An ultra-low-cost college degree | Shai Reshef

譯者: Qingqing Mao 審譯者: Justine Bai

我想和你們分享

I would like to share with you a new model of higher education,

一種全新的高等教育模式

a model that, once expanded,

這一模式一旦發展起來

can enhance the collective intelligence

能提升數以百萬計的有創造力

of millions of creative and motivated individuals

有上進心的個人的集體智慧

而沒有這一模式的話 他們可能被甩在後面

that otherwise would be left behind.

看看這個世界

Look at the world.

任選一個地方並聚焦於此

Pick a place and focus on it.

You will find humans chasing higher education.

你會發現人們正在追尋高等教育

讓我們來認識其中的一些人

Let's meet some of them.

派屈克

Patrick.

Patrick was born in Liberia to a family of 20 children.

派屈克出生於賴比瑞亞

一個有20個孩子的家庭

在內戰期間 他和他的家庭

During the civil war,

he and his family were forced to flee to Nigeria.

被迫逃離去奈及利亞

There, in spite of his situation,

在那裡 儘管處境惡劣

he graduated high school with nearly perfect grades.

他依然以近乎滿分的成績高中畢業

He wanted to continue to higher education,

他想要繼續接受高等教育

but due to his family living on the poverty line,

但是由於他的家庭

生活在貧困線上

he was soon sent to South Africa

他不久後被送至南非工作

寄錢回家

to work and send back money to feed his family.

供養他的家人

Patrick never gave up his dream of higher education.

派屈克從未放棄他的高等教育之夢

Late at night, after work,

結束工作後的深夜裡

he surfed the net, looking for ways to study.

他在網路上尋找各種途徑來學習

Meet Debbie.

來認識一下黛比

黛比來自佛羅里達

Debbie is from Florida.

Her parents didn't go to college, and neither did any of her siblings.

她的父母沒有上過大學

她的兄弟姐妹也都沒有

Debbie has worked all her life,

黛比生活的全部就是工作

pays taxes, supports herself month to month,

繳稅 每月維持自己的生計

proud of the American dream,

以美國夢為榮

a dream that just won't be complete without higher education.

但是沒有高等教育的話

這個夢並不完整

But Debbie doesn't have the savings for higher education.

但是黛比沒有足夠的積蓄

來負擔高等教育

She can't pay the tuition.

她付不起學費

Neither could she leave work.

她也不能抛開工作

來認識一下瓦伊爾

Meet Wael.

Wael is from Syria.

瓦伊爾來自敘利亞

He's experiencing firsthand

他正親身感受著

the misery, fear and failure imposed on his country.

他的國家所遭受的

痛苦 恐懼和失敗

He's a big believer in education.

他是教育的忠實信徒

He knew that if he could find an opportunity for higher education,

他知道 如果他能找到

接受高等教育的機會

an opportunity to get ahead of the rest,

一個能超過別人的機會

他就更有可能

he has a better chance to survive in a world turned upside down.

在一個顛倒混亂的世界裡生存下來

The higher education system

高等教育體系

failed Patrick, Debbie and Wael,

辜負了派屈克 黛比和瓦伊爾

exactly as it is failing millions of potential students --

正如它也辜負了

數百萬的潛在學生——

millions that graduate high school,

數百萬的高中畢業生

millions that are qualified for higher education,

數百萬有資格接受高等教育的學生

millions that want to study yet cannot access it for various reasons.

數百萬學生想要學習

卻因為各種原因無法實現

First: financial.

首先 經濟上的原因

Universities are expensive; we all know it.

大學是昂貴的 我們都知道這一點

In large parts of the world,

在世界上的很多地方

higher education is unattainable for an average citizen.

對於普通民衆來說

高等教育無法企及

This is probably the biggest problem facing our society.

這個可能是我們社會

所面臨的最大問題

Higher education stopped being a right for all

高等教育不再是所有人的權利

and became a privilege for the few.

而是成為一種少數人的特權

Second: cultural.

第二 文化上的原因

合格的 能負擔得起的 想要學習的學生

Students who are qualified for higher education

can afford -- want to study -- cannot,

卻無法得到高等教育

because it is not decent, it is not a place for a woman.

因為它不得體

它不是女人可以去的地方

比如 在非洲

This is the story of countless women in Africa, for example,

無數的女性

prevented from higher education because of cultural barriers.

由於文化上的阻隔

而無法得到高等教育

And here comes the third reason:

第三條原因：

UNESCO stated that in 2025,

聯合國教科文組織聲明

100 million students will be deprived of higher education,

到2025年 將有1億學生

被剝奪高等教育的機會

simply because there will not be enough seats to accommodate them,

僅僅是因為沒有那麽多的座位

來容納他們 來滿足需求

to meet the demand.

They will take a placement test, they will pass it,

他們會參加程度測驗

他們會通過測驗

but they still won't have access, because there are no places available.

但是他們仍無法得到教育

因為無處可去

These are the reasons I founded University of the People,

由於這些的原因

我創辦了人民大學（University of the People）

一所非盈利性的 免學費的

a nonprofit, tuition-free, degree-granting university

授予學位的大學

它提供了另一種選擇

to give an alternative,

to create an alternative, to those who have no other;

為那些沒有其它選擇的人 創造了一種選擇

an alternative that will be affordable and scalable,

一種價格合理的選擇

一種可擴展的選擇

an alternative that will disrupt the current education system,

一種打破

現行的教育體系的選擇

and open the gates to higher education for every qualified student

為每一位合格的學生

打開高等教育的大門

regardless of what they earn, where they live,

不論他們的收入 不論他們身處何處

or what society says about them.

不論社會如何議論他們

Patrick, Debbie and Wael

派屈克 黛比和瓦伊爾

are only three examples out of the 1,700 accepted students

只是來自143個國家的

1700位被錄取的學生中

from 143 countries.

的三個例子

我們——（掌聲）——謝謝

(Applause)

Thank you.

(Applause)

We didn't need to reinvent the wheel.

我們不需要重新發明輪子

We just looked at what wasn't working

我們只是看到那些有問題的地方

and used the amazing power of the Internet

並使用網際網路的神奇力量

to get around it.

來繞開問題

We set out to build a model

我們著手建立一種模式

that will cut down almost entirely the cost of higher education.

它將削減掉

高等教育的絕大部分成本

And that's how we did it.

我們是這樣做到的

First, bricks and mortar cost money.

首先 大樓需要花錢

大學有很多的開銷

Universities have expenses that virtual universities don't.

是虛擬大學所沒有的

We don't need to pass these expenses on to our students.

我們不需要將這些開銷

轉移到我們的學生頭上

這些開銷不存在

They don't exist.

We also don't need to worry about capacity.

我們也不需要擔心可容納的人數

There are no limits of seats in virtual university.

在虛擬大學裡

沒有座位數的限制

Actually, nobody needs to stand at the back of the lecture hall.

事實上 沒人需要

站在講堂的後面

Textbooks are also something our students don't need to buy.

我們的學生

也不需要購買課本

By using open educational resources

使用開放的教學資源

and the generosity of professors

以及教授們的慷慨饋贈

who are putting their material up free and accessible,

很多教授把他們的教學材料

免費公開

we don't need to send our students to buy textbooks.

不需要讓我們的學生去購買課本

All of our materials come free.

我們所有的材料都是免費的

Even professors,

甚至是教授

the most expensive line in any university balance sheet,

任何大學的收支表上最昂貴的一項

come free to our students.

也對我們的學生免費

Over 3,000 of them,

我們有超過3000位教師

including presidents, vice chancellors, professors and academic advisers

包括校長 副校長

教授和學術導師

from top universities such as NYU, Yale, Berkeley and Oxford,

他們來自頂尖的大學 比如紐約大學

耶魯大學 加州大學柏克萊分校 牛津大學

came on board to help our students.

來幫助我們的學生

Finally, is our belief in peer-to-peer learning.

最後 是我們對於點對點學習的信念

We use this sound pedagogical model

我們使用這個可靠的教學模式

to encourage our students from all over the world

來鼓勵我們來自世界各地的學生

to interact and study together,

一起互動並共同學習

and also to reduce the time our professors need

這同時也縮短了教授們

需要花在課堂作業上的時間

to labor over class assignments.

如果說網際網路 把我們變成了一個地球村

If the Internet has made us a global village,

this model can develop its future leadership.

這一模式能培養其未來的領導力量

Look how we do it.

看看我們如何做到這一點

We only offer two programs:

我們只提供了兩種課程：

business administration and computer science,

商業管理和計算機科學

the two programs most in demand worldwide,

這兩個項目

是世界上需求最廣的

the two programs that are likeliest to help our students find a job.

這兩個項目最有可能

幫助我們的學生找到工作

When our students are accepted,

當我們的學生被錄取後

they are placed in a small classroom of 20 to 30 students,

他們被安排到

由20至30人組成的小班

to ensure that those who need personalized attention get it.

來保證有個性化需求的學生 能得到相應的關注

Moreover, for every nine-week course, they meet a new peer,

此外 每九週的課程

他們會認識一個新的同伴

a whole new set of students from all over the world.

一組來自世界各地的

全新的同學

Every week, when they go into the classroom,

每週 當他們進入課堂

they find the lecture notes of the week,

他們會找到本週的課程筆記

the reading assignment, the homework assignment,

閱讀任務 課外作業

and the discussion question, which is the core of our studies.

以及討論問題——

這是我們學習的核心

Every week, every student must contribute to the class discussion,

每週末，每位學生

都必須為課堂討論做出貢獻

and also must comment on the contribution of others.

同時也必須對其它人的貢獻

做出評論

This way, we open our students' minds,

通過這樣的方法 我們開闊了學生的思維

we develop a positive shift in attitude toward different cultures.

我們發展了一種正面積極的態度

來對待不同的文化

By the end of each week, the students take a quiz,

每週結束的時候

學生們參加一個測驗

hand in their homework,

提交他們的課外作業

which are assessed by their peers under the supervision of the instructors,

作業會在教師的監督下

由同學互相評估

get a grade, move to the next week.

得到成績 然後繼續下一週的學習

By the end of the course, they take the final exam,

在課程的末尾 他們參加期末考試

get a grade, and follow to the next course.

得到成績 然後轉到下一個課程

We open the gates for higher education for every qualified student.

我們為每一個合格的學生

打開了高等教育的大門

Every student with a high school diploma,

每個學生 只要有高中文憑

sufficient English and Internet connection

足夠的英語能力和網路連接

can study with us.

就可以和我們一起學習

We don't use audio, we don't use video.

我們不使用音頻和影片

Broadband is not necessary.

寬帶網絡不是必須的

Any student from any part of the world with any Internet connection

來自世界任何一個地方的任何一個學生

只要能連接到網路

can study with us.

就可以和我們一起學習

We are tuition free.

我們沒有學費

我們的學生只需要負擔

All we ask our students to cover is the cost of their exams,

考試的成本

100 dollars per exam.

每門考試100美元

A full-time bachelor's degree student taking 40 courses

一個全日制本科學位的學生

選修40門課

will pay 1,000 dollars a year,

每年將支付1000美元

4,000 dollars for the entire degree.

整個學位需要4000美元

And for those who cannot afford even this,

對於連這些也無法負擔的學生

we offer them a variety of scholarships.

我們提供了各種類型的獎學金

It is our mission that nobody will be left behind

沒有人會因為經濟上的原因而被抛下

for financial reasons.

這是我們的使命

With 5,000 students in 2016, this model is financially sustainable.

到2016年 隨著5000名學生

這一模式在經濟上是可持續的

Five years ago, it was a vision.

五年前這還是一個幻象

Today, it is a reality.

而今它成為了現實

Last month, we got the ultimate academic endorsement to our model.

上個月 我們的模式

得到了學術界的最終認可

University of the People is now fully accredited.

人民大學現在已完全通過認證

(Applause)

（掌聲）

謝謝

Thank you.

(Applause)

With this accreditation, it's our time now to scale up.

有了這一認證

現在到了我們擴張的時候

We have demonstrated that our model works.

我們已經展示了 我們的模式是可行的

我邀請大學 更重要的是

I invite universities and, even more important,

developing countries' governments,

發展中國家的政府

來複製這一模式

to replicate this model

來保證高等教育的大門

to ensure that the gates of higher education will open widely.

將一直敞開

A new era is coming --

一個新的時代來臨了

an era that will witness the disruption of the higher education model

這個時代將會見證

我們今天所知的高等教育模式

as we know it today,

的瓦解

from being a privilege for the few

從一種少數人的特權

to becoming a basic right, affordable and accessible for all.

變為一種基本權利

所有人都可以承擔 可以獲得

Thank you.

謝謝

(Applause)

（掌聲）