An ultra-low-cost college degree | Shai Reshef

4,882,073 views ・ 2014-08-04

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Prevoditelj: Ivan Gjukic Recezent: Ivan Stamenković
Želio bih podijeliti s vama
00:13
I would like to share with you a new model of higher education,
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novi model visokog obrazovanja,
00:17
a model that, once expanded,
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model koji, nakon što je proširen,
00:20
can enhance the collective intelligence
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može poboljšati kolektivno znanje
00:22
of millions of creative and motivated individuals
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milijuna kreativnih i motiviranih pojedinaca
koji bi u suprotnom bili zanemareni.
00:27
that otherwise would be left behind.
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Pogledajte svijet.
00:30
Look at the world.
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Odaberite mjesto
00:32
Pick a place and focus on it.
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i usredotočite se na njega.
00:34
You will find humans chasing higher education.
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Pronaći ćete osobe u potjeri
za visokim obrazovanjem
Upoznajmo neke od njih.
00:39
Let's meet some of them.
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00:41
Patrick.
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Patrick
00:42
Patrick was born in Liberia to a family of 20 children.
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Patrick je rođen u Liberiji,
u obitelji sa dvadesetoro djece
00:48
During the civil war,
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Tijekom građanskog rata,
on i njegova obitelj bili su prisiljeni
00:50
he and his family were forced to flee to Nigeria.
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pobjeći u Nigeriju.
Usprkos svojoj situaciji,
00:54
There, in spite of his situation,
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završio je srednju školu, s gotovo savršenim ocjenama.
00:57
he graduated high school with nearly perfect grades.
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01:01
He wanted to continue to higher education,
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Želio je nastaviti školovanje prema visokom obrazovanju
01:04
but due to his family living on the poverty line,
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ali zbog njegove obitelji
koja živi na granici siromaštva,
01:07
he was soon sent to South Africa
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ubrzo je poslan u Južnu Afriku
kako bi radio i mogao poslati novac
01:10
to work and send back money to feed his family.
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koji će prehraniti njegovu obitelj.
Patrick se nikada nije odrekao svoga snova o visokom obrazovanju.
01:15
Patrick never gave up his dream of higher education.
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01:18
Late at night, after work,
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Kasno navečer, nakon posla,
01:21
he surfed the net, looking for ways to study.
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pretraživao je Internet u potrazi za načinima kako bi studirao.
01:25
Meet Debbie.
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Upoznajte Debbie.
Debbie je sa Floride.
01:27
Debbie is from Florida.
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01:29
Her parents didn't go to college, and neither did any of her siblings.
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Njeni roditelji nisu pohađali fakultet,
kao i nitko od njezinih braće i sestara.
01:34
Debbie has worked all her life,
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Debbie je radila cijeli život,
plaćala porez, uzdržavala sama iz mjeseca u mjesec,
01:38
pays taxes, supports herself month to month,
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01:41
proud of the American dream,
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ponosna na američki san,
san koji jednostavno nije bio potpun
01:44
a dream that just won't be complete without higher education.
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bez visokog obrazovanja.
01:48
But Debbie doesn't have the savings for higher education.
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Ali, Debbie nema ušteđevine
potrebne za visoko obrazovanje.
01:52
She can't pay the tuition.
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Ona ne može platiti školarinu.
01:54
Neither could she leave work.
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Niti napustiti posao.
Upoznajte Waela.
01:58
Meet Wael.
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01:59
Wael is from Syria.
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Wael je iz Sirije.
02:01
He's experiencing firsthand
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On je iz prve ruke mogao iskusiti
02:05
the misery, fear and failure imposed on his country.
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bijedu, strah i neuspjeh
koji su nametnuti na njegovu zemlju.
02:10
He's a big believer in education.
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On duboko vjeruje u obrazovanje.
02:13
He knew that if he could find an opportunity for higher education,
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Znao je, ukoliko uspije pronaći mogućnost
za visoko obrazovanje,
02:17
an opportunity to get ahead of the rest,
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priliku da bude ispred drugih,
imati će bolje šanse za opstanak.
02:20
he has a better chance to survive in a world turned upside down.
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u svijetu krivih vrijednosti.
Sustav visokog obrazovanja
02:26
The higher education system
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iznevjerio je Patricka, Debbie i Waela,
02:29
failed Patrick, Debbie and Wael,
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baš kao što je iznevierio
02:32
exactly as it is failing millions of potential students --
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milijune potencijalnih studenata,
02:37
millions that graduate high school,
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milijuni koji su završili srednju školu,
02:40
millions that are qualified for higher education,
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milijuni koji su kvalificirani za visoko obrazovanje
02:43
millions that want to study yet cannot access it for various reasons.
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milijune koji žele studirati
ali nisu u mogućnosti iz raznih razloga.
02:49
First: financial.
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Prvo, financijskih.
02:52
Universities are expensive; we all know it.
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Sveučilišta su skupa. Svi mi to znamo.
02:55
In large parts of the world,
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U velikome dijelu svijeta,
02:57
higher education is unattainable for an average citizen.
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visoko obrazovanje je nedostižno
za prosječnoga građanina.
03:02
This is probably the biggest problem facing our society.
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Ovo je vjerojatno najveći problem
s kojim je suočeno naše društvo.
03:06
Higher education stopped being a right for all
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Visoko obrazovanje prestalo je biti pravo za sve
i postalo privilegija za neke.
03:10
and became a privilege for the few.
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03:13
Second: cultural.
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Drugo, kulturni.
03:18
Students who are qualified for higher education
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Studenti koji su kvalificirani za visoko obrazovanje,
03:20
can afford -- want to study -- cannot,
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mogu priuštiti, žele studirati, ne mogu
03:24
because it is not decent, it is not a place for a woman.
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jer to nije primjereno,
nije mjesto za ženu.
03:31
This is the story of countless women in Africa, for example,
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Ovo je priča bezbrojnih žena
u Africi, na primjer,
spriječene od visokog obrazovanja
03:35
prevented from higher education because of cultural barriers.
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zbog kulturnih barijera.
03:39
And here comes the third reason:
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I ovdje dolazi treći razlog:
03:42
UNESCO stated that in 2025,
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UNESCO je izjavio, da će 2025.
03:45
100 million students will be deprived of higher education,
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100 milijuna studenata
biti lišeno visokog obrazovanja.
03:51
simply because there will not be enough seats to accommodate them,
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jednostavno zato što neće biti dovoljno mjesta
da ih se primi, kako bi se zadovoljila potražnja.
03:56
to meet the demand.
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03:58
They will take a placement test, they will pass it,
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Polagati će prijemni ispit,
položiti će ga,
04:01
but they still won't have access, because there are no places available.
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ali i dalje neće imati pristupa
jer nema slobodnih mjesta.
04:07
These are the reasons I founded University of the People,
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Ovo su razlozi
zašto sam osnovao University of the People,
04:12
a nonprofit, tuition-free, degree-granting university
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neprofitno sveučilište bez školarine
sveučilište koje dodjeljuje diplome,
04:17
to give an alternative,
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kako bi omogućio alternativu,
04:18
to create an alternative, to those who have no other;
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onima koji nemaju drugoga izbora,
alternativu koja će biti pristupačna
04:22
an alternative that will be affordable and scalable,
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i podesiva,
04:27
an alternative that will disrupt the current education system,
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alternativa koja će omesti
trenutni sustav obrazovanja,
04:33
and open the gates to higher education for every qualified student
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otvoriti vrata visokome obrazovanju
za svakoga kvalificiranoga studenta
04:37
regardless of what they earn, where they live,
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bez obzira na njihove prihode, mjesto boravka,
04:42
or what society says about them.
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ili što društvo kaže o njima.
04:45
Patrick, Debbie and Wael
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Patrick, Debbie i Wael
04:47
are only three examples out of the 1,700 accepted students
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su samo tri primjera
od 1700 prihvaćenih studenata
04:51
from 143 countries.
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iz 143 zemlje.
04:55
(Applause)
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MI -- (Pljesak) -- Hvala vam.
04:56
Thank you.
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04:58
(Applause)
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05:00
We didn't need to reinvent the wheel.
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Nismo morali ponovno izmisliti kotač.
05:02
We just looked at what wasn't working
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Samo smo pogledali ono što ne radi
05:04
and used the amazing power of the Internet
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i upotrijebili nevjerojatnu snagu Interneta
05:07
to get around it.
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kako bi zaobišli problem.
05:09
We set out to build a model
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Odlućili smo izgraditi model
05:12
that will cut down almost entirely the cost of higher education.
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koji će gotovo u cijelosti smanjiti
troškove visokog obrazovanja,
05:17
And that's how we did it.
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i tako smo uspijeli.
05:19
First, bricks and mortar cost money.
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Prvo, cigle i žbuka koštaju novaca.
05:23
Universities have expenses that virtual universities don't.
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Sveučilišta imaju troškove
koje virtualna sveučilišta nemaju.
05:28
We don't need to pass these expenses on to our students.
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Ne trebamo prenjeti ove troškove
na naše studente.
05:32
They don't exist.
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Oni ne postoje.
05:33
We also don't need to worry about capacity.
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Također, ne moramo brinuti o kapacitetu.
05:36
There are no limits of seats in virtual university.
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Ne postoje ograničenja za sjedala
u virtualnom sveučilištu.
05:40
Actually, nobody needs to stand at the back of the lecture hall.
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Ustvari, nitko ne treba stajati
u stražnjem dijelu učionice.
05:45
Textbooks are also something our students don't need to buy.
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Udžbenici su također nešto
što naši studenti ne moraju kupovati.
05:49
By using open educational resources
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Korištenjem otvorenih obrazovnih resursa
05:52
and the generosity of professors
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i velikodušnosti profesora
05:55
who are putting their material up free and accessible,
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koji pružaju svoje materijale
besplatno i čine ih dostupnima,
05:59
we don't need to send our students to buy textbooks.
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ne trebamo slati studente u kupovinu udžbenika.
06:02
All of our materials come free.
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Svi naši materijali su besplatni.
06:05
Even professors,
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Čak i profesori,
06:07
the most expensive line in any university balance sheet,
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kao najskuplja točka na bilo kojemu sveučilištu,
06:11
come free to our students.
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su besplatni za naše studente,
06:12
Over 3,000 of them,
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preko 3000 njih,
06:15
including presidents, vice chancellors, professors and academic advisers
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uključujući predsjednika, potpredsjednika rektora,
profesore i akademske savjetnike,
06:21
from top universities such as NYU, Yale, Berkeley and Oxford,
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sa najboljih sveučilišta kao što su
Yale, Berkeley i Oxford,
06:27
came on board to help our students.
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pridružili su se kako bi pomogli našim studentima.
06:30
Finally, is our belief in peer-to-peer learning.
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U konačnici, mi vjerujemo u umreženo učenje.
06:34
We use this sound pedagogical model
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Koristimo ovaj stabilan pedagoški model
06:37
to encourage our students from all over the world
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kako bi potaknuli naše studente iz cijelog svijeta
06:40
to interact and study together,
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da komuniciraju i uče zajedno
06:42
and also to reduce the time our professors need
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dok istovremeno smanjuju potrebno vrijeme
06:47
to labor over class assignments.
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profesora u nadizranju zadataka.
06:53
If the Internet has made us a global village,
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Ako nas je Internet napravio globalnim selom
06:58
this model can develop its future leadership.
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ovaj model može razviti svoje buduće vodstvo.
07:02
Look how we do it.
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Pogledajte kako smo to uspijeli.
07:04
We only offer two programs:
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Mi nudimo samo dva programa
07:07
business administration and computer science,
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poslovnu administraciju i informatičke znanosti.
07:09
the two programs most in demand worldwide,
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dva programa,
koje su u najvećoj potražnji u svijetu,
07:13
the two programs that are likeliest to help our students find a job.
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dva programa koja će najvjeroajtnije
pomoći našim studentima pronaći posao.
07:19
When our students are accepted,
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Kada su naši studenti primljeni,
07:22
they are placed in a small classroom of 20 to 30 students,
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smještamo ih u male učionice
od 20 do 30 studenta kako bi se osigurala
07:28
to ensure that those who need personalized attention get it.
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posebna pozornost onima kojima je potrebna.
07:32
Moreover, for every nine-week course, they meet a new peer,
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Štoviše, za svako devetotjedno predavanje,
upoznaju novog kolegu,
07:38
a whole new set of students from all over the world.
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novu grupu studenata
iz cijeloga svijeta.
07:42
Every week, when they go into the classroom,
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Svaki tjedan, kad idu na predavanja,
07:45
they find the lecture notes of the week,
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pronadu tjedne bilješke s predavanja
zadatak za čitanje, zadatak domaće zadaće,
07:48
the reading assignment, the homework assignment,
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07:50
and the discussion question, which is the core of our studies.
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i pitanje za raspravu,
što je srž našeg studija.
07:54
Every week, every student must contribute to the class discussion,
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Svakoga tjedna, svi studenti,
moraju doprinijeti razrednoj raspravi,
07:58
and also must comment on the contribution of others.
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a također moraju komentirati
o doprinosu drugih.
08:03
This way, we open our students' minds,
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Na taj način, otvoramo umove naših učenika,
08:06
we develop a positive shift in attitude toward different cultures.
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razvijamo pozitivan pomak u stavu
prema različitim kulturama.
Na kraju svakoga tjedna,
08:12
By the end of each week, the students take a quiz,
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studenti riješe kviz,
08:15
hand in their homework,
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predaju zadaće,
08:17
which are assessed by their peers under the supervision of the instructors,
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koje se ocjenjuju od strane njihovih kolega,
pod nadzorom instruktora,
08:22
get a grade, move to the next week.
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dobiju ocjenu, i prelaze u sljedeći tjedan.
08:24
By the end of the course, they take the final exam,
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Do kraja predavanja, polažu završni ispit,
08:27
get a grade, and follow to the next course.
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dobiju ocjenu, i nastavljaju na sljedeća predavanja.
08:32
We open the gates for higher education for every qualified student.
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Otvorili smo vrata prema visokom obrazovanju,
za svakoga kvalificiranog studenta.
08:38
Every student with a high school diploma,
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Svaki student sa srednjoškolskom diplomom,
08:41
sufficient English and Internet connection
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dovoljnim znanjem engleskog jezika i Internetskom vezom
08:44
can study with us.
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u mogućnosti je studirati kod nas.
08:46
We don't use audio, we don't use video.
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Mi ne koristimo zvuk. Mi ne koristimo video.
08:49
Broadband is not necessary.
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Nije potreban Internet velike brzine.
08:51
Any student from any part of the world with any Internet connection
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Svaki student iz bilo kojega dijela svijeta
i bilo kakvim priključkom za Internet
08:56
can study with us.
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može studirati kod nas.
08:58
We are tuition free.
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Mi nudimo besplatnu edukaciju.
09:01
All we ask our students to cover is the cost of their exams,
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Od naših studenata samo tražimo
da pokriju troškove njihovih ispita,
09:04
100 dollars per exam.
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100 dolara po ispitu.
09:07
A full-time bachelor's degree student taking 40 courses
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Student punog stupnja
koji pohađa 40 predavanja,
platiti će 1000 dolara godišnje,
09:12
will pay 1,000 dollars a year,
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09:14
4,000 dollars for the entire degree.
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4000 dolara za cijeli studij,
09:17
And for those who cannot afford even this,
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a onima koji si to nisu u mogućnosti priustiti
nudimo niz stipendija.
09:21
we offer them a variety of scholarships.
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09:23
It is our mission that nobody will be left behind
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Naša je misija da nitko ne bude izostavljen,
09:26
for financial reasons.
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zbog financijskih razloga.
09:29
With 5,000 students in 2016, this model is financially sustainable.
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Sa 5000 studenata u 2016.
ovaj model je financijski održiv.
09:37
Five years ago, it was a vision.
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Pet godina unazad, ovo je bila vizija.
09:41
Today, it is a reality.
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Danas je stvarnost.
09:44
Last month, we got the ultimate academic endorsement to our model.
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Prošli mjesec, dobili smo konačnu
akademsku potvrdu za svoj model.
09:50
University of the People is now fully accredited.
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University of the People je sada u potpunosti akreditirano sveučilište.
09:54
(Applause)
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(Pljesak)
09:56
Thank you.
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09:57
(Applause)
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Hvala vam.
10:01
With this accreditation, it's our time now to scale up.
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Sa ovom potvrdom,
stiglo je vrijeme za veće razmjere.
10:06
We have demonstrated that our model works.
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Pokazali smo da je naš model funkcionalan.
10:10
I invite universities and, even more important,
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Pozivam sveučilišta i, još važnije,
10:13
developing countries' governments,
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vlade zemalja u razvoju,
10:15
to replicate this model
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da kopiraju ovaj model
10:17
to ensure that the gates of higher education will open widely.
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kako bi osigurali da se vrata visokog obrazovanja
otvore svima.
10:22
A new era is coming --
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Novo razdoblje pristiže,
10:24
an era that will witness the disruption of the higher education model
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razdoblje koje će svjedočiti
promijeni modela visokog obrazovanja
10:29
as we know it today,
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kao što ga danas poznajemo,
10:31
from being a privilege for the few
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od toga da bude privilegija za samo neke
10:35
to becoming a basic right, affordable and accessible for all.
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postane osnovno pravo,
pristupačno i dostupna svima.
10:41
Thank you.
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Hvala vam.
10:43
(Applause)
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(Pljesak)
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