuguese,
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U jezicima kao što je rumunjski ili portugalski
02:40
the pronoun can be dropped from sentences
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zamjenica može biti izbačena iz rečenica
02:42
because it's clearly implied by the way the verbs are conjugated.
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jer je očito implicirana načinom na koji su glagoli konjugirani.
02:46
And in languages like Korean, Thai, and Chinese,
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A u jezicima kao što su korejski, tajlandski i kineski,
02:50
pronouns can be dropped without any grammatical hints.
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zamjenice mogu biti izbačene bez gramatičkih upozorenja.
02:53
Speakers often would rather have
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Govornici bi rađe
02:55
the listener guess the pronoun from context
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da slušatelj pogodi zamjenicu iz konteksta
02:58
than use the wrong one and risk being seen as rude.
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nego koristili krivu i ispali nepristojni.
03:02
So if you're ever working as a translator
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Tako da, ukoliko radite kao prevoditelj
03:04
and come across this sentence without any context:
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i naiđete na rečenicu bez konteksta:
03:07
"You and you, no, not you,
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"You and you, no not you,
03:09
you, your job is to translate 'you' for yourselves" ...
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you, your job is to translate 'you' for yourselves" ...
03:12
Well, good luck.
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Pa, sretno.
03:14
And to the volunteer community who will be translating this video
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I volonterima koji će prevoditi ovaj video
03:17
into multiple languages:
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u različite jezike:
03:20
Sorry about that!
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Žao mi je zbog toga!
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