A civil response to violence (with English subtitles) | Emiliano Salinas

74,085 views ・ 2011-06-24

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00:00
Translator: Carolina Montero Reviewer: Sebastian Betti
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譯者: Ana Choi 審譯者: Chueh-chen Wang
00:15
My name is Emiliano Salinas
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我的名字是艾米利亞路•薩利納斯,
00:17
and I'm going to talk about the role
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而我要談談的是現今
00:21
we members of society play
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我們身為社會一份子
00:23
in the violent atmosphere
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在現今社會暴力氣氛中所扮演的
00:25
this country is living in right now.
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角色。
00:28
I was born in 1976.
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我出生於1976年。
00:31
I grew up in a traditional Mexican family.
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我生長在一個傳統的墨西哥家庭。
00:34
As a child, I had a pretty normal life:
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作為一個孩子,我有一個非常普通的生活:
00:36
I would go to school, play with my friends and cousins.
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我去上學,與我的朋友和表親玩耍。
00:40
But then my father became President of Mexico
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但後來我的父親成為墨西哥總統後
00:43
and my life changed.
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我的生活便改變了。
00:46
What I'm about to say,
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我接下來要說的,
00:49
at least some of what I'm about to say,
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或我將要說的內容,至少有一部分
00:50
will cause controversy.
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會引起爭議。
00:52
Firstly, because I'm the one who's going to say it.
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首先是因為說這些話的人是我這個人
00:55
And secondly, because what I'm going to say is true,
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其次,因為我要說的都是真的,
00:58
and it will make a lot of people nervous
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它會讓很多人感到緊張,
01:00
because it's something we don't want to hear.
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因為它不是我們所希望聽到的。
01:03
But it's imperative that we listen
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但那是我們都必須要去聽的
01:05
because it's undeniable and definitive.
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因為它是無可否認的和非常明確的。
01:07
It will also make members of
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它還將使犯罪組織的成員
01:09
criminal organizations nervous
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因為相同原因
01:11
for the same reasons.
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而感到緊張。
01:12
I'm going to talk about the role
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我要談的是
01:16
we members of society play
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我們這些社會成員在這個現象裡
01:17
in this phenomenon,
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所扮演的角色
01:19
and about four different response levels
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以及關於我們公民對於對抗暴力
01:21
we citizens have against violence.
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所顯現出的四種不同回應層級。
01:25
I know many will find it difficult to separate the fact
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我知道很多人會覺得這是難以分開的
01:27
that I'm Carlos Salinas de Gortari's son
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我既是卡洛斯•薩利納斯•狄哥他利的兒子
01:29
from the fact that I'm a citizen
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同時也是一個關心
01:31
concerned about the country's current situation.
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國家現狀的公民的事實。
01:33
Don't worry.
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不要擔心。
01:34
It's not necessary for understanding
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這點對於了解
01:36
the importance of what I'm going to say.
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我所要說的話的重要性,沒有影響
01:39
I think we have a problem in Mexico.
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我認為我們在墨西哥有一個問題。
01:41
We have a big problem.
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我們有一個很大的問題。
01:42
I think there's consensus on this.
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我認為我們對此有是共識的。
01:44
No one argues --
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沒有人會爭論 --
01:45
we all agree there's a problem.
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我們都同意有一個問題存在。
01:47
What we don't agree on
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我們不同意的是,
01:48
is what the problem actually is.
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真正的問題是什麼
01:52
Is it the Zetas? The drug traffickers? The government?
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是齊塔人卡特爾組織?是毒販?是政府?
01:56
Corruption? Poverty? Or is it something else?
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是腐敗?是貧困?抑或是別的什麼?
02:00
I think none of these is the problem.
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我覺得這些都不是問題。
02:03
I don't mean they don't deserve attention.
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我不是說它們不值得關注。
02:05
But we won't be able to take care of any of those things
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但如果我們不解決墨西哥現有的實際問題
02:07
if we don't solve the real problem
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我們是不能照顧
02:10
we have in Mexico first.
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所有這些其它事情。
02:11
The real problem we have is
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真正的問題是,
02:12
most of us Mexicans, we believe we are victims
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我們大多數墨西哥人都相信我們
02:16
of our circumstances.
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是我們所處環境的受害者。
02:17
We are a country of victims.
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我們整個國家都是受害者。
02:20
Historically, we've always acted as victims
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從歷史上看,我們一直扮演
02:23
of something or somebody.
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某東西或某人的受害者。
02:24
We were victims of the Spaniards.
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我們是西班牙人的受害者。
02:27
Then we were victims of the French.
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然後,我們是法國人的受害者。
02:29
Then we were victims of Don Porfirio.
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然後,我們是波费里奥(前墨西哥總統)的受害者。
02:31
Then we were victims of the PRI.
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然後,我們是革命制度黨的受害者。
02:33
Even of Salinas.
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薩利納斯亦如是。
02:35
And of El Peje.
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奧巴多(前政治家)亦如是。
02:37
And now of the Zetas and the traffickers and the criminals and the kidnappers ...
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現在便是的齊塔人卡特爾組織和販運者和罪犯和綁匪...
02:40
Hold on! Wait a minute!
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等一等!
02:42
What if none of these things is the problem?
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如果這些東西都不是問題所在呢?
02:46
The problem is not the things we feel victims of.
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問題不在於我們覺得自己是什麼的受害者。
02:49
The problem is that we play the role of victims.
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問題是我們扮演著受害者的角色。
02:53
We need to open our eyes and see that we are not victims.
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我們需要睜開眼睛,看到我們不是​​受害者。
02:57
If only we stopped feeling like victims,
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假如我們停止感覺得自己像個受害者,
02:59
if we stopped acting as victims,
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假如我們停止扮演受害者,
03:01
our country would change so much!
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我們國家將會改變很多!
03:04
I'm going to talk about how to go from a society
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我要談談如何從一個
03:07
that acts as a victim of circumstances
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作為扮演受害者的社會,
03:09
to a responsible, involved society
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改變成一個有責任感和參與感的社會,
03:12
that takes the future of its country in its own hands.
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將國家的未來掌握在自己手中。
03:16
I'm going to talk about four different levels
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我要談談四個關於對抗暴力
03:18
of civil response against violence,
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四種不同的回應層級
03:20
from weakest
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從最弱
03:22
to strongest.
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到最強。
03:25
The first level, the weakest level of civil response against violence,
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關於人民對抗暴力的反應,第一級,最低級的
03:27
is denial and apathy.
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是否認和無視
03:30
Today, much of Mexican society is in denial
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如今,大部分的墨西哥社會都拒絕
03:33
of the situation we're going through.
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承認我們正在經歷的現況
03:36
We want to go on with our daily life
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我們希望繼續我們的日常生活,
03:38
even though we are not living under normal circumstances.
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即使我們不是生活在正常情況下。
03:41
Daily life in our country is,
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在我們的國家日常生活,
03:43
to say the least,
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至少可以說,
03:46
under extraordinary, exceptional circumstances.
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是在非常態,特殊的情況下進行。
03:48
It's like someone who has a serious illness
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這就像某人有嚴重的疾病,
03:52
and pretends it's the flu
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卻假裝它只是流感
03:54
and it will just go away.
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會自動消失。
03:56
We want to pretend that Mexico has the flu.
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我們想假裝墨西哥只是有流感。
03:59
But it doesn't.
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但事實並非如此。
04:02
Mexico has cancer.
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墨西哥有癌症。
04:04
And if we don't do something about it,
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如果我們採取行動
04:06
the cancer will end up killing it.
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癌症最終將會要它的命。
04:09
We need to move Mexican society
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我們需要將墨西哥社會
04:12
from denial and apathy
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從否認和冷漠
04:14
to the next level of citizen response,
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到另一個層次的人民反應層級,
04:16
which is, effectively, recognition.
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換言之,那就是承認。
04:19
And that recognition will sow fear --
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而這個承認將會引發恐懼 --
04:23
recognizing the seriousness of the situation.
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直至我們承認整個局勢的嚴重性。
04:26
But, fear is better than apathy
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但是,恐懼比冷漠較好,
04:30
because fear makes us do something.
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因為恐懼會讓我們有所行動。
04:33
Many people in Mexico
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如今很多墨西哥人
04:36
are afraid today.
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都感到害怕
04:38
We're very afraid.
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我們很害怕。
04:40
And we're acting out of that fear.
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我們的行動出於恐懼。
04:42
And let me tell you what the problem is
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讓我告訴你行動出於恐懼
04:44
with acting out of fear --
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帶有什麼問題--
04:45
and this is the second level of civil response:
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這是第二層次的人民反應:
04:48
fear.
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恐懼。
04:49
Let's think about Mexican streets:
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讓我們想想墨西哥的街道:
04:52
they're unsafe because of violence,
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它們因為充滿暴力而不安全,
04:55
so people stay at home.
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因此人們都待在家裡。
04:58
Does that make streets more or less safe?
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這是否讓街道更安全或更不安全呢?
05:02
Less safe!
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當然更不安全!
05:03
So streets become more desolate and unsafe,
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街道因此變得更荒涼和不安全,
05:05
so we stay home more --
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因此我們更加待在家裡。
05:06
which makes streets even more desolate and unsafe,
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街道因此變得更加冷清和不安全,
05:09
and we stay home even more.
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我們因此更是待在家裡。
05:10
This vicious circle ends up with the whole population
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這種惡性循環最終讓整個人口
05:13
stuck inside their houses, scared to death --
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困在家裡,嚴重地活於恐懼--
05:15
even more afraid than when we were out on the streets.
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比當我們在街上走更為嚴重
05:17
We need to confront this fear.
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我們需要面對這種恐懼。
05:20
We need to move Mexican society,
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我們需要推動墨西哥社會中,
05:22
the members of society who are at this level,
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活在這個層級的社會成員們,
05:25
to the next level, which is action.
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到下一個層次,也就是行動。
05:27
We need to face our fears and take back our streets,
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我們必須面對我們的恐懼,收回我們的街道,
05:31
our cities, our neighborhoods.
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我們的城市,我們的社區。
05:34
For many people, acting involves courage.
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對於很多人來說,行動引發憤怒
05:40
We go from fear to courage.
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我們從恐懼去到憤怒。
05:42
They say, "I can't take it anymore.
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他們說,「我不能再忍受了。
05:45
Let's do something about it."
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讓我們做一些事情吧。」
05:48
Recently --
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最近 --
05:50
this is a sensitive figure --
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這是一個敏感的數據 --
05:53
35 public lynchings have been recorded
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在墨西哥在2010年到目前為止,
05:56
so far in 2010
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已記錄了
05:58
in Mexico.
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35項公眾私刑。
06:02
Usually it's one or two a year.
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通常一年只發生一、兩次。
06:05
Now we're experiencing one every week.
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現在,我們每週都發生一次。
06:08
This shows that society is desperate
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這表明社會開始絕望,
06:11
and it's taking the law into its own hands.
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並且想要將自己動手執行法治
06:14
Unfortunately, violent action --
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不幸的是,暴力行動 --
06:17
though action is better than no action --
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雖然行動總比沒有行動好 --
06:20
but taking part in it
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但參與其中
06:23
only disguises violence.
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只是掩飾暴力行為。
06:25
If I'm violent with you
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如果我對你施暴
06:28
and you respond with violence,
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而你則以暴力作回應,
06:30
you become part of the violence
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你便成為暴力的一部分
06:32
and you just disguise my violence.
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而你只是掩飾我的暴力。
06:36
So civil action
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因此,人民行動
06:38
is vital,
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是至關重要,
06:40
but it's also vital to take people
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但更至關重要的是
06:42
who are at the level of courage
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要將在憤怒
06:44
and violent action
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和暴力層次的人
06:46
to the next level,
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引導到一個新的層次,
06:48
which is non-violent action.
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這便是非暴力行動。
06:49
It's pacific, coordinated civil action,
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這是和平的,協調的人民行動
06:52
which doesn't mean passive action.
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但這並不是意味著被動式行動。
06:54
It means it's determined and effective,
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這表示它的堅決和有效性,
06:57
but not violent.
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但不是暴力的
07:00
There are examples of this kind of action in Mexico.
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在墨西哥是有這樣的例子。
07:02
Two years ago, in Galena City, Chihuahua,
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兩年前,在奇瓦瓦州加里安娜市,
07:07
a member of the community was kidnapped,
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有一名當地社區的成員被綁架,
07:09
Eric Le Barón.
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埃里克•利比朗。
07:10
His brothers, Benjamín and Julián,
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他的兄弟,本傑明和朱利安,
07:12
got together with the rest of the community
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與其餘社區的成員聚在一起,
07:14
to think of the best course of action:
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思考最好的行動方針:
07:16
to pay the ransom,
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是支付贖金,
07:19
to take up arms and go after the kidnappers
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是拿起武器並去追獵綁匪
07:23
or to ask the government for help.
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還是要求政府幫助。
07:25
In the end, Benjamín and Julián decided
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最後,本傑明和朱利安決定
07:28
the best thing they could do
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最好的辦法是,
07:30
was to organize the community and act together.
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便是組織社區共同行動。
07:33
So what did they do?
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他們做了什麼?
07:34
They mobilized the whole community of Le Barón
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他們出動利比朗全社區的成員
07:37
to go to Chihuahua,
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到奇瓦瓦,
07:39
where they organized a sit-in
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在那裡,他們組織了一場靜坐
07:42
in the central park of the city.
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在城市的中央公園中。
07:44
They sent a message to the kidnappers:
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他們向綁匪釋出一道訊息:
07:46
"If you want your ransom come and get it.
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「如果你希望得到贖金,你就來拿。
07:49
We'll be waiting for you right here."
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我們將在這裡等著你。」
07:51
They stayed there.
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他們在那裡坐著。
07:53
Seven days later, Eric was set free
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七天後,埃里克被釋放,
07:56
and was able to return home.
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並能夠返回家園。
07:58
This is an example of what an organized society can do,
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這是一個有組織社會能做到的例子,
08:02
a society that acts.
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一個有行動力的社會。
08:04
Of course, criminals can respond.
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當然,罪犯可以作出回應。
08:06
And in this case, they did.
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而在這種情況下,他們的確有
08:08
On July 7th, 2009,
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在2009年7月7日,
08:12
Benjamín Le Barón was murdered.
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埃里克•利比朗被謀殺。
08:14
But Julián Le Barón keeps working
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但他的兄弟朱利安不斷地努力
08:17
and he has been mobilizing communities in Chihuahua
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和一直在奇瓦瓦州的社區
08:19
for over a year.
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動員了一年多。
08:22
And for over a year he has known that a price has been put on his head.
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而他亦知道這一年多以來,已有人出價要取他的人頭。
08:24
But he keeps fighting.
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但他一直在對抗。
08:26
He keeps organizing.
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他一直在組織。
08:28
He keeps mobilizing.
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他一直在發動人群
08:30
These heroic acts are present all over the country.
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全國各地都有這些英雄行為。
08:32
With a thousand Juliáns working together,
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倘若有一千名朱利安一起行動,
08:35
Mexico would be a very different country.
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墨西哥將會是一個非常不同的國家。
08:37
And they're out there!
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而確實有這些英雄!
08:38
They just have to raise their hands.
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他們只需要舉舉手。
08:43
I was born in Mexico, I grew up in Mexico
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我出生於墨西哥,我生長於墨西哥
08:49
and along the way, I learned to love Mexico.
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而在這過程中,我學會了愛墨西哥。
08:54
I think anyone who has stepped foot on this land --
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我認為任何人曾經踏上過這片土地 --
08:57
not to mention all Mexican people --
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更何況所有的墨西哥人民 --
08:59
will agree that it's not difficult
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都會同意,愛上墨西哥
09:02
to love Mexico.
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實在不難。
09:05
I've traveled a lot
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我去過很多地方旅遊,
09:07
and nowhere else have I found the passion Mexicans have.
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我發現沒有其他任何地方有墨西哥人的熱情。
09:13
That devotion we feel
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我們對國家足球隊
09:15
for the national football team.
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的擁戴。
09:17
That devotion we show
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我們對幫助災害
09:19
in helping victims of disasters,
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災民的的奉獻,
09:21
such as the earthquake in 1985
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如在1985年的地震
09:23
or this year's floods.
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或是今年的洪澇災害。
09:25
The passion with which we've been singing the national anthem
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那種在我們自幼便有
09:31
since we were kids.
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唱國歌的激情。
09:32
When we thought Masiosare
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當我們認為 "Masiosare" (國歌歌詞)
09:34
was the strange enemy,
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是個陌生的敵人,
09:37
and we sang, with a childlike heart,
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我們用稚氣的心唱,
09:39
"a soldier in each son."
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「每一個小孩都是士兵。”」
09:44
I think the biggest insult,
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我認為最大的侮辱,
09:47
the worst way you can offend a Mexican
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得罪墨西哥人最壞的方式,
09:49
is to insult their mother.
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便是侮辱他們的母親。
09:51
A mother is the most sacred thing in life.
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母親是最在生活中神聖的東西。
09:55
Mexico is our mother and today she cries out for her children.
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墨西哥便是我們的母親,今天她哭了和需要她的孩子。
09:58
We are going through the darkest moment
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我們正在經歷近代歷史
10:01
in our recent history.
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最最黑暗的時刻在我們。
10:03
Our mother, Mexico, is being violated before our very eyes.
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墨西哥,我們的母親,在我們的眼前遭到踐踏
10:06
What are we going to do?
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那我們該怎麼辦?
10:09
Masiosare, the strange enemy, is here.
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"Masiosare",那陌生的敵人,就在這裡。
10:12
Where is the soldier in each son?
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哪裡每一個小孩都是士兵?
10:17
Mahatma Gandhi,
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聖雄•甘地,
10:19
one of the greatest civil fighters of all time, said,
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一個歷史上最偉大的民眾鬥士,說:
10:23
"Be the change you wish to see in the world."
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「成為那個你想希望在這世界上看到的改變」。
10:27
Today in Mexico we're asking for Gandhis.
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如今,在墨西哥我們要求甘地。
10:30
We need Gandhis.
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我們要像甘地的人站出來。
10:32
We need men and women who love Mexico
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我們需要所有愛護墨西哥
10:35
and who are willing to take action.
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和願意採取行動的男男女女
10:38
This is a call for every true Mexican
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這是呼籲每一個真正的墨西哥人
10:43
to join this initiative.
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加入這一個倡議。
10:45
This is a call
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這是一個呼籲,
10:47
so that every single thing we love about Mexico --
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讓我們的愛墨西哥的每一件事情--
10:50
the festivals, the markets,
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節日慶典,市場,
10:52
the restaurants, the cantinas,
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餐館, Cantinas (音樂形式),
10:54
the tequila, the mariachis, the serenades,
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龍舌蘭酒, Marachis (愛墨西哥的一種音樂家), 小夜曲,
10:57
the posadas, El Grito, the Day of the Dead,
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Posadas, El Grito (墨西哥節慶),亡靈節,
11:01
San Miguel, the joy, the passion for life,
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聖米格爾節, 喜悅,對生命的熱情,
11:04
the fight and everything it means to be Mexican --
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那些奮鬥,以及所有身為一位墨西哥人所代表的意義--
11:08
doesn't disappear from this world.
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不會從這個世界消失。
11:13
We're facing a very powerful opponent.
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我們面臨一個非常強大的對手。
11:16
But we are many more.
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但我們陣仗很大
11:18
They can take a man's life.
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他們可以取走一個人的性命
11:21
Anyone can kill me,
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任何人都可以殺我,
11:23
or you, or you.
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抑或你,或你。
11:24
But no one can kill
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但沒有人能殺死
11:27
the spirit of true Mexicans.
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真正墨西哥人的精神。
11:29
The battle is won,
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戰鬥是贏了,
11:31
but we still have to fight it.
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但我們仍然要奮鬥下去
11:34
2000 years ago, the Roman poet Juvenal
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2000年前,古羅馬詩人尤維納利說了一句
11:40
said something that today echoes
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在今天每一個真正墨西哥人
11:43
in the heart of every true Mexican.
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的心裡都有迴響的話。
11:46
He said, "Count it the greatest sin
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他說,「最大的罪惡應該算是
11:50
to prefer life to honor,
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捨棄尊嚴選擇活著,
11:56
and for the sake of living
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並且為了活著
12:00
to lose what makes life worth living."
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而失去讓活著有意義的事物。」
12:03
Thank you.
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謝謝。
12:05
(Applause)
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(鼓掌)
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